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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne enterolobii) of Guava(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2023-09) VIKAS RATHI; Dr. Kamal KhilariDEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, Thesis Title: “Studies on Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne enterolobii) of Guava” ABSTRACT Guava is a native of America and introduced into India during 17th century. Guava is cultivated worldwide due to its adaptability and survival ability in subtropical and tropical countries. India is the largest producer of the guava in the world with an area of 307 thousand hectare and production of 4516 thousand metric tonnes. In India, Uttar Pradesh has maximum production of guava 983.59 thousand tones and area 52.25 thousand hectare. In Uttar Pradesh, Allahabad is the largest producer of guava with maximum area under cultivation. Guava root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii is a newly emerging pest of guava. This study presents comprehensive research on various aspects of guava root-knot nematodes, including survey in major guava-growing districts, molecular characterization of the nematode species infesting guava, evaluations of novel nematicides and bio-agents, and integrated management strategies under controlled conditions. Survey was conducted in 17 districts of Western Uttar Pradesh to know the status of root knot nematode in the guava orchards. The survey results revealed that the L-49 guava variety is most common among farmers. Through survey incidence of guava root knot nematode was recorded ranging from 12 to 72 %. Whereas, prevalence was recorded from 40 to 90 % in the surveyed area. Nursery survey was also conducted in Meerut and Amroha district to know the status of nematode infestation in guava nurseries. On the basis of survey it was recorded that all the nurseries were infected by guava root knot nematode. Pathogenicity test was also conducted to test the role of M. enterolobii in cause root knot in guava. Through molecular characterization using ITS universal primers, confirmed the presence of M. enterolobii in surveyed samples, with high nucleotide homology. Commonly available varieties of guava were also tested to know the response against root knot nematode. All the tested varieties were found susceptible against root knot nematode. To know the host range 12 different hosts were also tested against guava root knot nematode. Out of 12 host 5 (Okra, Chilli, Cranberry, Lemon and Pear) were found as non host. A pot experiment was conducted to check the efficacy of bio-agents in which six bio-agents were applied. After 6 month of transplanting minimum (11.66 galls/5g of roots) were recorded in Trichoderma isolate S-13 and maximum (49.33 galls/5g of roots) were recorded in Pseudomonas fluorescens. Similarly after 9 months of transplanting minimum (21.66 galls/5g of roots) were recorded in Trichoderma isolate S-13 and maximum (66.00 galls/5g of roots0 were recorded in Pseudomonas fluorescens. A pot experiment was conducted to check the efficacy of nematicides in which three nematicides in two different doses were applied. After 6 and 9 months of transplanting fluopyram 34.48% SC was found very effective to control the M. enterolobii and Carbofuran 3% CG was found less effective. To check the efficacy of combinations of oil cakes and bio-agents a pot experiment was also conducted in which ten combinations were applied. After 6 months of transplanting minimum (28.66 galls/5g of roots) were recorded in Neem cake + Trichoderma whereas maximum (50.33 galls/5g of roots) were recorded in Mustard cake + Pseudomonas fluorescens. While after 9 months of transplanting minimum (38.33 galls/5g of roots) were recorded in Neem cake + Trichoderma and maximum (66.33 galls/5g of roots) were recorded in Mustard cake + Pseudomonas fluorescens. This research contributes valuable insights into the challenges posed by guava root-knot nematodes and provides potential solutions for mitigating their impact on guava cultivation in India. (Kamal Khilari) (Vikas Rathi) Advisor Author MEERUT - 250110 (U. P.), INDIA Name: Vikas Rathi I.D. No.: 5401 Batch: 2020-21 Degree: Ph. D. Plant Pathology Department: Plant Pathology Minor: Entomology Advisor: Dr. Kamal KhilariThesisItem Open Access SCREENING OF MUSTARD VARIETIES AGAINST MUSTARD APHID, Lipaphis erysimi (KALTENBACH) AND ITS ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2023-09) LINGUTLA GEETHANJALI; Dr. Hem SinghDEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT-250110 (U.P.) INDIA Name : LINGUTLA GEETHANJALI, Chairperson : Dr. HEM SINGH I.D. No : PG/A-5396/20 Professor Degree Program : Ph.D. (Entomology) Thesis title: Screening of Mustard Varieties against Mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) and its Eco-friendly Management. ABSTRACT An investigation titled “Screening of Mustard Varieties against Mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) and its Eco-friendly Management” was carried out in the Crop Research Centre (C.R.C.) of Sardar Vallabh bhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U.P. during Rabi, 2021-22 and 2022-23. Out of the twenty varieties screened, two were (PM-30, RH-749) highly resistant, ten were (PM-31, Tarak, Azad, Kranthi, Shivalik, Geetha, Varuna, RH-704, Pusa Jagannath, DRMP) graded into resistant and eight varieties (PM-28, PM-29, PM-22, Urvashi, Pusa Agrani, Pusa Mahak, Pusa Bold, Pusa Jai Kisan) exhibited moderately resistant reaction. Except chlorophyll content of leaves, none of the biophysical parameters (Leaf area Index, No. of branches per plant, No. of siliquae per plant, Pod length (cm), Plant height (cm)) has shown significant correlation with the intensity of aphid infestation. The aphid infested plants have shown reduced chlorophyll content which indicates the reduced rate of photosynthesis. Regarding the Biochemical Parameters, varieties which are having high amount of total phenols and total Glucosinolates have shown less aphid incidence and then resistant reaction. The total protein content too exhibited the same impact on intensity of aphid infestation. The insect-pest complex associated with the mustard crop includes Mustard sawfly, Mustard aphid, Cabbage butterfly, Painted bug and Green stink bug. Abiotic factors particularly temperature and relative humidity has shown significant impact on the insect-pest complex of mustard crop. Except Mustard aphid, the association of remaining pests with the mustard crop was very less but mustard aphid remained long period and reached to peak stage during 8th standard week with maximum aphid population of 121 aphid/plant. On the other hand, coccinellid predators were found from 49th standard week, with the peak population of 12.6 beetle/plant during 10th standard week. Dimethoate @ 625 ml/ha has proven as the best treatment in suppressing aphid population followed by Imidacloprid @ 200 ml/ha and Thiamethoxam @ 50 gm/ha. In case of non-chemical insecticides, Verticillium lecanii @ 1 lit/ha and Neem oil @ 1.5 lit/ha were on par with each other followed by Beauveria bassiana @ 2 kg/ha. ICBR (Incremental Cost Benefit Ratio) was highest (6.28) from Dimethoate @ 625 ml/ha treatment and lowest (2.54) from Beauveria bassiana @ 2 kg/ha. treatment. It was 5.53, 5.77, 3.23 and 3.22 for Imidacloprid @ 200 ml/ha, Thiamethoxam @ 50 gm/ha, Neem oil @ 1.5 lit/ha and Verticillium lecanii @ 1 lit/ha respectively. (Dr. Hem Singh) (Lingutla Geethanjali) Advisor AuthorThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON VARIETAL SCREENING AND ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF GRAM POD BORER, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) IN CHICKPEA(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2023-09) BHUPENDRA SINGH; Dr. Hem SinghThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON BIOEFFICACY OF SOME CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES AND BIOPESTICIDES AGAINST RICE YELLOW STEM BORER, Scirpophaga incertulas (WALKER) AND RICE LEAF FOLDER, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (GUENEE) IN(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021-11) ANKUR PRAKASH VERMA; Dr. Hem SinghAbstract Name of Student: Ankur Prakash Verma Id. No.: 4245 Major: Entomology Minor: Plant Pathology Degree: Ph.D. (Entomology) Department: Entomology Name of Advisor: Dr. Hem Singh Thesis Title: “Studies on bioefficacy of some chemical insecticides and biopesticides against Rice yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) and Rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) in basmati rice” The present investigation entitled “Studies on bioefficacy of some chemical insecticides and biopesticides against Rice yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) and Rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) in basmati rice” was carried out at Crop Research Centre (CRC) of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut during Kharif, 2019 and 2020. During the crop season of both the year, eleven insects were majorly observed. Among these most damaging insect-pests were rice yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas and rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. According to pooled analysis of 2019 and 2020, the infestation by rice yellow stem borer was highest during 32nd SW i.e. 9.17% dead hearts while the lowest infestation was found during 29th SW i.e. 2.06% dead hearts. The infestation was non-significant positively correlated with minimum temperature (0.439) and average relative humidity (0.457) while non-significant negative with maximum temperature (-0.215) and rainfall (-0.210). The infestation by rice leaf folder was maximum during 34th SW with average leaf damage of 7.95% while the minimum was observed during 40th SW with 0.84% leaf damage. The infestation was significantly positively correlated with the minimum temperature (0.572) while non-significant positive with average relative humidity (0.438). Maximum temperature (-0.072) and rainfall (-0.077) showed non-significant negative correlation. Effect of various treatment application against yellow stem borer and leaf folder revealed that Fipronil 0.3 G @ 75 g a.i./ha. was the most effective treatment while Neem oil- Azadirachtin 0.03% w/w 300 ppm was the least effective during both the years. The application of different treatments does not cause any significant damage to the spiders and coccinellids population. Although Neem based biopesticides were most favourable to the natural enemies population. Highest yield was obtained from the Fipronil 0.3 G @ 75 g a.i./ha. (50.89 q/ha.) treated plots while the lowest was recorded on Neem oil- Azadirachtin 0.03% w/w 300 ppm (41.67 q/ha.) treated plots. As per the studies, the granular insecticides viz. Fipronil 0.3 G (1:3.42) and Cartap hydrochloride 4 G (1:3.35) were the most cost-effective treatment among all other treatments. (Hem Singh) (Ankur Prakash Verma) Advisor AuthorThesisItem Open Access SOIL CHARACTERIZATION OF MEERUT DISTRICT UNDER DIFFERENT CROPPING SYSTEM(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021-12) VIPIN KUMAR; Dr. Satendra KumarName: Vipin Kumar Id. No.: 2217 Major: Soil Science & Agricultural chemistry Minor: Agronomy Year of admission: 2018-19 Degree Programme: Ph.D. (Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry) Thesis title “Soil characterization of Meerut district under different cropping system” Advisor: Dr. Satendra Kumar, Professor, Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry ABSTRACT A depth-wise surface (0-15 cm) and subsurface (15-30 cm) soil sample were collected from five cropping systems at different locations to evaluate the Soil characterization of the Meerut district under different cropping systems. The area is situated at a latitude of 29o 40′ North and longitude of 77o 42′ East with an elevation of 237 m above mean sea level. The soil samples were analyzed to find the physico-chemical properties like Soil texture, bulk density, particle density, the porosity of soil sample, pH E C, Organic carbon total nitrogen, macro - micronutrient and isolation of Azotobacter in the different cropping systems. The soil of this area was well-drained, sandy loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction low in available nitrogen, sulfur, while the medium in available phosphorus, potassium micronutrient with a normal electrical conductivity < 1 dS m-1. The organic carbon content in the soil decline with soil depth. Organic carbon was positively correlated with the available nitrogen, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, available potassium, available sulfur and available micronutrient but negatively correlated with the bulk density and particle density all over the cropping system surface and subsurface soil in different locations. Most of the soils of the study area are characterized low-medium categories in fertility index for N, P and K at the surface, while at subsurface characterized as low-medium-medium. The total N content of soil samples is found as high at the surface while low to medium at the subsurface. Available P content of the soil samples is found as a medium at the surface while low to medium at subsurface. Available K content of the soil samples is found as a medium at the surface while low to medium at subsurface. Available sulfur was low range <14.34 kg ha-1 at surface and subsurface in all cropping systems. The soils are sufficient in available micronutrients. In sugarcane -ratoon -sugarcane cropping system was more in organic carbon content (0.40 percent at the surface and 0.32 percent at subsurface), total nitrogen (3221.47 kg ha-1 at the surface and 2087.60 kg ha-1 at subsurface) and available nitrogen (223.82 kg ha-1 at the surface and 145.98 kg ha-1 at subsurface) compression to another cropping system. The phosphorous ranged (25.81 kg ha-1 at surface and 17.52 kg ha-1 at subsurface) was high in rice - pea - sugarcane cropping system and micronutrient was also high in this cropping system compression to another cropping system. The sulfur content was high (15.52 kg ha-1 at the surface and 11.27 kg ha-1 at the subsurface) in the sugarcane - ratoon - mustard cropping system. The number of colonies of Azotobacter appears more in the sugarcane ratoon cropping system compare to another cropping system. (Satendra Kumar) (Vipin Kumar) Advisor AuthorThesisItem Open Access Application Effect of Micronutrients in Conjunction with FYM on Availability of Nutrients in Soil and Growth Performance of Late Sown Wheat(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021) RAHUL INDAR NAVSARE; Dr. S. P. SINGHABSTRACT Name : Rahul Indar Navsare Id No : 4349 Year of admission : 2018-19 Degree : Ph.D. SSAC Major : Soil Science & Agril. Chemistry Minor : Agronomy Thesis title : “Application effect of micronutrients in conjunction with FYM on Availability of nutrients in soil and growth performance of late sown wheat” Advisor : Dr. S. P. Singh, Associate professor, Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Degree Awarding : Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut – 250110. University The present investigation was conducted on wheat in winter (Rabi) season for two consecutive years (2018-19 and 2019-20) at the Crop Research Centre, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut -250110. The soil of experimental field was sandy loam in texture and slightly alkaline in reaction. The soil was low in available nitrogen, medium in phosphorus, potassium, DTPA extractable zinc, manganese and iron. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 3 replication and 9 treatments. The treatments consisted T1: control, T2: RDF 80:40:40 NPK kg ha-1, T3: RDF + Zn @ 5.0 kg ha-1, T4: RDF + Fe @ 5.0 kg ha-1, T5: RDF + Mn @ 5.0 kg ha-1, T6: RDF + 5 ton FYM ha-1, T7: RDF + Zn @ 5.0 kg ha-1 + 5 ton FYM ha-1, T8: RDF + Fe @ 5.0 kg ha-1 + 5 ton FYM ha-1 and T9: RDF + Mn @ 5.0 kg ha-1 + 5 ton FYM ha-1. The wheat cultivar (DBW-71) was sown with a seed rate 120 kg ha-1. Split dose of N, full dose of P, K and soil application of Zn, Mn and Fe at the time of sowing. FYM was applied 15 days before sowing according to treatments. All the growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrient content and their uptake, available nutrient status in soil and economic feasibility were assessed during experiments. The findings of experiments revealed that the growth parameters like plant height, number of tillers per m-2, dry matter accumulation and yield attributes i.e. spike length, spikelet per spike, no. of grain per spike, 1000 grain weight and yield of grain and straw was registered maximum with application of T7 (RDF + Zn @ 5.0 kg ha-1 + 5 ton FYM ha-1) followed by T8 (RDF + Fe @ 5.0 kg ha-1 + 5 ton FYM ha-1) and T9 (RDF + Mn @ 5.0 kg ha-1 + 5 ton FYM ha-1). The content and uptake of nutrients was improved with the combined application of micronutrients along with FYM and RDF. Soil fertility level in respect to applied nutrients and other chemical properties of soil was improved with the soil application of zinc, iron and manganese along with FYM and RDF. The highest net return and B:C ratio were obtained in T7. Thus, balanced nutrients application through micronutrients along with organic manure and recommended dose of fertilizers is found to be better in improving the every aspect of wheat cultivation including the soil fertility. (S. P. Singh) (Rahul Indar Navsare) Advisor AuthorThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF BROWN SPOT DISEASE CAUSED BY Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de haan) Shoemaker IN BASMATI RICE(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021) H. SHANMUKHA VISWANATH; Dr. Ramji SinghDEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT-250110 (U.P.) INDIA Name:H. S.Viswanath Advisor: Dr. Ramji Singh I.D. No: 4343 Professor Degree programme: Ph.D. Thesis title: Studies on epidemiology and management of brown spot disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de haan) Shoemaker in basmati rice ABSTRACT Rice (Oryza sativa L.) which belongs to family Poaceae (Gramineae) is one of the ‘big three’ cereals and principal food for 60 per cent of the world’s population.Brown spot disease of rice (Bipolari soryzae )is responsible for heavy infection which significantly reduces the number of tillers & grains and lowers the quality and weight of individual grains resulting in a yield loss of 30-43 per cent. The present study was undertaken to study the influence of weather factors on progress of disease, screening of basmati rice varieties for resistance against brown spot and evaluation of different management practices against brown spot disease. Physiological and biochemical characterization of seventeen basmati varieties and also those plants provided with different treatments for disease management were also performed and correlated with resistance to brown spot. In addition, evaluation of different chemical and bio-fungicides were also performed in vitro against the mycelial growth of causal pathogen. It was found that increase in the age of the crop, decrease in maximum and minimum temperatures, increase in morning and afternoon relative humidities at the end of crop seasons followed by intermittent drizzles had great impact on the progression of brown leaf spot disease in rice. It was found that none of the varieties screened were found resistant against brown spot disease. However, varieties viz.Improved Pusa basmati-1, Type-3, Pusa basmati-1612, Pusa basmati-1718, Pusa basmati-1637, Pusa basmati-1509, Basmati-370 and CSR-30 were found to be moderately resistant. Varieties Vallabh basmati-21, Taroari basmati, Pant basmati-2, Pusa basmati 1609 and Basmati 386 were found to be moderately susceptible and varieties viz. Punjab basmati-5, Pant basmati-1, Basmati -564 and Pusa Basmati 1121 were found to be susceptible against brown spot disease. Application of certain chemicals viz. foliar application of fungicides viz. NATIVO (Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole), SAAF (Mancozeb+ Carbendazim), Mancozeb and silicon-based fertilizer i.e., Orthosilicic acid either as foliar spray or through irrigation or in combination can be highly effective in reducing the disease under field conditions. Seedling root dip with efficient bio-agents and foliar application of neem oil were also found effective in reducing the percent disease index, grain discoloration and chaffiness besides increase in grain yield and harvest index. Integration of all the above practices as a holistic approach can help in achieving sustainable disease management. The high amounts of total chlorophyll, soluble protein, phenol, non-reducing sugars, mineral nutrients like potassium, iron and calcium present in the leaves were found to be responsible for resistance against brown spot disease. In-vitro evaluation of chemical and bio-fungicides against radial mycelia growth of the pathogen showed that highest inhibitionof radial mycelial growth was exhibited by TILT (Propiconazole) followed by NATIVO (Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole) which were found highly effective even at low concentrations after 6 days of inoculation in vitro. Plant based natural product i.e., Neem oil at 3 percent concentration was found highly effective in inhibiting the growth of the pathogen in-vitro. H. S. Viswanath Dr. Ramji SinghThesisItem Open Access Studies on induced biochemical changes and management of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola) in rice crop(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2020-12) ABHISHEK KUMAR; Dr. Kamal KhilariDEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT - 250110 (U. P.), INDIA Thesis Title: “Studies on induced biochemical changes and management of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola) in rice crop” ABSTRACT Root knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola) has been reported as a serious pest of paddy, especially in light soil and irrigated upland condition. It causes damage to nurseries and main field. The main characteristic symptoms produced by M. graminicola are terminal hook shaped or spiral galls on the roots and above ground includes patches of stunted and yellowish plants in field. Survey was conducted during 2019 in different blocks of Meerut district to find out the disease incidence and infestation of root-knot nematode in rice field at nursery stage. Maximum 70.83 % prevalence and 58.33% incidence of root knot nematode was observed in Daurla block followed by 66.66% prevalence in Meerut. Minimum 5.26 % prevalence and 2.10% incidence of root knot nematode disease was recorded in Kharkhoda block. Twenty basmati rice varieties were screened against rice root knot nematode under pot condition. Out of twenty basmati varieties, four varieties viz; Pusa basmati 1121, Vallabh basmati -22, Pusa basmati-1509, Vallabh basmati-23 showed susceptible reaction and rest sixteen varieties shown moderately susceptible reaction against rice root-knot nematode. For management of rice root knot nematode, use of chemicals is becoming more expensive and undesirable due to environmental hazards. Use of bio control agents coupled with organic amendments is an eco-friendly, sustainable and economically feasible method of pest and disease management. Hence in present study, experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of different bio-control agents against root knot nematode. in this regard induction of systemic resistance against root knot nematode in rice plant after application of bioagents was also studied. Result revealed that higher accumulation of total phenol (2.36 μg catechol mg-1 protein), peroxidase (6.23), polyphenyloxidase (PPO) (3.48) change in absorbance min-1 mg-1 protein and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) 33.43 nmol transcinnamic acid m-1 mg-1 protein was recorded in induction of Trichoderma isolate S13 @ 5 g /kg of soil at 21th days after inoculation of M.graminicola. Through In vitro study the efficacy culture filtrate of selected bio-agents was tested on larval mortality and egg hatching of M. graminicola. Among all the bioagents, Trichoderma isolate S-13 was found more effective with 90.00% larval mortality and 48.33% egg hatching at 50 % concentration at 72 hours after inoculation. Whereas in control larval mortality 1.67% and egg hatching 88.33% was recorded at 72 hours. Pot experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of selected bio-agents on management of root knot nematode and plant growth parameter of rice plant. On the basis of two years observations, minimum (7.89 and 6.00) galls/plant and maximum (71.78 cm, 65.00 cm) shoot length were recorded at 60 DAS in case of Trichoderma isolates S7 when applied @ 5g/kg of soil. Field experiments were conducted during 2019 and 2020 to see the efficacy of bioagents in the management of root knot nematode. Minimum (17.89 and 26.56) galls /plants, maximum shoot length (99.00 cm & 134.33cm) and maximum yield (16.33 and 21.87 q/ha) were recorded in case of soil application of FYM @ 1kg/m2+Trichoderma isolates S13 @ 10g/m2 in years 2019 and 2020, respectively at 60 days after transplanting. On the basis of present study, it has been observed that Trichoderma isolate S13 is performing well in the management of rice root knot nematode. It may be a better component of integrated management program for rice root knot nematode management. Name: Abhishek Kumar I.D. No.: 2995 Batch: 2017-18 Degree: Ph. D. Department: Plant Pathology Advisor: Dr. Kamal Khilari Kamal Khilari (Advisor) Abhishek Kumar (Author)ThesisItem Open Access Development of integrated disease management modules for major fungal disease of Basmati rice and fungicide residue analysis(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2020-12) GAURAV KUMAR YADAV; Dr. Ramesh SinghDEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT - 250110 (U. P.), INDIA Name: Gaurav Kumar Yadav Advisor: Dr. Ramesh Singh Id. No. 3986 Assoc. Professor Degree Programme: Ph.D. Department of Plant Pathology Thesis title: “Development of integrated disease management modules for major fungal disease of Basmati rice and fungicide residue analysis” ABSTRACT Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the world’s most important crop and considered as a staple food for more than half of the world’s population. Rice is affected by many fungal, bacterial, viral and nematode diseases. Among them, blast, brown spot and sheath blight disease are the most frequent and ferocious fungal diseases were observed in western U.P. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to development an integrated management module against major fungal diseases of Basmati rice with the aim to ensure the food safety. For this purpose different fungicides, leaf extract and bio-agents were tested against M. grisea, B. oryzae and R. solani in vitro. The results revealed that, in case of fungicides maximum 87.41% mycelial growth inhibition of M. grisea was recorded in tricyclazole at 100 ppm concentration followed by 76.30% in propiconazole at 50 ppm. While, maximum mycelial growth inhibition of B. oryzae 57.04% was recorded in hexaconazole at 100 ppm followed by 51.10% in carbendazim at 50 ppm concentration. However, the maximum 68.15% mycelial growth inhibition of R. solani was recorded in propiconazole 100 ppm. In case of leaf extract, maximum 66.56%, 68.31% and 63.10% mycelium growth inhibition of M. grisea, B. oryzae and R. solani respectively was recorded in Bael leaf extract at 10% concentration. In case of Bio-agents, Pseudomonas fluorescens was found most effective compared to Trichoderma harzianum which inhibited 66.56% mycelial growth of M. grisea, 68.31% of B. oryzae and 63.10% of R. solani. The trial was conducted subsequently in year 2018-19 and 2019-20 for development of integrated disease management module in Basmati rice in field condition. 18 modules were evaluated and the result evinced that the maximum plant height 116.33 cm and 117.00 cm was recorded in module M2 and numbers of tillers 18.33 and 15.67 was recorded in module M1 during both consecutive years. The lowest disease intensity AUDPC of blast was recorded 382.20 and 348.90, brown spot 473.35 and 406.70, sheath blight 171.45 and 197.25 in module M6, M9 and M17 during 2018-19 and 2019-20 respectively. The maximum test weight was 29.91 g and 29.90 g while grain yield 43.69 q/ha and 40.06 q/ha was recorded in module M6 during both consecutive years. The investigations concerning the residues of fungicides in Basmati rice will help in generating information regarding the level of residue present in grains whether it is safe for consumption as per the guidelines of Codex Alimentarius, European Union Directives, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India. The fungicide residue analysis was done by using HPLC system. The minimum residue of carbendazim, tricyclazole, propiconazole, hexaconazole, isoprothiolane was 0.04 ppm, 0.97 ppm, 0.46 ppm, 0.05 ppm, 0.45 ppm and 0.03 ppm, 0.07 ppm, 0.31 ppm, 0.06 ppm, 0.43 ppm found in module M3, M7, M5, M4 and M7 respectively during both consecutive years. For confirmation of cultural and morphological identification of M. grisea, B. oryzae and R. solani, molecular characterization has been done by PCR amplification of ITS region of rDNA. PCR amplification of ITS region of genomic DNAs extracted from pathogens was done using the universal ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The ITS region of rDNAs of pathogens were amplifying PCR products of approximately ~600bp as estimated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR-amplified ITS region (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS4) of pathogens were sequenced. The sequence obtained were subjected to BLAST search for identify and confirmation, and subsequently submitted to National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Genebank. The accession number of sequence of ITS region of pathogens is MW287325.1, MW309505.1 and MW009705.1 of Magnaporthe grisea, Bipolaris oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani respectively. Ramesh Singh Gaurav Kumar Yadav (Advisor) (Author)
