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ThesisItem Open Access Market orientation and its influence on performance: A study of Textile industry in Punjab(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2015) Talwar, Lakshdeep; Babita KumarThe present study was conducted to study the extent of market orientation and its influence on performance of textile industry in Punjab. Textile industry in Punjab is mainly in three sectors- cotton, woolen and handloom sectors. A sample of 25 units each from cotton, woolen textile and handloom sectors has been taken. Further from each sector, large and MSMEs were selected on the basis of proportionate sampling. Total 19 large and 56 MSMEs were selected. Primary data related to Market orientation (M.O) and business performance was collected from marketing executives/owners through a well designed structured questionnaire based on a 5 point scale given by Kohli and Jaworski in 1993. The scale was adapted according to the textile industry. The overall extent of M.O of textile industry was found to be very low (mean Score=2.84). Among various sectors, cotton textile sector had slightly better M.O (mean score=3.4) than handloom and woolen sector (mean score=2.6 and 2.7 resp.).The M.O and business performance of textile industry were found to be positively associated but there was no significant relation between market orientation and business performance of textile industry of Punjab.ThesisItem Open Access study of content and quality of disclosures regarding business responsibility and corporate governance(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2015) Manmeet Kaur; Kapur, SandeepThe present study was undertaken for analysing corporate governance(CG) and business responsibility report(BR) of index based(common in Nifty & sensex) companies and non-Index based (listed under indexes other than Nifty & Sensex) companies and to examine the perception of brokers and investors towards both these reports. Secondary Data in form of annual reports was collected for analysing reports. The study regarding perception of investors was conducted in Ludhiana where 20 Brokers and 100 investors were part of sample population. Their perception was tested on usefulness, adequacy in content. Results indicate there is significant difference between disclosures regarding shareholder committee, non-mandatory requirement ,which are part of CG, and principles and significant risk and goals of management, which are part of BR report of index-based and non-index based companies . Response of investors and brokers indicated that non-mandatory disclosure of Corporate governance report is of least use to them and share holder information and party transactions in their view are most useful disclosures of corporate governance report. Business responsibility report according to them contains all useful disclosures but negative consequences of operations on social, environmental and economic fronts disclosure of is most inadequate in terms of content and quality.ThesisItem Restricted Influence of sales promotion activities on consumer buying behaviour: A study of apparel retail outlets of Ludhiana city(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2015) Manoj Kumar; SukhmaniSales promotion can affect consumer’s buying perception and thus there is a likelihood of approaching or avoiding the product or store. Creating superior customer experience seems to be one of the central objectives in today’s retail environments. Customer experience encompasses the total experience including the search, purchase, consumption and after-sales phases of the experiences. All these are closely related to sales promotion planning and have significant impact on the customer experience of a retail firm. Sales promotion could affect shoppers’ behaviors in several ways. The present study was conducted to study was restricted to Ludhiana city. Ten stores from Ludhiana city which qualify the definition of Retail outlet were selected for the study on convenience basis. Further, 10 customers were selected from each store on basis of simple random sampling. Thus, a total sample size of 100 customers was surveyed. Primary data was collected with the help of structured and non-disguised questionnaires and observation chart. To satisfy the first objective data was collected from the store managers with the help of questionnaire and observation chart. Another questionnaire was prepared to satisfy the second objective and data was collected from customers. Data was collected related to sales promotion i.e. displays, discounts, gift vouchers, samples, etc from store managers and customer buying preferences and behavior from customers.ThesisItem Restricted Study of Store Atmospherics in Department Stores and Its Effect on Behavior of Customers(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2015) Sekhon, Navdeep Singh; Banga, GagandeepThe present research was conducted to study the store atmospherics in department stores and its effect on buying behavior of customers. The study was conducted by selecting 10 stores which qualify the definition of Department stores, from Ludhiana city and by selecting 15 customers from each store on basis of systematic random sampling. Thus, a total sample size of 150 customers was selected. Primary data was collected with the help of structured and non-disguised questionnaires and observation chart. Two separate questionnaires were prepared. For the first objective, data was collected from the store managers and by observation chart. For the second objective, data was collected from the customers. The study showed that store atmospherics components are one of the most important tools to attract customers and increase sale. The store atmospheric components are exterior, general interior, store layout and interior display. The most effective store atmospheric components are store interior display and exterior of the department store. The customers feel that store atmospherics increase their comfort level and makes them store loyal.ThesisItem Restricted Study of Productivity and Profitability of Selected Bank in Punjab(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2015) Jain, Pragya; Sachdeva, Y. P.Banks are considered as the backbone of any economy. Productivity and Profitability of banks enhances the economic health of the country. After liberalization, privatization and globalization of Indian economy, there was paradigm shift in entire country. The waves had also affected banking sector in positive way. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the productivity and profitability of ICICI Bank. ICICI is holding top positions in private sector banks in India. To calculate productivity and profitability, ratio analysis technique was used. The study tried to find out the different ways to measure productivity and profitability of ICICI Bank during the period 2010 to 2014. The methodology involved profitability ratios and employee and branch productivity ratios. The factors affecting productivity, profitability were identified and analyzed by primary data collection from the 20 branches in Punjab. It has been revealed that both the factors are inter related. The productivity of the bank was far better than many banks in the industry. It had been increased over the years and was becoming effective and much better due to the implementation of modern techniques. The profitability analysis justified a growth in all ratios stating the efficient management of funds. The study suggests that to increase profitability banks should embrace to adopt new technology to compete with other banks and also to successfully survive in the market.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation and Use of passenger car portals in Punjab(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2015) Sidana, Rahul; Dharni, KhushdeepUse of passenger car-portals is on the rise. Present study was undertaken to evaluate selected passengers car-portals through user opinion and content analysis. Use pattern and challenges in face of future use were also explored. One hundred and fifty respondents were selected from three cities of Punjab. Data from the respondents was collected using a pre-structured non-disguised questionnaire. Content analysis of 30 selected car- portals was also undertaken. Results reveal that respondents were using car-portals for seeking information about various car-models and were using various tools and services like EMI calculator, car-accessories, on-road price, user reviews, expert reviews, road-side assistance and car comparison of various car models. About sixty two percent of the respondents were using the car-portals on daily basis. Seventy five percent of the respondents were also using others sources of information for generating information about various car models. Content analysis results by the researcher showed that many of the websites were efficient in providing information. With increasing penetration of internet, the use of car-portals by the people is likely to increase in future.ThesisItem Open Access Corporate Social Responsibility under Companies Act, 2013: A Study of Perceptions of Stakeholders(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2015) Guglani, Rohan; Kapur, SandeepThe present study was conducted to analyze the perceptions of stakeholders regarding the Corporate Social Responsibility clause under Companies Act, 2013. For achieving the first objective, primary data was collected through a structured interview schedule. A sample of 110 respondents was selected on convenience basis. Analysis was done using statistical tools like mean score, standard deviation, Chi square, ANOVA and T-test. The study highlighted that most of the respondents find the introduction of the Corporate Social Responsibility clause as justified. Majority of the respondents are of the view that the limits for the applicability of Corporate Social Responsibility provisions to the companies within the act should be lowered. Respondents were largely of the view that the set of activities eligible under CSR, as specified in the Act should be increased. For achieving the second objective, secondary data was analyzed regarding organization creation for undertaking Corporate Social Responsibility activities. Though section 8 company involves complicated legal procedures as well as high cost factor as compared to trust and society but still it is more preferred from the point of view of grant of subsidy by the government as well as from the point of view of Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) registration.ThesisItem Open Access A case study on solid waste management in Ludhiana city(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2015) Jain, Sanchit; Ramandeep SinghSolid waste holds the greatest potential as a source in countries. The rapid expansion of industry has led to increased urbanization and growing population. These factors have dramatically increased the amount of waste generated in India. This study presents an overview about the practices followed by Municipal Corporation in Ludhiana city so that the waste is effectively and efficiently managed. The study is descriptive and data was collected using a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 75 respondents. The respondents were taken on basis of systematic sampling technique from selected residential areas of Ludhiana City. The study includes the details relating to practices that are followed by Municipal Corporation so that the waste generating at a rapid pace in the city is effectively collected from the society and households. Further, study explain certain practices that household follow in their daily life routine to reduce the generation of wastage. Later, the findings of the study helps to know about the behaviour and thoughts of residents in consideration to the waste in the city and accordingly some remedial measures that can help people, society as well as managers in rapidly reducing the waste from the city making it clean and green are suggested.ThesisItem Open Access Occupational Stress among women working in Service Sector in Ludhiana(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2015) Surbhi; Goyal, PratibhaThe present study was conducted to find occupational stress among women employees from different sub-sectors in service sector in Ludhiana. It analyzed level of occupational stress and found the dominant factors of occupational stress among women employees from sub-sectors in service sector in Ludhiana. The study was conducted by selecting retail, banking, and medical sectors from service sector in Ludhiana. From each sector a sample of 50 women employees were selected on convenience basis making the total sample size of 150. Primary data was collected with the help of questionnaire containing likert scale based statements. The study showed that level of occupational stress is high among women employees from medical sector whereas it is low among employees from retail and banking sector. The study showed that dominant factors of occupational stress were work overload, work culture, role ambiguity, organizational justice, remuneration, leadership styles, job security, and transfer/shifts.