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ThesisItem Open Access Morphological characterization for quantitative traits in Lentil [Lens culinaris Medik](SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT - 250 110 (U.P.), INDIA, 2023-07) AnantAbstract Name: Anant ID. No.: 5857 Semester & Year of admission: 2021-22 Degree: M.Sc. (Ag) GPB Major: Genetics and Plant Breeding Department: GPB Minor: Agricultural Biotechnology Advisor: Dr. Atar Singh Thesis Title: “Morphological characterization for quantitative traits in lentil [Lens culinaris (L.) Medik]” At the Crop Research Center of the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology Meerut, experiments were carried out to measure the genetic variability using 29 genotypes with three replications on various Rabi 2021 sowing dates. All traits under examination have a sizable degree of variability, according to the analysis of variance. For biological yield, high GCV and PCV were noted. Number of pods per plant, biological yield per plant, seed yield per plant, days to 50% flowering, number of branches per plant, harvest index, 100 seed weight, plant height, days to maturity, and number of seeds per pod were all associated with high genetic makeup. The number of branches per plant showed significant heritability together with strong genetic progress, indicating that direct selection for this characteristic may be advantageous and that heredity may be caused by additive gene effects. In all the studied traits, the magnitude of the genotypic correlation coefficients was greater than the phenotypic correlation coefficients. At both the genotypic and phenotypic levels, seed yield exhibited a positive and highly significant connection with plant height, the number of branches per plant, the number of pods per plant, biological yield, and harvest index. Path coefficient study revealed that among the numerous yield-contributing variables, biological yield, harvest index, and seed yield per plant were all directly related to seed yield and measured in days to 50% flowering. Selection based on these traits may increase grain yield per plant. D2 analysis with ten component characters produced four clusters. The two largest clusters, II and IV, included a total of 9 genotypes, making them the four clusters. Cluster III had three genotypes, while Custer I had eight. Cluster III experienced the most intra-cluster distance, whereas cluster IV experienced the smallest intra-cluster distance. Cluster I and Cluster III had the greatest intercluster distance, whereas Cluster II and Cluster IV had the smallest intercluster distance. Numerous genotypes that at the morphological level were dispersed in various groups suggested a higher level of genetic diversity. (Atar Singh) (Anant) (Advisor) (Author)ThesisItem Open Access Elucidation of Genetic Parameters, Trait association and Diversity Analysis in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss)(Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut - 250110, 2023-07) Shubham KumarABSTRACT Name : Shubham Kumar Id. No. : 3833 Major : Genetics and Plant Breeding Degree : M.Sc (Ag.) Department : Genetics and Plant Breeding Minor : Ag. Biotechnology Advisor : Dr. Mukesh Kumar Thesis title : “Elucidation of Genetic Parameters, Trait association and Diversity Analysis in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss).” The present investigation was carried out at Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, U.P during 2021-22 with 44 diverse genotypes of Indian mustard using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The observations were recorded on various characters viz; days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pod on main shoot, length of main shoot, pod length, number of seeds per pod, test weight, biological yield per plant, harvest index, oil content and grain yield per plant. Analysis of variance revealed substantial amount of variability for all fourteen characters. It indicates the wide spectrum of variability among the genotypes. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were greater than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). The phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was found to be high for number of secondary branches per plant, grain yield per plant and biological yield per plant. Moderate (10-20%) GCV and PCV was recorded for number of primary branches per plant, number of pod on main shoot, length of main shoot, pod length, number of seeds per pod, test weight and harvest index. It is interesting to note that the differences between GCV and PCV values were minimum implying least influence of environment. The characters grain yield per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index, plant height, number of seeds per pod and test weight revealed high heritability. Most of the characters viz., grain yield per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index, test weight, number of seeds per pod, number of pod on main shoot and number of primary branches per plant had shown high genetic advance as per cent mean. However, the direct selection of genotypes can be done through these characters for further improvement of genotypes. The characters grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, test weight, number of seeds per pod had shown high heritability coupled with high genetic advance in percent of mean. Highly significant and positive association was displayed by grain yield per plant with biological yield per plant, harvest index, number of secondary branches per plant, test weight, number of seeds per pod, number of pod on main shoot and pod length while positive significant association shown by number of primary branches per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic level. This could be because of linkage of genes determining these characters. The analysis of path emphasized that the characters viz., biological yield per plant, harvest index, number of primary branches per plant, oil content, number of pod on main shoot and days to 50% flowering showed positive and direct effect on seed yield at genotypic level and phenotypic level should be taken into consideration for formulating selection breeding programme in order to bring about improvement in the populations. Based on D2 values 44 genotypes were grouped into 7 clusters, maximum genotypes ten obtained in cluster II followed by cluster VII with nine genotypes, cluster I with seven genotypes, cluster IV and V with five genotypes each. The maximum intra cluster distance was recorded in cluster III while the cluster I showed minimum intra cluster distance. Genotypes belonging to cluster III (RGN-507, PDZ-14, PDZ-1 and PDZ-15) exhibited maximum genetic diversity within the cluster as compared to the genotypes belonging to other clusters. Hence, hybridization might be taken up among these genotypes (RGN-507, PDZ-14, PDZ-1 and PDZ-15) for obtaining desirable segregants for the yield and yield component traits. The maximum inter cluster distance was revealed between cluster II and IV, which shows the greater genetic divergence between the genotypes associated to these clusters and crosses involving genotypes like RH-1934, PM-30, RH-1807, CS- 2005-143, RH- 1975, RH-1706, Varuna, LES-60, JC-36 and CS-54 of cluster II; RB-109, NPJ 252, Baum-21-1, SKM-1744 and SKM-1801 of cluster IV is recommended. Crosses within the above combinations are expected to provide enough genetic variability among the population in the segregating generations. Hence, selection of better plant type might be made for yield and yield component traits. High hybrid vigor for yield also can be obtained by involving genetically diverse genotypes in the crosses which might be useful in the development of hybrids in Mustard. (Mukesh Kumar) (Shubham Kumar) Advisor AuthorThesisItem Open Access Assessment of Agro-morphological performance and genetic parameters in rice (Oryza sativa L.)(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT - 250 110 (U.P.), INDIA, 2023) Kosh MahajanDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, (U.P.), India. Name- Ms. Kosh Mahajan Id. No.- PG/A - 3816/21 Degree- MSc.(Ag.) Genetics and Plant Breeding Department- GPB Major- Genetics and Plant Breeding Minor- Agricultural Biotechnology Thesis Title- “Assessment of Agro-morphological performance and genetic parameters in rice (Oryza sativa L.)” ABSTRACT An experiment was carried out with thirty genotypes to assess variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation, principal component analysis, path coefficient analysis and genetic divergence in rice during Kharif season 2022 at Technology Park of S.V.P.U.A.&T., Meerut. Observations were recorded for morphological traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, panicle length, grain per panicle, biological yield per plant, harvest index, test weight and grain yield per plant. Analysis of variance found significant differences for all ten traits studied in thirty rice genotypes, indicating sufficient variability among the material used in the present study. High GCV and PCV (>20%) were observed for number of effective tillers per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance percent of mean was observed by grain per panicle, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, biological yield per plant, panicle length, harvest index and grain yield per plant indicating that these traits are governed by additive gene effects and direct selection for this trait may be useful. Grain yield exhibited significant and positive correlation with test weight, plant height, grain per panicle, biological yield per plant, panicle length, number of effective tillers per plant and days to maturity at phenotypic as well as genotypic level indicating that these characters would be helpful in the genetic improvement. Genotypic correlation coefficients were of higher in magnitude than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients which might be due to masking or modifying effect of environment. The path analysis revealed that the traits biological yield per plant, harvest index, grain per panicle, test weight, panicle length, days to 50 % flowering, number of effective tillers per plant had high significant positive direct effect on yield. This could be considered as a good selection criteria for yield improvement. Thirty genotypes were divided into seven clusters. Cluster IV had the maximum intra-cluster distance. The maximum inter-cluster distance was found between cluster-VII and cluster III indicating a large genetic diversity. Thus, crossing between genotypes such as Pusa Basmati-1509, VB-21 and Sugandha-3 belonging to Cluster III and CSR-23 belonging to Cluster VII is suggested to get more heterotic populations and transgressive segregants in rice. Therefore, in future breeding programmes, the genotypes which possess the most valuable traits should be incorporated to develop early and high yielding varieties in rice. Dr. Pooran Chand Kosh Mahajan (Advisor) (Author)ThesisItem Open Access “Studies on Genetic Diversity of Non-Basmati Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Lines for Reproductive Stages Drought Stress”(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT - 250 110 (U.P.), INDIA, 2023-08) VikrantABSTRACT Name: Vikrant Id. No: 3723 Department: Genetics and Plant Breeding Degree: M.Sc. (Ag.) (GPB) Major: Genetics and Plant Breeding Minor: Ag. Biotechnology Advisor: Dr. L. K. Gangwar, Professor (GPB) Thesis title: “Studies on Genetic Diversity of Non-Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Lines for Reproductive Stage Drought Stress.” The present investigation comprised 53 genotypes of rice was carried out to analyze the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation, path coefficient and genetic divergence for 18 quantitative traits. The present study has shown that there is considerable variability in genotypes for all the traits. The genotypes with high mean values in desirable direction i.e., genotypes (CRR 635-254) 79.53 days (control condition) and (CRR 668-20) 84.07 days (stress condition) showed early flowering, the biological yield was more for (Narendra-57) 1148.23 g (control condition) and (Bhata Mahsuri Mutant-1) 2796.17 g (stress condition), the 1000 seed weight is more for (Kaley) 24.50 g (control condition) and in (Kaley) 23.70 g (stress condition), grain yield per plot is more for (NDR-359) 787.50 g (control condition) and in (NDR-359) 593.50 (stress condition). The estimates of PCV and GCV were high for characters number of unfilled grain per panicle, number of filled grain per panicle, total number of grains per panicle, biological yield per plot, harvest index (%), grain yield/plot (g) and was moderately observed in days to 50% Flowering, plant Height (cm), number of effective tillers per hills, flag leaf length (cm), flag leaf width (cm), 1000-seed weight (g), grain length (cm), grain width (cm). High heritability coupled with high GA indicates that most likely the heritability is due to the additive gene effect and selection may be effective for characters such as days to 50% flowering, plant height, flag leaf length, biological yield, test weight, and grain yield. In the character association studies correlation analysis has revealed that the following characters such as biological yield and harvest index have very strong correlation with grain yield. Path coefficient analysis of grain yield per plot and its contributing characters revealed that biological yield per plot had the highest positive direct effect on harvest index (%) followed by total number of grains per panicle and biological yield per plot for controlled and stress condition. The results of D2 analysis indicated the presence of high amount of genetic diversity among all genotypes studied. Cluster V consists of had recorded highest mean value for most of the characters like grain yield per plot, biological yield, days to 50% flowering, total number of grains per panicle and plant height. Hence selection of genotypes for immediate use may be beneficial. Out of 14 SSR primer pairs studied, all 14 markers showed successful PCR amplicons. Among 53 varieties following varieties show drought QTL’s - CR Dhan 300, CRR 759-11-B-1, MTU 1363, Gontra Bidhan-3, RYT 3936, RDR 1934, DRR Dhan 45, JR 12, BPT 3059, NVSR 2842, NDR 359, Co-51, Sahabhagi Dhan, Chirang Sub-1, Burma- B, Gomti Than. (Dr. L. K. Gangwar) Advisor (Vikrant) AuthorThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF INDIGENOUS PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST GRAM POD BORER, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) AND SPOTTED POD BORER, Maruca vitrata (Geyer) IN BLACKGRAM (Vigna mungo).(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT - 250 110 (U.P.), INDIA, 2023-08) Mohit TiwariABSTRACT Name: Mohit Tiwari ID. No.: 5855 Semester and Year of admission: I Sem., 2021-22 Degree: M. Sc. (Ag) Entomology Major: Entomology Department: Entomology Advisor: Dr. Gaje Singh Thesis Title: “Evaluation of Indigenous plant extracts against Gram Pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Geyer) in black gram (Vigna mungo)” The present investigation was performed at CRC, SVPUA&T Meerut 250110 (UP), during Kharif 2022 in RBD design with 3 replication and seven treatments to evaluate the efficacy of indigenous plant extract against H. armigera and M.vitrata in Blackgram. The seasonal incidence of H. armigera and M. vitrata was observed from 38th standard meteorological week (3rd week of September) upto 44th standard meteorological week (last week of October and first week of November). The maximum incidence of H. armigera and M. vitrata was observed during 40th standard meteorological week (2nd week of October) with 17.67 and 12.67 larvae per ten plants, respectively. The correlation of Gram pod borer was found positive with maximum temperature (r=0.074), minimum temperature (r=0.284) and evening relative humidity (r=0.230) and negative correlation with morning relative humidity (r=-0.122) and rainfall (r=-0.017). Spotted pod borer larval population was found as positively correlated with minimum temperature (r = 0.326), evening relative humidity (r = 0.333) and rainfall (r = 0.082) and negatively correlated with maximum temperature (r= -0.022) and with morning relative humidity (r= -0.067) during Kharif, 2022. Among all the indigenous plant extract the best effective treatment Neem oil 20ml/lit of water which reduced the larval population of H. armigera with 4.33, 3.67, 2.33 larvae per ten plant, followed by NSKE 50g/lit of water 5.33, 4.67, 3.67, NSKE+ Cow urine 50gm/lit of water 6.00, 5.00, 4.00, Bacillus thuringiensis 1.5kg/h 6.33, 5.67, 4.33, Agniastra 25ml/lit of water 6.67, 6.00, 5.00 and karanj oil 20ml/lit of water with 7.00, 6.67, 5.67 larvae per ten plants after 3,7 and 10 days of third spray, respectively. Similarly Neem oil 20ml/lit of water was best effective treatment against M. vitrata with 5.67, 4.67, 3.67 larvae per ten plant, after 3,7 and 10 days of third spray followed by NSKE 50g/lit of water 7.00, 6.00, 4.33, NSKE+ Cow urine 50gm/lit of water 7.33, 6.33, 5.67, Bacillus thuringiensis 1.5kg/h 7.67, 7.00, 6.00, Agniastra 25ml/lit of water 8.00, 7.33, 6.67 and karanj oil 20ml/lit of water with 8.67, 8.00, 7.00 larvae per ten plants after 3,7 and 10 days of third spray, respectively. Maximum larval population of H. armigera and M. vitrata was observed in untreated control plot with 11.00, 11.67, 12.67 and 15.33, 16.33, 17.67 larvae per ten plant at 3,7 and 10 days of third spray. Maximum pod infestation was also observed highest in untreated control Neem oil 20ml/lit of water was also found effective in minimizing the pod infestation by H. armigera and M. vitrata with 13.33 and 14.00 per cent, respectively. Maximum pod damage by H. armigera and M. vitrata was also observed from untreated control with 26.67 and 30.33, respectively. The highest grain yield was observed in Neem oil 20ml/lit of water 6.40q/ha followed by NSKE 50g/lit of water 6.0q/ha followed by by NSKE + Cow urine 50gm per lit of water Bacillus thuringiensis 1.5kg/h, Agniastra 25ml/lit of water, and karanj oil 20ml per lit of water with 5.85q/ha, 5.60q/ha, 5.35q/ha and 5.0q/ha, respectively. Lowest grain yield 2.0q/ha was taken from untreated control. The treatment neem oil 20ml/lit of water was found best with maximum returns , Rs 21040/ ha followed by Agniastra 25ml/lit of water, NSKE 50g/lit of water, Bacillus thuringiensis 1.5kg/ha, NSKE+cow urine 50g/lit of water and karanj oil 20ml/lit of water with Rs 20610/ha, Rs 20400/ha, Rs 19385/ha, Rs 18810/ha and Rs 12550/ha, respectively. Among all the treatments, the highest incremental cost benefit ratio was observed in Agniastra 25ml/lit water 1:13.74 followed by, Bacillus thuringiensis 1.5kg/h 1:4.43, NSKE50g/lit of water 1:3.40, NSKE+ cow urine 50g/lit of water 1:2.85 Neem oil 20ml/lit of water, 1:2.63 and karanj oil 20ml/lit of water 1:1.73. (Dr. Gaje Singh) (Mohit Tiwari) Advisor AuthorThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SEASONAL INCIDENCE AND ECO- FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF YELLOW STEM BORER, SCIRPOPHAGA INCERTULAS (WALKER) IN BASMATI RICE(Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut - 250110, 2023-07) Shudhanshu Baliyan; Dr. Hem SinghAbstract Name of Student: Shudhanshu Baliyan Id. No.: 3827 Major: Entomology Minor: Plant Pathology Degree: M.Sc. (Ag) Entomology Department: Entomology Name of Advisor: Dr. Hem Singh Thesis Title: “Studies on seasonal incidence and eco-friendly management of yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) in Basmati rice” The present investigation entitled “Studies on seasonal incidence and eco- friendly management of yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) in Basmati rice” was carried out at Crop Research Centre, Chirori, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut during Kharif, 2022. The incidence of yellow stem borer recorded as dead hearts and white ear heads ranged from 2.43 to 6.55 per cent. The incidence of yellow stem borer was reached highest (6.55 per cent dead hearts) during 37th standard week. The highest white ear heads infestation was 6 per cent recorded during 42th standard week. The incidence of yellow stem borer was a non-significant positive correlation with maximum temperature (r = 0.105), evening relative humidity (r = 0.411) and non-significant negative correlation with minimum temperature (r = -0.003), morning relative humidity (r = -0.242) and rainfall (r = - 0.155). During the Kharif 2022, Cartap hydrochloride 4 % G @ 20 kg/ha recorded the lowest infestation at 7th, 14th and 21st days after first application of treatments during Kharif, 2022. Eucalyptus oil @ 1 litre/ha was found to be the least effective treatment in comparison to others treatments. The highest yield was recorded from the plots treated with Cartap hydrochloride 4 % G @ 20 kg/ha which was recorded 46.5 q/ha yield during Kharif, 2022. The lowest yield was observed from the plots treated with Eucalyptus oil @ 1 litre/ha (40.8 q/ha). As far as incremental cost-benefit ratio is concerned the highest incremental cost benefit ratio was found with Cartap hydrochloride 4 % G @ 20 kg/ha (1: 5.69) treated plots while the least incremental cost benefit ratio was found with Eucalyptus oil @ 1 litre/ha (1: 0.06) treated plots. (Hem Singh) (Shudhanshu Baliyan) Advisor AuthorThesisItem Open Access Studies on Bio-efficacy of Botanicals and Bio-pesticides against yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) in Basmati Rice(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT - 250 110 (U.P.), INDIA, 2023) Mohd Salman; Dr. D.V. SinghName: Mohd Salman ID No. : PG/A-3805/21 Degree: M.Sc. (Ag.) Entomology Major: Entomology Advisor: Dr. D. V. Singh Minor: Plant Pathology Thesis Title: “Studies on Bio-efficacy of Botanicals and Bio-pesticides against yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) in Basmati Rice”. ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled as “Studies on Bio-efficacy of Botanicals and Bio-pesticides against Yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) in Basmati Rice” was conducted during Kharif, 2022 at the Crop Research Centre (CRC), Chirodi Farm of S.V.P. University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U.P., India. Studies on the incidence of rice stem borer showed that the per cent dead hearts were observed highest during 36th standard week as (8.00 %) during vegetative growth phase and per cent white ears were highest during 42th standard week as (6.48%) during reproductive growth phase of the crop. The correlation matrix indicated that there was a non-significant positive correlation with maximum temperature (r=0.1801), evening relative humidity (0.4120) and non-significant negative correlation with minimum temperature (r=-0.00183), morning relative humidity (r=-0.2193) and rainfall (r=-0.0454). Efficacy of different treatments viz, Cartap hydrochlorides 4% GR, Neem oil 3%, NSKE 5%, Beauveria bassiana 2×108 spores/ml, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), garlic extract 1% were found statistically superior over control in reducing the stem borer infestation and increasing the yield. The most effective treatment in reducing the stem borer infestation were Cartap hydrochloride 4%GR @ 20 kg/ha followed by Neem oil 3% @ 2.5 L/ha and NSKE 5% @ 25 kg/ha. Among biopesticides, Beauveria bassiana 2x108 @ 1.25 L/ha was found to be superior than Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) @ 1.5 kg/ha whereas among all the pesticidal treatments, garlic extract 1% @ 5 L/ha was found to be least effective. The highest grain yield (45.40 q/ha) was obtained from Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR @ 20 kg/ha whereas higher cost benefit ratio (1:8.75) was also obtained from Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR @ 20 kg/ha, among all the treatments The lowest yield (38.10 q/ha) was obtained from garlic extract 1% @ 5lit/ha with lowest cost benefit ratio was also calculated from garlic extract 1% @ 5lit/ha with (1:2.90). Among all the treatments, Cartap hydrochloride 4% Gr @ 20 kg/ha, and Neem oil 3% were found to be more effective as compared to other treatments for the control of S. incertulas, yellow stem borer. (D.V. Singh) (Mohd Salman) Advisor AuthorThesisItem Open Access Molecular Detection of Lumpy Skin Disease Viruses and Development of ITK Based Herbal Therapy(Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut - 250110, 2023-08) VikrantAbstract Name of Student: Vikrant Id. No.: PG/A- 3573/21 Major: Entomology Minor: Plant Pathology Degree: M.Sc. (Ag) Entomology Department: Entomology Name of Advisor: Dr. Gaje Singh Thesis Title: “Studies on granular insecticides against yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) and leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) in Basmati rice” The present investigation carried out at Crop Research Center, Chirori, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut -250110 (U.P.), India in order to evaluate the different insecticides against yellow stem borer and leaf folder in basmati rice. The infestation of S. incertulas and C. medinalis was recorded one day before application, seven, fourteen and twenty-one days after first and second application. The infestation of S. incertulas was recorded lowest in the plot treated with Virtako 0.5% w/w GR @6 kg/ha is (3.05% DH) and (2.45% WEH) followed by Ferterra 0.4% w/w GR @10 kg/ha (3.45% DH) and (2.80% WEH), Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR @18 kg/ha (4.03% DH) and (3.40% WEH), Cartap hydrochloride 50 SP @1 kg/ha (4.50% DH) and (3.90% WEH), Fipronil 0.6% w/w GR @15 kg/ha (4.90% DH) and (4.40% WEH) and Thiamethoxam (0.9%) + Fipronil (0.2%) GR @12 kg/ha (5.26% DH) and (4.80% WEH), respectively. The infestation of C. medinalis was recorded lowest as 3.10 and 2.20 per cent in the plot treated with Ferterra 0.4% w/w GR @10 kg/ha after first and second application followed by Virtako 0.5% w/w GR @6 kg/ha 3.35 and 2.35, Cartap hydrochloride 50 SP @1 kg/ha 4.05 and 2.95, Fipronil 0.6% w/w GR @15 kg/ha 4.30 and 3.60, Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR @18 kg/ha 4.48 and 3.85 and Thiamethoxam (0.9%) + Fipronil (0.2%) GR @12 kg/ha 4.73 and 4.40 per cent, respectively. Among all the treatments Ferterra 0.4% w/w GR @10 kg/ha was found safer with maximum mean population of spiders after first (2.70) and second (2.30) application followed by Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR @18 kg/ha 2.58 and 2.24, Fipronil 0.6% w/w GR @15 kg/ha 2.38 and 2.10, Thiamethoxam (0.9%) + Fipronil (0.2%) GR @12 kg/ha 1.95 and 2.0, Virtako 0.5% w/w GR @6 kg/ha 1.30 and 1.12 and Cartap hydrochloride 50 SP @1 kg/ha 1.24 and 0.98, respectively. Virtako 0.5% w/w GR @6 kg/ha treated plots gave maximum yield (47.80 q/ha), net profit (Rs 20284/ha) and highest cost benefit ratio (1: 5.55) and followed by Ferterra 0.4% w/w GR @10 kg/ha, yield (47.20 q/ha), net profit (Rs 17970/ha) and cost benefit ratio (1:4.40), and all other treatments. But Virtako 0.5% w/w GR @ 6 kg/ha shows the superiority in incremental cost-benefit ratio than Ferterra 0.4% w/w GR @10 kg/h. (Dr. Gaje Singh) (Vikrant) Advisor AuthorThesisItem Open Access Molecular Detection of Lumpy Skin Disease Viruses and Development of ITK Based Herbal Therapy(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT - 250 110 (U.P.), INDIA, 2023-07) SAUMYA JAISWAL
