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ThesisItem Open Access “Studies on management of dry root rot of chickpea caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler”(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2022-09) BIPIN YADAV; Ramesh SinghDEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P) Name: Bipin Yadav Advisor: Dr. Ramesh Singh Id. No: 4863 (Associate Professor) Degree: M.Sc. (Ag.) Plant Pathology Deptt. of Plant Pathology Thesis tittle: “Studies on management of dry root rot of chickpea caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler” ABSTRACT Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the world‟s leading pulse crop. It is an important pulse crop with a wide distribution across the tropics, sub tropics and temperate region. It is rich in dietary proteins and good for human consumption; moreover, its ability to form nitrogen fixing nodules via interaction with rhizobia adds to its uniqueness. Chickpea crop is prone to many pest and diseases. Among them dry root rot of chickpea caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola is a serious emerging threat to chickpea. Rhizoctonia bataticola is a genus of anamorphic fungi in order Cantharellales and family Ceratobasidiaceace. Rhizoctonia species do not produce spores, but are composed of hyphae and sclerotia. Rhizoctonia species are saprophytic, but some act as facultative plant pathogens causing commercially important crop diseases. The characteristics symptoms include yellowing of leaves, dark lesion on the stem at ground level; sclerotial bodies are seen beneath of bark of affected portion (root) of plant. The present study was conducted with the objectives on the in vitro evaluation of some bio agents/botanical and fungicides against Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler and integrated management of disease in experimental field. Among all tested antagonists in vitro, maximum mycelial growth inhibition was recorded with Garlic clove extract @ 5% (76.06%) after 72 hours, followed by Pseudomonas florescence (67.25%) and Bacillus subtilis (60%). The cent per cent mycelial growth inhibition of Rhizoctonia bataticola was recorded with fungicides carbendazim at all concentration i.e. 0.005%, 0.010% and 0.015%. While tebuconazole inhibited the mycelial growth of pathogen 88.15 % at 0.015% concentration, followed by 87.22% and 83.89% at 0.010% and 0.005% concentrations after 72 hours of inoculation respectively. During field experiment lowest percent disease incidence (10.11%) was recorded in (T1) seed bio-priming with Pseudomonas florescence @10 g/kg seed, followed by (13.90%) in (T8) seed treatment with carbendazim @2g/kg seed and (15.10%) and also maximum yield were obtained from same treatments respectively. Hence, we can say garlic clove extract @5% are highly effective against pathogen and seed bio-priming have synergetic effect on reducing disease incidence increasing yield as well. (Advisor) (Author) RAMESH SINGH BIPIN YADAVThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of plant extracts and bio-control agents against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary causing Sclerotinia stem rot in brinjal(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021-11) AJAY KUMAR; Dr. Ramesh SinghDEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT - 250 110 (U.P.), INDIA Name: Ajay Kumar Advisor: Dr Ramesh Singh Id. No.: 4868 (Assco. Professor) Batch: 2019-20 Department of Plant Pathology Degree Programme: M.Sc. (Ag.) Plant Pathology Thesis title: “Evaluation of plant extracts and bio-control agents against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary causing sclerotinia stem rot in brinjal” ABSTRACT Brinjal is one of the important commercial vegetable crops in the world. It is grown in all over India and adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions. According to Vavilov (1928) the center of origin is Indo-Burma region. Brinjal crop is also known as eggplant according to shape and colour of fruit. It is an important source of fibers, minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates and organic acids etc., other compounds such as glycol-alkaloids and antioxidant compounds which carried a significant part in keeping good health. Brinjal is planted in three seasons first in Kharif (June-Sep), second in Rabi (Nov-Feb) and third in the month of March. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is infected with many diseases. The most important disease is sclerotinia rot (white mold) caused by the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum de Bary (Lib). The symptoms first appeared on affected parts of stems become water-soaked, thick mycelium lesion (white thick mycelial Mat) on margins near the collar region and soil line of the plants. It increases inwards showed brown colour and rotting in stem. Infected brinjal plants first showed wilting in Jan. - Feb. month and month of Feb. - March. In the present investigation an experiment was conducted for the efficacy of two plant leaf extract Agele marmelos and Azadirachta indica at 5, 10 and 15% cons. and four bio-agents against S. sclerotiorum in-vitro. The maximum 85.67% inhibition of mycelium growth of pathogen was recorded in Azadirachta indica followed by 64.07% in Agele marmelos at 15% concentration after 72 hours of incubation at 25±1 0C. In bio-agents, maximum 63.70% inhibition of mycelial growth was recorded in Pseudomonas fluorescens followed by 61.85% in Bacillus subtilis. While, 52.59 % inhibition was recorded in Trichoderma harzianum and 30.00 % in Trichoderma koningii after 72 hours of incubation at 25±1 0C. Experiment was also conducted for management of sclerotinia stem rot under pot condition. The lowest per cent disease incidence 6.66% were recorded in both treatments i.e. soil application of Trichoderma harzianum (CFU 2×107/g) @5g/kg soil and soil application with Pseudomonas fluorescens (CFU10×107/g) @ 5g/kg soil + Foliar spray with Azadirachta indica leaf extract @15% after 45 days of transplanting. Maximum disease incidence 33.33% was recorded in soil application with Bacillus subtilis (CFU 6× 107/g) @5g/kg soil, foliar spray with Aegle marmelos extract @15% after 45 days of transplanting and soil application with Trichoderma koningii (CFU 2×107/g) @5g/kg soil + vermi-compost @100g/kg soil respectively after 90 DAT. (Ramesh Singh) (Ajay Kumar)ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON MANAGEMENT OF ALTERNARIA BLIGHT (Alternaria alternata) OF PEA (Pisum sativum L.)(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021) PRANAV SHUKLA; Dr. Prashant MishraDEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT – 250221 (U.P) India Name: Pranav Shukla Advisor: Dr. Prashant Mishra ID. NO.: 4867 Professor Degree Programme: M.Sc. (Ag.)Plant Pathology Department of Plant Pathology Thesis Title: “Studies on Management of Alternaria blight (Alternaria alternata) of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)” Abstract Pulses are an indispensable source of supplementary protein to daily diet for predominantly vegetarian population of India. Pea is an important crop and is a rich source of protein, minerals (K, P, Fe and Zn) and vitamins for human consumption. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is attacked by a number of major and minor diseases. Among all diseases, alternaria blight of pea is an emerging serious disease caused by Alternaria alternata. In UP the disease appears in moderate to severe form every year and causes significant yield loss especially during the years when winter rains are frequent. Infection of host plants occur through air and seed borne transmission or planting into infected soil, where rain splash or leaves coming in direct contact with soil leads to infection. Initial symptoms are small lesions on the leaves and seed pods of pea, which grow in size overtime. Studies were conducted on the efficacy of five bio-agents and eight fungicide and 6 plant extracts against Alternaria alternata under in vitro condition. The maximum mycelial growth inhibition was recorded by Chaetomium globosum (80.00%) followed by and Pseudomonas fluorescens (78.89%) and Trichoderma harzianum (77.78%) In eight fungicide, Hexaconazole 5% SC and Propiconazole 25% EC exhibited maximum inhibition of Alternaria alternata. In 6 plant extracts, Garlic clove extract was most efficient against Alternaria alternata (82.22%) growth inhibition was recorded at 10% and w/v concentration followed by 10% Ajwain seed extract (67.78%) and 10% neem leaf extract (62.22%). In integrated disease management experiment of the disease under field conditions, lowest disease incidence (7.79%), and highest yield (17.98 q/ha) and test weight (192.6 gm) were recorded in foliar application of Propiconazole @ 500 ml/ha after 15 DAS in field condition. DR. PRASHANT MISHRA PRANAV SHUKLA (Advisor) (Author)ThesisItem Open Access Studies on antifungal effect of some essential oils and seed dressing fungicides against Fusarium sambucinum causing dry rot of potato(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021-12) Shujaul Hasan; Dr. Ramesh SinghDEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY SARDAR VALLABH BHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY MEERUT – 250110 (U.P) INDIA Name- Shujaul Hasan Advisor: Dr. Ramesh Singh Id no: 4865 Assoc. Professor Batch- 2019-2020 Department of plant pathology Degree Programme: M.Sc. (Ag.) Plant Pathology Thesis tittle- “Studies on antifungal effect of some essential oils and seed dressing fungicides against Fusarium sambucinum causing dry rot of potato” Abstract Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food and cash crop grown worldwide. The center of origin is south America (Peru). It is belonged to Solanaeace family. Potato is consumed as staple food in more than forty countries in the world and rank fourth amongst all food crops. Potatoes are rich sources of starch, vitamins, especially C and B1 and minerals and contain 20.6% carbohydrates, 2.1% protein, 0.3% fat, 1.1% crude fiber and 0.9% ash. Being the second largest producer. India produced 45.34 million tons potato (12.32 % of world production) followed by 95.99 million tons China (24.17% of world production) and Russian federation produced 30.20 million ton (8.20% of world production). Hence nearly 45% of global potato production place in these three largest potatoes producing countries. In India the major Rabi Potato producing states are Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Haryana. All India production of Potato in 2019-20 is estimated to be 508.57 lakh tons. Potato in infected by a number of soil and tuber borne diseases and pest. Among all, dry rot (Fusarium sambucinum) is destructive disease of potato. The most common symptoms were appearing wrinkled skin developed white tuffs or pustules of the fungus, turning pink on posture to light. The tubers, when cut exposed, cavities in internal sues found filled with mycelium of the pathogen which considerably reduces market value of edible tuber. In present investigation different plant leaf essential oils and fungicides was tested management of disease in-vitro, pot and storage condition. An experiment was conduct for the efficacy of two plant leaf essential oil Cymbopogon citratus and citrus limon at 250, 500, 750, 1000 ppm concentration. And two fungicides Carbendazim and Azoxystrobin at 50, 150, 250 ppm concentration against Fusarium sambucinum. 100% inhibition of mycelium growth of pathogen was recorded in Cymbopogon citratus and citrus limon essential oil at 1000 ppm concentration at 144 hrs. of incubation at 26±2℃. In fungicide, 100% inhibition of mycelial growth was recorded in Carbendazim at 50, 150, 250 ppm followed by 87.27 % inhibition of mycelial growth was recorded in Azoxystrobin at 250ppm. A combination of practices such as seed treatments with essential oils, fungicides and addition of organic amendments for management of dry rot under pot condition. The minimum percent disease incidence 15.87% was recorded in potato tuber treatment with Carbendazim 50%WP @ 250 ppm and maximum percent disease incidence was recorded in 42.31% Potato tuber treatment with Cymbopogon citratus leaf essential oil @ 1000 ppm and soil Application with vermicompost @ 100g/kg soil in pot condition. An experiment was also conducted for management of dry rot of potato under storage condition. The lowest percent disease incidence was recorded in 11.1 % in Potato tuber treatment with Carbendazim 50%WP @ 250 ppm and the maximum percent disease incidence recorded in 37.78% Potato tuber treatment with Citrus limon leaf essential oil @ 250 ppm in storage. Ramesh Singh Shujaul hasan (Advisor) (Author)ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON MANAGEMENT OF WILT (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri) OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021) AJITA SINGH; Dr. Prashant MishraThesisItem Open Access Studies on Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne enterolobii) of Guava(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2023-09) VIKAS RATHI; Dr. Kamal KhilariDEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, Thesis Title: “Studies on Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne enterolobii) of Guava” ABSTRACT Guava is a native of America and introduced into India during 17th century. Guava is cultivated worldwide due to its adaptability and survival ability in subtropical and tropical countries. India is the largest producer of the guava in the world with an area of 307 thousand hectare and production of 4516 thousand metric tonnes. In India, Uttar Pradesh has maximum production of guava 983.59 thousand tones and area 52.25 thousand hectare. In Uttar Pradesh, Allahabad is the largest producer of guava with maximum area under cultivation. Guava root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii is a newly emerging pest of guava. This study presents comprehensive research on various aspects of guava root-knot nematodes, including survey in major guava-growing districts, molecular characterization of the nematode species infesting guava, evaluations of novel nematicides and bio-agents, and integrated management strategies under controlled conditions. Survey was conducted in 17 districts of Western Uttar Pradesh to know the status of root knot nematode in the guava orchards. The survey results revealed that the L-49 guava variety is most common among farmers. Through survey incidence of guava root knot nematode was recorded ranging from 12 to 72 %. Whereas, prevalence was recorded from 40 to 90 % in the surveyed area. Nursery survey was also conducted in Meerut and Amroha district to know the status of nematode infestation in guava nurseries. On the basis of survey it was recorded that all the nurseries were infected by guava root knot nematode. Pathogenicity test was also conducted to test the role of M. enterolobii in cause root knot in guava. Through molecular characterization using ITS universal primers, confirmed the presence of M. enterolobii in surveyed samples, with high nucleotide homology. Commonly available varieties of guava were also tested to know the response against root knot nematode. All the tested varieties were found susceptible against root knot nematode. To know the host range 12 different hosts were also tested against guava root knot nematode. Out of 12 host 5 (Okra, Chilli, Cranberry, Lemon and Pear) were found as non host. A pot experiment was conducted to check the efficacy of bio-agents in which six bio-agents were applied. After 6 month of transplanting minimum (11.66 galls/5g of roots) were recorded in Trichoderma isolate S-13 and maximum (49.33 galls/5g of roots) were recorded in Pseudomonas fluorescens. Similarly after 9 months of transplanting minimum (21.66 galls/5g of roots) were recorded in Trichoderma isolate S-13 and maximum (66.00 galls/5g of roots0 were recorded in Pseudomonas fluorescens. A pot experiment was conducted to check the efficacy of nematicides in which three nematicides in two different doses were applied. After 6 and 9 months of transplanting fluopyram 34.48% SC was found very effective to control the M. enterolobii and Carbofuran 3% CG was found less effective. To check the efficacy of combinations of oil cakes and bio-agents a pot experiment was also conducted in which ten combinations were applied. After 6 months of transplanting minimum (28.66 galls/5g of roots) were recorded in Neem cake + Trichoderma whereas maximum (50.33 galls/5g of roots) were recorded in Mustard cake + Pseudomonas fluorescens. While after 9 months of transplanting minimum (38.33 galls/5g of roots) were recorded in Neem cake + Trichoderma and maximum (66.33 galls/5g of roots) were recorded in Mustard cake + Pseudomonas fluorescens. This research contributes valuable insights into the challenges posed by guava root-knot nematodes and provides potential solutions for mitigating their impact on guava cultivation in India. (Kamal Khilari) (Vikas Rathi) Advisor Author MEERUT - 250110 (U. P.), INDIA Name: Vikas Rathi I.D. No.: 5401 Batch: 2020-21 Degree: Ph. D. Plant Pathology Department: Plant Pathology Minor: Entomology Advisor: Dr. Kamal KhilariThesisItem Open Access “Studies on management of dry root rot of chickpea caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler”(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2022-09) BIPIN YADAV; Dr. Ramesh SinghDEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P) Name: Bipin Yadav Advisor: Dr. Ramesh Singh Id. No: 4863 (Associate Professor) Degree: M.Sc. (Ag.) Plant Pathology Deptt. of Plant Pathology Thesis tittle: “Studies on management of dry root rot of chickpea caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler” ABSTRACT Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the world‟s leading pulse crop. It is an important pulse crop with a wide distribution across the tropics, sub tropics and temperate region. It is rich in dietary proteins and good for human consumption; moreover, its ability to form nitrogen fixing nodules via interaction with rhizobia adds to its uniqueness. Chickpea crop is prone to many pest and diseases. Among them dry root rot of chickpea caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola is a serious emerging threat to chickpea. Rhizoctonia bataticola is a genus of anamorphic fungi in order Cantharellales and family Ceratobasidiaceace. Rhizoctonia species do not produce spores, but are composed of hyphae and sclerotia. Rhizoctonia species are saprophytic, but some act as facultative plant pathogens causing commercially important crop diseases. The characteristics symptoms include yellowing of leaves, dark lesion on the stem at ground level; sclerotial bodies are seen beneath of bark of affected portion (root) of plant. The present study was conducted with the objectives on the in vitro evaluation of some bio agents/botanical and fungicides against Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler and integrated management of disease in experimental field. Among all tested antagonists in vitro, maximum mycelial growth inhibition was recorded with Garlic clove extract @ 5% (76.06%) after 72 hours, followed by Pseudomonas florescence (67.25%) and Bacillus subtilis (60%). The cent per cent mycelial growth inhibition of Rhizoctonia bataticola was recorded with fungicides carbendazim at all concentration i.e. 0.005%, 0.010% and 0.015%. While tebuconazole inhibited the mycelial growth of pathogen 88.15 % at 0.015% concentration, followed by 87.22% and 83.89% at 0.010% and 0.005% concentrations after 72 hours of inoculation respectively. During field experiment lowest percent disease incidence (10.11%) was recorded in (T1) seed bio-priming with Pseudomonas florescence @10 g/kg seed, followed by (13.90%) in (T8) seed treatment with carbendazim @2g/kg seed and (15.10%) and also maximum yield were obtained from same treatments respectively. Hence, we can say garlic clove extract @5% are highly effective against pathogen and seed bio-priming have synergetic effect on reducing disease incidence increasing yield as well. (Advisor) (Author) RAMESH SINGH BIPIN YADAV 74ThesisItem Open Access “STUDIES ON PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF SHIITAKE MUSHROOM (Lentinula edodes)”(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2022-07) SAURABH SAINI“STUDIES ON PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF SHIITAKE MUSHROOM (Lentinula edodes)”ThesisItem Open Access Application Effect of Micronutrients in Conjunction with FYM on Availability of Nutrients in Soil and Growth Performance of Late Sown Wheat(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021) RAHUL INDAR NAVSARE; Dr. S. P. SINGHABSTRACT Name : Rahul Indar Navsare Id No : 4349 Year of admission : 2018-19 Degree : Ph.D. SSAC Major : Soil Science & Agril. Chemistry Minor : Agronomy Thesis title : “Application effect of micronutrients in conjunction with FYM on Availability of nutrients in soil and growth performance of late sown wheat” Advisor : Dr. S. P. Singh, Associate professor, Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Degree Awarding : Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut – 250110. University The present investigation was conducted on wheat in winter (Rabi) season for two consecutive years (2018-19 and 2019-20) at the Crop Research Centre, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut -250110. The soil of experimental field was sandy loam in texture and slightly alkaline in reaction. The soil was low in available nitrogen, medium in phosphorus, potassium, DTPA extractable zinc, manganese and iron. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 3 replication and 9 treatments. The treatments consisted T1: control, T2: RDF 80:40:40 NPK kg ha-1, T3: RDF + Zn @ 5.0 kg ha-1, T4: RDF + Fe @ 5.0 kg ha-1, T5: RDF + Mn @ 5.0 kg ha-1, T6: RDF + 5 ton FYM ha-1, T7: RDF + Zn @ 5.0 kg ha-1 + 5 ton FYM ha-1, T8: RDF + Fe @ 5.0 kg ha-1 + 5 ton FYM ha-1 and T9: RDF + Mn @ 5.0 kg ha-1 + 5 ton FYM ha-1. The wheat cultivar (DBW-71) was sown with a seed rate 120 kg ha-1. Split dose of N, full dose of P, K and soil application of Zn, Mn and Fe at the time of sowing. FYM was applied 15 days before sowing according to treatments. All the growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrient content and their uptake, available nutrient status in soil and economic feasibility were assessed during experiments. The findings of experiments revealed that the growth parameters like plant height, number of tillers per m-2, dry matter accumulation and yield attributes i.e. spike length, spikelet per spike, no. of grain per spike, 1000 grain weight and yield of grain and straw was registered maximum with application of T7 (RDF + Zn @ 5.0 kg ha-1 + 5 ton FYM ha-1) followed by T8 (RDF + Fe @ 5.0 kg ha-1 + 5 ton FYM ha-1) and T9 (RDF + Mn @ 5.0 kg ha-1 + 5 ton FYM ha-1). The content and uptake of nutrients was improved with the combined application of micronutrients along with FYM and RDF. Soil fertility level in respect to applied nutrients and other chemical properties of soil was improved with the soil application of zinc, iron and manganese along with FYM and RDF. The highest net return and B:C ratio were obtained in T7. Thus, balanced nutrients application through micronutrients along with organic manure and recommended dose of fertilizers is found to be better in improving the every aspect of wheat cultivation including the soil fertility. (S. P. Singh) (Rahul Indar Navsare) Advisor Author
