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ThesisItem Open Access “EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FERTILITY LEVELS ON NUTRIENTS AVAILABILITY, GROWTH AND YIELD OF RICE IN PUDDLED AND UNPUDDLED CONDITIONS”(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2014) Yash Kumar; B.P. Dhyani; S.P. Singh, U.P. Shahi,R.B. Yadav,Satendra KumarTo study the “effect of different fertility levels on nutrients availability, growth and yield of rice in puddled and unpuddled conditions” on experimental was conducted during kharif 2013 at crop research centre of university. The soil of experimental plot was sandy clay loam in texture, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium. The soil was alkaline in reaction without salinity problem. Twelve different treatments consisting application of different nutrient levels in puddled and unpuddled conditions of rice were tested in RBD with three replications. Pusa Basmati-1 was grown as test crop by adopting all the recommended agronomic practices expect fertilizer application. Treatment effects were monitor in terms of growth parameters, yield attributing characters, nutrient content, uptake and available nutrients in soil after the harvest of rice crop. Results reveal that growth parameters improved significantly with additional application of 25% NPK or N over recommended NPK. The effect of puddling at higher fertility level was also noticed. Yield attributing characters also improved with the application of additional NPK or N over recommended NPK. Significantly higher rice grain yield than the rest of the treatments was found with the application of additional 25% N in puddled condition. Application of higher level of nitrogen in unpuddled condition did not resulted any significant effect. Grain yield of rice reduced by 18.1 and 21.7 % in puddled and unpuddled condition due to NPK skipping. About 6 to 12% yield increase was noted due to puddling. Nutrients content and uptake were also found higher or significantly higher in the treatment consisting application of 125% NPK in puddled condition. Availability of nitrogen and potassium in soil decline from their initial value while an increase was noticed in case of available phosphors, zinc and iron. pH and bulk density decline from their initial value while a build up was found in case of electrical conductivity and organic carbon content.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TILLAGE PRACTICES ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN LIGHT TEXTURED SOIL(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2013) Vineet Kumar; U.P.ShahiField experiment was conducted on wheat during Rabi season of 2010-11 in sandy loam soil at Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, (Uttar Pradesh),.The experiment was aimed to evalute the effect of tillage practices on soil properties and productivity of wheat in light textured soil.The experiment comprising nine treatments was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The tillage practices treatments were consisted of zero till planted wheat ( with 80 %N as basal ),(T1); zero till planted wheat (3 splits of N),(T2);zero till planted wheat :Paired row 15:25 cm (80 %N as basal),(T3);zero till planted wheat:Paired row 15:25 cm (3 splits of N),(T4);zero till planted wheat: Controlled traffic (80%N as basal),(T5);zero till planted wheat: Controlled traffic (3 splits of N),(T6);zero till planted wheat :Paired row with controlled traffic (80%N as basal),(T7);zero till planted wheat: Paired row with controlled traffic (3 splits of N),(T8) and conventional practices (T9),respectively. In different tillage practices with nitrogen application, zero till planted wheat: Paired row with controlled traffic (80 % N as basal) application was efficient than recommended practice of planting with split N application and other tillage practices with N application in terms of growth parameters, yield attributes, nutrient uptake, productivity of wheat crop and soil properties. Zero till planted wheat with controlled traffic (80 % N as basal) application was also found superior than other treatments and increased these parameters, but it was inferior to the zero till planted wheat: Paired row with controlled traffic (80% N as basal) application treatment. 80% N as basal application scheduling practice also reduces the over or split application of nitrogen which can be susceptible to different losses including leaching, ammonium volatilization and runoff.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Rhizobium, Phosphobacteria and P-Levels on Growth, Yield and Acquisition of Nutrients by Urdbean (Vigna mungo L.)(Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut- 250 110, (U.P.) INDIA, 2012) Surya Kant; Satendra Kumar; Ashok Kumar, B.P. Dhyani,S.P. Singh,Adesh SinghAn experiment was conducted at Crop Research Centre (CRC), Chirori of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut during kharif-2011. Thirteen different treatments were replicated thrice in a randomized block design. The soil of experimental site was sandy loam in texture, low in organic carbon and medium in available phosphorus with alkaline in reaction. Treatments comprises T1: control, T2: Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), T3: Rhizobium, T4: PSB + Rhizobium, T5: 25 kg ha-1 P2O5 + PSB, T6: 25 kg ha-1 P2O5 + Rhizobium, T7: 25 kg ha-1 P2O5 + PSB + Rhizobium, T8 : 50 kg ha-1 P2O5 + PSB, T9: 50 kg ha-1 P2O5 + Rhizobium, T10: 50 kg ha-1 P2O5 + PSB + Rhizobium, T11: 75 kg ha-1 P2O5 + PSB, T12: 75 kg ha-1 P2O5 + Rhizobium and T13: 75 kg ha-1 P2O5 + PSB + Rhizobium. Significantly higher grain yield, effective nodules and N & P contents in plant sample were obtained with the application of 75 kg ha-1 P2O5 + PSB + Rhizobium (T13) as compared to all other treatments T12 and T10. The highest grain (9.28qha-1) and straw (31.60qha-1) yield were obtain under T13, where as the control treatments registered the 6.31 and 21.48 qha-1 grain and straw yield respectively. The treatments also registered the highest N & P contents in soil after harvest of the crop followed by T12. From the above study it also seems that application of 50 kg ha-1 P2O5 with PSB and Rhizobium (T10) also improved the grain yield and NP content in soil after harvest in comparison to controlThesisItem Open Access Impact of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers through vermicompost on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growth, yield and soil properties(Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut- 250 110, (U.P.) INDIA, 2012) Shard Kumar; B.P. Dhyani; R.R. Singh, AshokKumar,U.P. Shahi,Arvind KumarTo study the impact of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers through vermicompost on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growth, yield and soil properties, an experiment was conducted during rabi 2010-2011 at HRC S.V.P. university of Agri. & Tech. Modipuram, Meerut. Nine different treatments comprising of application of inorganic as well as inorganic plus organic sources of plant nutrients were tested in randomized block design with three replications. Soil of experimental plot sandy loam in texture, alkaline in reaction, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorous and potassium. Results obtained from the study reveal that plant growth parameters i.e. plant height, total number of leaves per plant, number of compound leaves per hill, shoot length, fresh as well as dry shoot and tuber weight as recorded at different days after planting were affected significantly by different treatments. Generally, treatments having 50% substitution for chemical fertilizers through vermicompost recorded significantly lower growth parameters than the treatments where 100 or 125% N, P and K were applied through chemical fertilizers. Potato fresh yield recorded in T2 (100% NPK through chemicals) was found statistically similar to those treatments where in 25% substitution of chemical fertilizer was made by vermicompost. Yield recorded in these treatments were slightly higher than the yield of T2. Soil pH and electrical conductivity measured at different intervals remained unaffected under different treatments although pH declined slight at 90 DAP in vermicompost treated plots and electrical conductivity increased with advancement in crop growth. Organic carbon content in soil at 60 DAP varied significantly under different treatments while remained unaffected at 90 and 129 DAP. In general, organic carbon was higher in the treatments receiving higher dose of vermicompost. Availability of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different treatments varied significantly and decline with successive crop growth. Availability of iron also declined with crop growth but increase in zinc availability was recorded at 90 DAP in vermicompost treated plots. On the basis of these findings it may be concluded that 25% instead of 50% substitution of chemical fertilizers is better as yield was significantly similar to 100% NPKThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF CRC SOIL AT SVPUAT MEERUT(Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut- 250 110, (U.P.) INDIA, 2015) Rajesh KumarYadav; Ashok Kumar; R. R. Singh, B. P. Dhyani, U.P. Shahi, VivekA study entitled “Characterization of CRC soil at SVPUAT, Meerut” was carried out during 2013-14. Soil Samples collected from different depths viz0-15, 15-30 cm were processed and analyzed for various physical and chemical properties.The overall quality of CRC soil appears to be poor to medium except for certain parameters. Majority of soil samples showed moderately slow to moderate in hydraulic conductivity (0.48- 1.8 and 1.8-6.24 cm/hr )and infiltration rate(0.5-2.0 and 2.0-6.5 cm/hr ) which may be attributed due to poor OC , low porosity and high BD. A positive and strongly significant relation was observed between HC ,IR with OC and Porosity while negative correlation was found between HC, IR and Bulk density. Soil pH range between 6.7 to 8.6 at surface and all the samplers belongs to neutral to alkaline range. The electrical conductivity of the surface soil ranged from 0.12 to 0.26 dSm-1.The percent organic carbon content of surface soil samples was in the range of 0.28-0.98 %. Soils of CRC classified based on pH, EC ( 1:2 soil: water ratio), OC , HC , IR ,BD were neutral to strongly alkaline , majority of soils falls under very low EC (0-0.15 dSm-1) and low organic carbon ( <0.5%), the available nitrogen of samples was in the range of 153.03 to 386.4 kg/ha and were in low nutrient index range (1.21 NI) ,the available phosphorus of samples range between 17.92 to 26.88 kg ha-1 forand falls in medium nutrient index range( 2.21 NI) while the available potassium of samples range between 114.24 to 455.8 kg/haand falls in high nutrient index range( 2.63 NI). As per the nutrient status of the study area and each nutrient index level (i.e., low, medium and high) ,the soils of CRC were categorized into low-medium-high( L MH) category based on available N, P and K concentrations . Ca/Mg ratio of the study area varied from 1.6-3.06 while Mg/K ratio varied from 2.88 to 16.42 .Soils of study area was found in sufficient range for available Cu, Zn, Fe, and MnThesisItem Open Access SHORT TERM CHANGES IN SOIL QUALITY PARAMETERS IN CEREAL BASED CROPPING SYSTEM UNDER CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2013) SUSHEEL KUMAR SINGH; B. P. Dhyani; Ashok Kumar, R.R. Singh , Satya Prakash SinghIn Indo-gangetic plain cereal based cropping system is dominant system. Agricultural sustainability depends on soil quality which is considered to be a key element of Conservation Agriculture. Soil quality assessment is based on long term and short term changes. Short term changes provide an idea to manage soil quality for sustainable crop production. The present investigation was conduct to find short term changes in soil quality parameters in cereal based cropping system under conservation agriculture. Field experiments were conducted during 2010 and 2011 at CSISA research platform of ICAR - RCER Patna in split- split plot design with three replications. Cropping system rice-wheat and rice-maze were taken as main plot, residue management with residue and without residue application as subplot and four crop establishment techniques as sub-sub plot. Soil of experimental site was silty clay in texture, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, higher in available phosphorus and medium in potash. The soil was near to normal with 0.38 dSm-1 electrical conductivity. For all the crops recommended doses of NPK were applied and all the measures for plant protection were followed. Rice grain remained unaffected under different cropping system and residue management while a significant effect of crop establishment techniques was noticed. Maximum rice grain yield statistically at par to E4 and significantly higher than E2 and E3 was found with E1. Maize and wheat grain yields were significantly affected by residue management and crop establishment techniques. Grain yield of both crops was significantly higher with E4 than E1 crop establishment technique. Soil physical chemical and biological properties improved with residue management and crop establishment techniques while no clear cut effect of cropping system was noticed. Physical and biological properties were better with E4 than E1 crop establishment technique. Rice-maize was found comparatively exhaustive system than rice-wheat. Finally it can be concluded from the work that residue management and E4 are better practices for conservation agriculture.ThesisItem Open Access PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF TURMERIC (Curcuma longa L.) UNDER DIFFERENT NUTRITIONAL LEVEL SUPPLEMENTED THROUGH ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SOURCES(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2013) SUMIT RAIZADA; Ashok Kumar; R.R.Singh, B.P.Dhyani, U.P.Shahi, R.K.NareshA field experiment was conducted on Turmeric ( Curcuma longa L )with a variety of AZAD HALDI-1 during 2011-12 and 2012-13 on sandy loam soil at HRC of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology , Meerut . The experiment aimed to evaluating the effect of different organic and inorganic nutrients on the productivity, soil properties, quality (essential oil and curcumin %) and economic of turmeric .The experiment was laid out in the randomized block design with 10 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments comprised the T1-(Control ) , T2 -(100% RDF NPK) , T3- ( 125 % N + RDF PK), T4- ( 125 % P + RDF NK ) , T5-(125 % K + RDF NP ), T6-( 125 % NPK) , T7- (100% NPK + FYM @ 20 tha-1) , T8-(75%NPK + FYM @ 30 tha-1),T9-(50% NPK + FYM @ 50 tha-1)and T10-( (25% NPK + FYM @ 80 tha-1). The results revealed that application of N.P.K in different combination or with FYM in different doses did not affect the soil pH significantly. However, the treatments with FYM showed a slight depressing effect on pH at all the stages of sampling whereas EC differ significantly under different treatments over where no fertilizer was applied. Bulk density was not affected significantly by different treatments. However more reduction in BD was noticed in those treatments where 125 % NPK or 100 % NPK with 20 tha-1 FYM was applied .These two treatments distinctly showed the improvements in OC %, availability of N, P, and K in soil at all the stages of samplings and found superior over control. Uptake of N, P, K by turmeric under T6 was found significantly higher than control. The study indicated that turmeric showed better response of the application of 125 % NPK or 100 % NPK + FYM @ 20 tha-1 on growth parameters like plant heights, no of leaves and no of shoots /plant and yield attributes like primary fingers, secondary fingers , mother rhizomes over control as a results significantly higher yield was noticed under these treatments. Impact of different sources ( Organic and inorganic ) of nutrients were also studied on quality parameters like essential oil and curcumin and it was found that more essential oil and cur cumin was noticed in these treatments over control. Amongst the applied sources of nutrients maximum net income (Rs. 557489 average of both the year) was obtained from T6 over control (Rs. 205949 average of both the years) which was the best economical treatment. The study thus suggests that application of balance mineral fertilizer @ 125 % NPK of RDF or in combination with FYM i.e. 100 % NPK + FYM @ 20 tha-1 sustain a better soil physico- chemical environment, higher crop production and more essential oil and curcumin with more than three B : C ratio under sandy loam soil.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Vermicompost scheduling on soil properties, growth performance of rice crop and its residual effect on wheat crop(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2012) Kumar, Amit; Dhyani, B.P.; Kumar, A.;Singh,R.R.;Shahi,U.P.;Yadav,R.B.To study “Effect of Vermicompost Scheduling on Soil Properties, Growth Performance of Rice Crop and its Residual Effect on Wheat Crop”, field experiments were conducted during 2011-12 and 2012-13. The study area was CRC of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut. Soil of experimental site was low in organic carbon, available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and potassium with slightly alkaline pH. Ten different treatments comprising application of different levels of vermicompost alongwith with different levels of nitrogen and recommended level of PK were tested in a randomized block design with three replications. Rice variety PB-1 and wheat PBW-502 were grown during kharif and rabi seasons of both the years. Observations on different growth parameters, yield and yield attributing characters, nutrient content, nutrient assimilation and physico chemical properties of soil at different growth stages of rice-wheat cropping system were recorded. Data were subjected to statistical analysis on which basis treatments effect were explained. The results reveal that growth parameters and yield attributing characters of rice crop were higher with application of 100% NPK (T2) through chemical fertilizer followed by T3 where along with 75% N 100% PK basal application of 2 ton vermicompost was made. Grain yield was also higher in T2 but it did not differ significantly from T3, T4 and T5. Plant nutrient content and uptake was also higher in T2 at different growth stages of rice. The nutrients availability in soil was affected by the timing of vermicompost application. Organic carbon, pH and electrical conductivity of soil at different growth stages of rice remained unaffected due to application of different treatments. The residual effect of preceding rice crop treatments on number of tillers per meter row length of wheat, spike length and test weight was non significant while a significant residual effect was found on nutrients availability. The residual effect of 4 ton vermicompost application on grain yield of wheat was significant but application of 2 ton vermicompost could not result any significant effect. Percent organic carbon, soil pH, electrical conductivity remain unaffected due to residual effect while a significant effect was noticed on the bulk density of soil after wheat harvest. It is concluded that 25% nitrogen requirement of basmati rice can be supplemented through the application of 2 ton vermicompost ha-1 as basal, or at panicle initiation or at flowering stages of rice crop.