Thumbnail Image

Thesis

Browse

20231
 Reset filters

Settings

Subject: Livestock Product Technology ×

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    TECHNOLOGY STANDARDIZATION AND EFFICACY ASSESSMENT OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA BARK AND HYLOCEREUS UNDATUS PEEL EXTRACT ON READY-TO-COOK CHEVON CHUNKS
    (SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2023) DR CHIRAG SINGH; Dr. V.P. Singh
    Name : Dr. Chirag Singh Id No. : PG/V-5418/20 Department : Livestock Products Technology Degree : Ph.D. Major :Livestock Products Technology Minor: Veterinary Biochemistry Advisor : Dr. V.P. Singh Thesis title : TECHNOLOGY STANDARDIZATION AND EFFICACY ASSESSMENT OF Terminalia arjuna BARK AND Hylocerus undatus PEEL EXTRACT ON READY-TO-COOK CHEVON CHUNKS Abstract In present study, process protocol of chevon chunks preparation using different non meat ingredients like soy flour, oat flour and chickpea flour at different concentrations in 3 different groups was optimized. Among 3 different groups viz. T1, T2, and T3; T3 was selected for further study based on physico-chemical, proximate, instrument texture profile analysis, instrument color profile and sensory analysis. To provide antioxidant and antimicrobial effect in chevon chunks 2 extracts (ethanolic; aqueous and ethanolic) each of Terminalia arjuna bark and Hylocereus undatus peel were assessed at 4 different concentrations. Significant (P<0.05) extract concentration dependent increase in antioxidant activity (total phenolic content, % DPPH inhibition and % ABTS inhibition) and antimicrobial activity (zone of inhibition) was achieved in all the extracts. Based on antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of these 4 extracts, 3 concentrations of each extract were selected viz. ethanolic extract of T. arjuna bark (350, 550 and 750 mg), aqueous and ethanolic extract of T. arjuna bark (500, 750 and 1000 mg), ethanolic extract of H. undatus peel (350, 550 and 750 mg) as well as aqueous and ethanolic extract of H. undatus peel (450, 650 and 750 mg). Selected concentrations of extracts were incorporated in chevon emulsions and positive control was added with 100 ppm BHA. Evaluation of physico-chemical and visual sensory changes in chevon emulsion was carried out during storage of 9 days (4±1°C). In all 4 extracts treated groups, extract concentration dependent significant (P<0.05) increase in antioxidant activity, lower lipid oxidation, significantly (P<0.05) less pH rise, higher water activity, lower microbial count and better visual sensory scores were seen compared to control and positive control. Therefore, highest concentration of each extract was selected for incorporation in chevon chunks viz. TAAE: 1000 mg of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Termanilia arjuna bark; TAE: 750 mg of ethanolic extract of Termanilia arjuna bark; DFAE: 750mg of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Hylocerous undatus peel; DFE: 750mg of ethanolic extract of Hylocerous undatus peel. During 60 days ambient temperature (25°±1°C) storage of LDPE packaged chevon chunks, no-significant (P>0.05) difference was seen in proximate composition of chevon chunks in any group. In antioxidant activity, Termanilia arjuna bark extracts showed significantly (P<0.05) higher total phenolic content, % DPPH inhibition and % ABTS inhibition compared to Hylocerous undatus peel extracts. Overall all extracts treated groups of chevon chunks were having significantly (P<0.05) higher antioxidant activity compared to control. In lipid oxidation (Peroxide value, TBARS and % FFA) study aqueous and ethanolic extract of both Termanilia arjuna bark and Hylocerous undatus peel performed significantly better in maintaining lower lipid oxidation compared to ethanolic extracts, although all extract treated groups revealed significantly (P<0.05) lower lipid oxidation compared to control. Extract treated groups of chevon chunks delivered significantly (P<0.05) less pH and higher water activity compared to control. In microbiological study, ethanolic extracts of Termanilia arjuna bark and Hylocerous undatus peel showed significantly (P<0.05) lower SPC, and yeast and mould count compared to aqueous and ethanolic extract, although C delivered significantly (P<0.05) higher microbial count compared to all extract treated groups. In sensory analysis no ill effect of extract addition was observed and in overall acceptability, extract treated chevon chunk groups got significantly (P<0.05) higher sensory scores compared to control. Keywords: Chevon chunks, extract, antioxidant, lipid oxidation, microbiology. (VP Singh) (Dr Chirag Singh) Advisor Author