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ThesisItem Open Access Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm Under Direct Sown Condition(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2019) Shivani Ahlawat; Dr. Pooran ChandABSTRACT Name : Shivani Ahlawat Id. No. : 4840 Department : Genetics and Plant Breeding Degree : M.Sc. (Ag.) (GPB) Major : Genetics and Plant Breeding Minor : Ag. Biotechnology Advisor : Dr. Pooran Chand, Professor (GPB) Thesis title : Morphological and Molecular Characterization of rice (oryza sativa L.) germplasm under direct sown condition. An experiment was carried out to assess genetic diversity at Morphological level and at DNA level for yield and its contributing characters in 25 rice genotypes at Technology Park, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, (U.P.) in Randomized Block Design with 3 replications during Rabi 2019. Analysis of variance revealed substantial amount of variability among the genotypes for all the characters under study. The estimates of PCV in all the traits studied were greater than those of the GCV. Considering heritability, most of the characters showed high values. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance (as % mean) were recorded (>30%) for biological yield per plant (97.98) followed by harvest index (69.42), grain per panicle (54.05), panicle length (33.05), plant height (31.27), no. of tillers per plant (31.16). showing that heritability might be to additive gene effects and direct selection for these traits may be successful. Genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients in most of the traits under study. Path coefficient analysis showed that among the different yield contributing characters Seed filling period direct effect showed indirect positive effect via day to maturity, days to 50% flowering and plant height had positive and direct effect on grain yield per plant. The distribution pattern of genotypes in different clusters was random. The highest numbers of genotypes were founded in cluster II (six). The inter-cluster distance was greater than intra-cluster distances in revealing considerable amount of genetic diversity among the genotypes studied. The intra-cluster was maximum in cluster III reveals maximum genetic diversity followed by cluster VI The inter-cluster values of the six clusters revealed that maximum inter-cluster generalized distance was between cluster I and cluster VI exhibited maximum divergence followed cluster III and VI While, the lowest was between cluster II and cluster VI. Genotypes from the same geographical region fell into different clusters and vice- versa. This suggested that selection of parents for hybridization should be on genetic diversity rather than on the geographical areas. In present study, a total of 15 primers of SSR markers were evaluated for their efficiency of polymorphism across 25 improved varieties of rice in which a total 6 polymorphic band and 2 monomorphic band were obtained with an average of 1.33 bands per primers. The approximately product size ranges from 200 bp (HvSSR01-32) to 350 bp (HvSSR01-41), the PIC value ranged from the minimum value 0.1536 for primer (HvSSR01-53) to maximum value 0.8704 for the primer (HvSSR02-50), with an average value of 0.5008 for all polymorphic SSR primers. The resolving power of 6 polymorphic SSR primers varies from 0.1296 (HvSSR02-50) to 0.8464 (HvSSR01-53) with an average value of 0.4992. Significant genetic variation was found among all the genotypes with Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranging from 0.038 to 1.00. Dendrogram based on SSR marker analysis grouped the genotypes into two major clusters and two sub clusters and so on. These markers are valid and will make a contribution to the studies in diploid rice (oryza sativa L.) (Dr.Pooran Chand) (Shivani ahlawat) Advisor AuthorThesisItem Open Access PROFITABILITY, PRODUCTIVITY AND NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY OF DOUBLE ZERO INDIAN MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L.) AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT NUTRIENTS(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2019) Gajjela Indira; Dr. R.B. YadavABSTRACT Name: Gajjela Indira Id No: 4819 Year of admission: 2019 Degree: M.Sc. (Ag) Major: Agronomy with minor in Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Department: Agronomy Advisor: Dr. R.B. Yadav Thesis Title: Profitability, productivity and nutrient use efficiency of Double Zero Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) as influenced by different nutrients” A field experiment entitled “Profitability, productivity and nutrient use efficiency of Double Zero Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) as influenced by different nutrients” was conducted at Crop Research Centre, SVPUAT, Modipuram, Meerut. The experiment comprised of 12 treatments of various nutrient combinations and were tested in Randomised Block Design (RBD). The treatments comprised of Control (T1), 100% N (T2), 100% NP (T3), 100% NPK (T4), 125%NPK (T5), 100% NPK+ S@40kg ha-1 (T6), 100%NPK+ Zn@5kg ha-1 (T7), 100%NPK + B@1kg ha-1 (T8), 75% NPK+ VC@ 2t ha-1 (T9), 75%NPK+FYM@ 6t ha-1 (T10), 75%NPK + VC@ 2t ha-1+ Azotobacter (T11) and 75% NPK + FYM@6t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T12). Indian mustard cultivar Pusa Mustard 31(PDZM -31) was grown during winter (rabi) season of 2020-21 with a view to compare the production potential under different nutrient management practices and also to find out the economic viability of this cultivar for soil quality. Results revealed that treatment T11 (75% NPK + VC@2t ha-1 + Azotobacter) and T12 (75% NPK + FYM@6t ha-1 + Azotobacter) exhibited significant influence on the growth, yield attributes and yields of mustard as compared to the application of 100% NPK alone. Significant improvement in growth parameters viz. plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation as well as crop growth rate, relative growth rate, yield attributes and yields was recorded with the application of T11 and T12.The maximum gross return was obtained in T12 followed by T11 The highest net return was obtained in T5 followed by T12, T6 and T11, while minimum gross return and net return was obtained in T1. Application of 75% NPK + FYM@6t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T12) and 75%NPK + VC@ 2t ha-1+ Azotobacter (T11) recorded higher gross return and net return but the B:C ratio was lower due to higher cost of vermicompost. Highest B: C ratio (4.23) was obtained in T6 and T5. It can be concluded that to obtain higher seed yield of Indian mustard cv. Pusa Mustard 31 and sustain soil health, the application of 75% NPK + FYM@ 6t ha-1 + Azotobacter will be most beneficial followed by 75%NPK + VC@ 2t ha-1+ Azotobacter and 100% NPK+ S@40kg ha-1. (R.B. Yadav) (Gajjela Indira)ThesisItem Open Access Molecular characterization of Brown Planthopper resistant gene in rice (Oryza sativa L.)(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2019-07) Monika; Dr. Pushpendra KumarABSTRACT Name of the student Mrs. Monika ID. No. 3423 Degree Ph. D Agricultural Biotechnology Department Agricultural Biotechnology Thesis title Molecular characterization of Brown Plant Hopper resistance genes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Advisor Dr. Pushpendra Kumar Degree awarded University Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a primary staple food crop for billions of people worldwide. India has the biggest area under rice cultivation, as it is one of the principal food crops. However, production of this crop is greatly hampered by several biotic and abiotic factors. Among the biotic factors Brown Plant Hopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) is considered as one of the most important insect pest in rice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 17 rice genotypes at morphological, physiological, biochemical and at molecular level under BPH stress along with expression analysis of three gene viz. PR6, PR9 and AOS gene. In the present study it was observed that BPH stress cause significant morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in rice. Various morphological parameters like plant height, flag leaf area, spikelet fertility, spikelet per panicle and 1000-grain weight are significantly decreased after BPH stress. Physiological and biochemical parameters like chlorophyll content, phenolic compounds both are decreased due to BPH infestation. The studied rice germplasm were characterized at molecular level using 14 SSR markers. The Jaccard coefficient values for all the 17 rice genotype ranged from 0.25 to 0.87. The minimum similarity recorded by genotype Kasturi and PTB-33, whereas the maximum similarity was shown between Vallabh Basmati-24 and Vallabh Basmati-22. The result shows very high expression values of genes viz. PR6, PR9 and AOS, after BPH infestation in four rice varieties i.e Pitambi-33, Kasturi, Pusa Basmati-1 and REMRE-1, as compare to control. Identified resistant rice varieties can be used as donor line for further breeding program. Chemical control measures were used earlier as effective means to control BPH which are not eco-friendly and pose toxicity to certain extent. The donor rice varieties identified in the study will serve as source of BPH resistant genes and provide more eco-friendly approach to control BPH. (Pushpendra Kumar) (Monika)ThesisItem Open Access Studies on wilt associated disease causing fungal pathogens of chickpea and their management(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2018-02) SATISH CHAND ID. NO. - 2685; Dr. Kamal KhilariDEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT-250110 (U.P.) INDIA Name: Satish Chand Advisor: Dr. Kamal Khilari Id. No: 2685 Professor Degree Programme: Ph.D. Department of Plant Pathology Thesis Title: “Studies on wilt associated disease causing fungal pathogens of chickpea their management” ABSTRACT Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is annual legume (pulse crop) that is extensively cultivated for human consumption throughout the world, including the Mediterranean basin, the Near, Central and South Asia, East Africa, South North America, and Australia. The chickpea crop is attacked by 172 pathogens (67 fungi, 22 viruses, 3 bacteria, 80 nematodes) from all over the world. Among all, some of the serious diseases in order of their importance are fusarium wilt causing pathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, collar rot Sclerotium rolfsii and stem rot Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of chickpea. In present study, survey of chickpea field was conducted in western Utter Pradesh. During survey it was observed that maximum disease incidence was recorded in Bareilly district 13.55% followed by Mathura 10.33%. A laboratory experiment was conducted with a view to select suitable fungicides against F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by using poison food techniques. Fungicide cabendazim 50%WP, Azoxystrobin 25% WG and Propiconazol 25% EC, given 100% inhibition of mycelial growth all three tested pathogens at 50, 75 and 100 ppm concentration. Efficacy of bio agent and plant extract were evaluated against. F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, collar rot Sclerotium rolfsii and stem rot Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of chickpea. The bio agent Trichoderma harzinium was recorded (62.06%), Parthenium leaf extract 10 % (38.19%) mycelium growth inhibition of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. In case of Sclerotium rolfsi Trichoderma harzinium was recorded (74.11%), Bael leaf extract 10 % (57.77%) mycelium growth inhibition. Where as, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Pseudomonas fluorescens were recorded (77.74 %), Bael leaf extract 10% (68.88%) mycelium growth inhibition. In vitro effect of different temperature on redial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were studied. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and Sclerotium rolfsii were produced maximum redial growth at 26°C temperature. Where as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was produced maximum redial growth at 24°C temperature .Effect of different culture media were observed on fungal mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The maximum mycelial growth were recorded on Potato dextrose agar medium.Effect of different date of sowing on plant growth parameter and wilt disease incidence of chickpea.The maximum seed germination (97.81%) and minimum disease incidence 11.25%, 13.88% were recorded at 30 and 60 days in pot sown on 22th November and it also increase growth parameter of chickpea. Occurrence of wilt disease was observed at vegetative, preblooming and maturation stage of chickpea. Among all three stage minimum disease incidence were recorded at maturation stage Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (26.72%) Sclerotium rolfsii (26.72%) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (11.74%) disease incidence. Bio agents, plant extract, essential oil and organic amendment were tested on plant growth parameter and wilt disease of chickpea in field condition. Among the all treatments, soil application with T. harzianum (1X 108 CFU) @ 5 kg with vermicompost 100 kg /ha was recorded the minimum disease incidence 11.62 % and 13.74% at 30 and 60 days with maximum root length 9.50 cm, 13.99 cm, plant height 19.25cm, 50.66cm, 48 pods/plant and yield 7.03 Q/ ha of chickpea crop. Kamal Khilari Satish Chand (Advisor) (Author)ThesisItem Open Access : “Evaluation of planting techniques and fertility levels on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Productivity, nutrient uptake and water use efficiency”(SARDARVALLABH BHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE MEERUT 250110, 2019) Basharullah; Naresh, Dr. R. K.The investigation entitled “Evaluation of planting techniques and fertility levels on rice (Oryza sativa L.) Productivity, nutrient uptake and water use efficiency” was carried out at the Crop Research Centre of SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U.P. duringKharifseason of2014. The experiment consisting of four Planting techniques in main plotsviz;T1 transplanted rice after reduced tillage (RTTPR), T2transplanted rice on narrow raised beds (N Bed TPR), T3transplanted rice on wide raised beds (W Bed TPR) and T4conventional puddled transplanted rice (CTTPR).And eight fertility levels in sub plotsviz; F0Control (no N–P–K– Zn fertilizers), F1 120- 60- 40 NPK + 25 kg Zn ha-1, F2120- 60- 40 NPK + 0.5 % Zn solution in rice nursery at root dipping, F3120- 60- 40 NPK + 0.5 % Zn solutionfoliar application at 15 DAT, F4120- 60- 40 NPK + 0.5 % Zn solution foliar application at 30 DAT, F5120- 60- 40 NPK + 0.5 % Zn solutionfoliar application at 45 DAT, F6 120- 60- 40 NPK + 0.5 % Zn solutionfoliar application at 60 DAT and F7120- 60- 40 NPK + 0.5 % Zn solution foliar application at 75 DATwas laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of tillers,root weight and root lengthwere increased with planting techniqueconventional puddeld transplanted rice. Among the yield attributesviz;productive tillers, panicle length, grains panicle-1 and 1000 grain weight, increased significantly by (7.77%,12.17%, 6.32% and 6.71%) in wide raised beds respectively, The improvement in grain yield 29.16% and 26.60% on conventional tillage transplanted rice and wide raised beds, respectively over narrow raised beds. The wide raised beds increased the water use efficiency by20.75%. The infiltration rate was 52.88%higher under transplanted rice on narrow raised beds over transplanted rice on wide raised beds. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc content were higher in transplanted rice on wide raised beds in all growth stages respectively.Transplanted rice on wide raised beds increased the agronomic efficiency 26.8%, recovery efficiency 32.9%.The number of galls plant-1 root was statistically at par among different planting techniques but transplanted rice on narrow raised beds having highest galls plant-1.Soil physical properties of basmati rice as infiltration rate and mean weight diameter was higher in transplanted rice on wide raised beds as compared to other planting techniques.The highest net profit (Rs 50652 ha-1 and Rs with B:C ratio of 2.20 was recorded in T3. Plant height, dry matter accumulation and number of tillers were higher in F1. Root weight,. The yield attributes viz; productive tillers, panicle length, grains panicle-1and 1000 grain weight, increased significantly (7.41%, 12.23%, 2.38% and 25.5%) in 120-60-40 NPK + foliar application of Zn @ 0.5% at 15 DAT plots, respectively.The grain yield increased 19.82% in 120-60-40 NPK + foliar application of Zn @ 0.5% at 15 DAT than the rest of the treatments.Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content were higher in fertility levels of 120-60-40 NPK + foliar application of Zn @ 0.5% at 15 DAT in all stages of plant growth. Zinc content and uptake was maximum in F3 at 30 DAT and in F5 at 60 DAT and it was higher in treatment 120-60-40 NPK + foliar application of Zn @ 0.5% at 75 DAT at 90 DAT and harvest by grain and straw.ThesisItem Open Access Development of carbon nanomaterial-based immunosensor for rapid detection of virus (Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus)(Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 2019) Chaudhary, Mohit; Kumar, Dr. PushpendraThe backbone of India’s socioeconomic fabric is agriculture that contributes to ~18% of national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Because of varying geo-climatic conditions, the Indian terrine is full of diversified flora and fauna where the agriculture crops are negatively affected by pathogenic microbial flora. Agricultural crops such as vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, fiber crops, and sugarcane are more vulnerable to viruses out of various pathogenic microbes. Different methods such as Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) have been used for virus detection but are time-consuming, expensive and need highly trained manpower. Point-of-Care biosensing devices are poised to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional and conventional methods of virus detection in field conditions and may transform the diagnostics in agriculture. We report the synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide nanosheets for the fabrication of electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus (GBNV). The GBNV virus has been isolated from Cowpea, tomato and N. banthamiana leaves and identified using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and ELISA. The synthesized graphene oxide has been translated into thin films by spin coating followed by covalently attaching the Anti- GBNV antibodies onto its surface for fabrication of immunoelectrodes. The immunoelectrodes exhibited sensitive and selective detection of GBNV antigen at low concentration ranges (5ng/ml) with enhanced efficiency. The comprehensive studies and obtained results indicate that GO based immunosensor constitutes for a promising biosensing platform for onsite identification of GBNV virus in different crops and can prove to be a better alternative to the existing detection techniques like ELISA and PCR.ThesisItem Open Access “Study on Adoption of Improved Cultivation Practices of Tomato among Vegetable Growers of Western Uttar Pradesh.”(SARDARVALLABH BHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE MEERUT 250110, 2019) Jagatpal; Yadav, R. N.The present study was conducted in Meerut and Shamli districts. One block from each district was selected purposively. The five villages from each block were selected randomly, 16 tomato growers were selected randomly from each village and to make the total sample size was 160 respondents for the study. A structured schedule for data collection was developed keeping in view the objectives and variables under the study. Thereafter the data were collected from tomato growers, through personal interview method. After data collection, the data was classified, tabulated and analyzed in the light of objectives. Appropriate statistical techniques were applied i.e. frequency, percentage, average, mean score, rank order and coefficient of correlation. Majority of the respondents 61.87 per cent were observed in the middle age category with their ages ranging between 35 to 59 years, like this 88.75 per cent literate, 79.37 per cent belonged to middle caste (Other Backward Caste), 97.50 per cent married, 82.50 per cent main occupation as agriculture, 56.25 per cent had nuclear family system, 62.50 per cent had medium size of family (5-8 members), 91.25 per cent had pucca house, 35.00 per cent had medium (2 to 4 ha.) land holding, 70.63 per cent had private tube well electric, 64.37 per cent had medium household assets (5 to 10 numbers), 94.38 per cent had cycle, 66.87 per cent had medium level of farm assets (5 to 10 numbers), 61.87 per cent had membership in more than one organization, 46.87 per cent had Rs. 1,00,001 to 2,00,000 annual income, neighbors got 1st rank with mean value 5.53 as a main source of information, television got 1st rank with mean value 1.93 as a mass media contact, 76.87 per cent had medium level of economic motivation, 74.37 per cent had medium level of scientific orientation, 70.62 per cent had medium level of risk orientation. Majority of the respondents had full knowledge about these cultivation practices (65 per cent soil type, 76.87 per cent improved varieties, 59.37 per cent seed rate, 93.12 per cent sowing time, 62.50 per cent nursery management, 95.87 per cent field preparation, 42.50 per cent transplanting, 73.12 per cent interculture and weed control, 86.87 per cent harvesting time, 55.00 per cent yield, 81.87 per cent grading and 91.25 per cent packing). Majority of the respondents had fully adopted of these cultivation practices (57.50 per cent soil type, 43.75 per cent seed rate, 62.50 per cent sowing time, 45.00 per cent nursery management, 95.62 per cent field preparation, 61.87 per cent interculture and weed control, 68.75 per cent harvesting time, 58.75 per cent grading and 53.12 per cent packing). The variables i.e. education, Size of land holding, annual income, had highly significant and positively correlated with the knowledge level of tomato growers. The variables i.e. education, Cast, Size of landholding, Material possession, Annual income, economic motivation, scientific orientation and risk orientation had highly significant and positively correlated with adoption level of improved cultivation practices in tomato crop. The tomato farmers were also facing unavailability of good quality seeds at government sale center at the sowing time, less number of grass root level extension workers, lack of knowledge about proper soil and seed treatment, high cost of inputs i.e. seeds, fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides and malformation of middle man in the markets major constraints in adoption of improved tomato production technology.ThesisItem Open Access Study on growth performance & biochemical parameter of broilers, fed diet supplemented with mushroom & probiotics(SARDARVALLABH BHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE MEERUT 250110, 2019) Kumar, Raj; Ali, Dr. NazimThe present investigation was carried out on “Study on growth performance & biochemical parameter of broilers, fed diet supplemented with mushroom & probiotics”, under the study 360 day-old broiler chicks of strain (Cobb 400) were divided randomly into eight groups, each represented a treatment (45 birds/ treatment) with 3 replicates in a completely randomized design. Chicks were reared for 42 days. The experimental diets were designed as- T1 : control, T2 : control+ 0.4% mushroom powder, T3 : control+ 0.8% mushroom powder, T4 : control+ 1.2% mushroom powder, T5: control + 0.1% probiotics, T6: control+ 0.2% probiotics, T7: control+0.3% probiotics and T8: control + 0.8% mushroom powder and 0.2% probiotics. The feed included supplements either alone or in combination was offered to the birds throughout experimental period (0-42 days). The results confirmed that at 6th week of age the average body weight found to be significantly (P<0.01) higher in mushroom treated group T4 was 2007.38 gm in comparison to control groups T1 was 1790.27 gm. The highest feed consumption was recorded in probiotic supplemented group (T5) as compared to control T1 group. The FCR was significantly (P<0.01) better in the mushroom supplemented group (T4) as compared to control group. The data on the weight and percentage of the internal organs were shown significant difference (P<0.01). The data at the final day of experiment the hematological parameters observed, RBC, WBC (103/μl), hemoglobin concentration, total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (103/μl), neutrophils (%), were significantly increased (p<0.01) in treated groups than the control group. Whereas Mean corpuscular volume (fl), MCH (pg), MCHC (g/dl), monocytes (%), eosinophils (%) and basophiles (%) were decreased significantly (p<0.01) than the control group. Total serum protein (mg/dl), albumin (g/dl), globulins (g/dl), glucose (mg/dl), calcium (mg/dl), phosphorus (mg/dl) were significantly increased (p<0.01) in treated groups than the control group, whereas total cholesterol (mg/dl), A.S.T. (U/L), A.L.T. (U/L), uric acid (mg/dl) and blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl) were decreased significantly (p<0.01). The different values of biochemical parameters were remain within normal range but statistically significant within the comparison of treated and control group. Sensory evaluation were significantly (p<0.01) better than control group. This indicated that growth performance of broiler was improved with supplementation of different levels of mushroom powder and probiotics.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on genetic architecture for yield and its contributing traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)(SARDARVALLABH BHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE MEERUT 250110, 2019) Maurya, Brijesh Kumar; Chand, PooranAn experiment was conducted to find out variance, genetic parameters, correlation and path coefficient analysis, combining ability and extent of heterosis for grain yield and its component traits using line × tester mating design (25 lines and 4 testers) during kharif 2018. Sixteen characters included in the study viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), flag leaf area (cm2), panicle bearing tillers per plant, panicle length (cm), spikelets/panicle, grains/panicle, spikelet fertility (%), 1000-grain weight (g), biological yield/plant (g), harvest-index (%), kernel length (mm), kernel breadth (mm), L:B ratio and grain yield/plant (g). Wide range of variation in mean performance of genotypes was observed for all the 16 characters under study. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for leaf area, spikelets/panicle, grains/panicle, L:B ratio and grain yield/plant, indicating that these characters are governed by additive gene action. Grain yield/plant showed highly significant and positive correlation with biological yield/ plant, harvest index, flag leaf area, panicle bearing tillers/plant, panicle length, 1000 grain weight, grains/panicle, spikelets/panicle and spikelets fertility at both levels. These characters either alone or in combination with yield could be utilized in rice breeding. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that gca variance among lines and testers were found highly significant for all metric traits. However, sca variance due to interaction between F1’s were found to be highly significant for all the characters under study. These findings indicated presence of both additive and non-additive gene actions. Five parents viz., NDRK 5062, NDRK 5025, NDRK 5063, NDRK 5081 and Vallabh Basmati 21 were found to be good general combiners for yield and other associate characters. Hence, these parents may be incorporated in breeding programme. The eight best crosses viz.,Pant 60 x IR 28, IR 64 x Vallabh Basmati 21, NDRK 5018 x IR 28, NDRK 5093 x Sugandha 5, NDRK 5037 x Sugandha 5, NDRK 5059 x Pusa Basmati 1509, NDRK 5081 x Pusa Basmati 1509 and IR 64 x IR 28 showed significant and positive sca effects for grain yield. The five best crosses viz., NDRK 5081x Pusa Basmati 1509, Sarjoo 52 x Pusa Basmati 1509, Pant 60 x IR 28, NDRK 5040 x Pusa Basmati 1509 and IR 64 x Vallabh Basmati 21 exhibiting positive and significant heterosis over better parent. While, the five best crosses viz.,NDRK 5081 x Vallabh Basmati 21, NDRK 5062 x Vallabh Basmati 21, NDRK 5025 x Vallabh Basmati 21, NDRK 5040 x Vallabh Basmati 21 and NDRK 5063 x Vallabh Basmati exhibited positive and significant heterosis over the standard variety. Therefore, genetic yield potential could be enhanced by exploiting these crosses through heterosis breeding.
