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ThesisItem Open Access D2 ANALYSIS FOR METRIC CHARACTERS IN FORAGE SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021-09) YALAGURADAPPA TUMBAD; Dr. S.K. SinghThesisItem Open Access Genetic Diversity Analysis in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L. czern and coss) through D2 and SSR marker(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021-09) ANJALI; Dr. Mukesh KumarABSTRACT Name : Anjali Id. No. : 4844 Major : Genetics and Plant Breeding Degree : M.Sc (Ag.) Minor : Ag. Biotechnology Department : Genetics and Plant Breeding Advisor : Dr. Mukesh Kumar Thesis title : "Genetic Diversity Analysis in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss) through D2 and SSR markers" The present investigation was carried out to analyze the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation, path analysis and genetic divergence for 12 quantitative traits. All the 45 genotypes were grown in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The observations were recorded on three randomly selected plants from each genotype in each replication for the twelve characters viz. days to 50% flowering, seed filling period, days to maturity, length of main shoot, number of pods on main shoot, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, plant height, number of seeds per pod, grain yield per plant, test weight and oil content. All the genotypes exhibited highly significant difference for all the traits under study. The high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was observed for number of secondary branches per plant, grain yield per plant and number of primary branches per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance observed for number of secondary branches per plant, grain yield per plant, number of primary branches per plant, length of main shoot, plant height, number of pods on main shoot, days to 50% flowering, test weight and number of seeds per pod. Hence direct selection of genotypes can be done through these characters for further improvement of genotypes of Indian mustard. In general, the genotypic correlation coefficient values were higher than the phenotypic values. Grain yield per plant had highly significant positive correlation with plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, length of main shoot, number of pods on main shoot, number of primary branches per plant and days to 50% flowering at both genotypic and phenotypic level, such association was noticed indicating less influence of environment on association. Hence, improvement of grain yield per plant can be achieved by improvement of these characters. Among the various traits studied, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant and number of seeds per pod had high positive direct effect at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. This indicated that these characters are most contributing towards grain yield per plant which can be easily improved by selection. Five clusters were formed by D2 analysis using 12 quantitative traits. The clustering pattern is suggestive of the fact that geographic diversity is not efficient index of genetic diversity. Out of the five clusters, cluster IV was found as a largest cluster with a total number of 14 genotypes under this cluster followed by cluster V with 11 genotypes, cluster III have eight genotypes, cluster II have 7 genotypes and 5 genotypes in cluster I. The maximum intra cluster distance was recorded in cluster III and lowest intra cluster distance was recorded for cluster IV. The maximum inter cluster distance was revealed between cluster II and III and minimum inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster IV and V. Nine primers amplified a total of 20 alleles, with an average of 2.2 alleles per primer. Each locus contained a maximum of four alleles and a minimum of one allele (BG50) (BG1). Primer BG109 had the greatest Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) value of 0.95, while primer BG12 had the lowest at 0.6. The average PIC value of all polymorphic primers was 0.66. The average resolving power (RP) is 1.856, with a minimum of 0.05 (BG109) and a maximum of 0.54 (BG50), followed by BG45 (0.53), BG92 (0.42), and BG1 (0.42). The range of similarity coefficients was found between 0.3 to 1. Based on Jaccard’s coefficient of similarity values, among all combinations, the smallest GS value of 0.3 was observed between RH749 and KMR-15-1 which appears to be most distantly related the maximum similarity (1) was reported between 18 genotypes. By conducting D² analysis as well as molecular profiling of genotypes using SSR markers, there was sufficient diversity among the genotypes that was used for study. The genotypes which exhibited low diversity at phenotypic level, also exhibited higher diversity at molecular level. For instance, the genotypes KMR-15-2, KMR-15-1 and KMR-17-4 were grouped together in cluster IV, indicating morphological similarity among themselves. Whereas, same genotypes were present in different clusters at molecular level. Many genotypes which were distributed in different clusters at morphological level were grouped into the same clusters at molecular level indicating higher degree of genetic similarity at molecular level. (Dr. Mukesh Kumar) (Anjali) Advisor AuthorThesisItem Open Access Morpho-Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity Analysis in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021-09) VIVEK KUMAR; Dr. L.K. GangwarABSTRACT Name : Vivek Kumar Id. No. : 4841 Department : Genetics and Plant Breeding Degree : M.Sc. (Ag.) (GPB) Major : Genetics and Plant Breeding Minor : Ag. Biotech Advisor : Dr. L. K. Gangwar, Prof. & HOD (GPB) Thesis title : Morpho-Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity Analysis in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) An experiment was carried out to assess genetic diversity at Morphological level and at DNA level for yield and its contributing characters in 40 bread wheat genotypes at Technology Park, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, (U.P.) in Randomized Block Design with 3 replications during Rabi 2019. Analysis of variance revealed substantial amount of variability among the genotypes for all the characters under study. The estimates of PCV in all the traits studied were greater than those of the GCV. Considering heritability, most of the characters showed high values. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance (as % mean) were recorded for gluten content, grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index and number of productive tillers per plants, showing that heritability might be to additive gene effects and direct selection for these traits may be successful. Genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients in most of the traits under study. Path coefficient analysis showed that among the different yield contributing characters days of 50% flowering, number of productive tillers per plants, total number of spikelets per spikes, 1000 seeds weight, biological yield per plant and harvest index had positive and direct effect on grain yield per plant. The distribution pattern of genotypes in different clusters was random. The highest numbers of genotypes were founded in cluster III (Eleven). The maximum intra cluster distance was observed for cluster V. Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster IV and VI and minimum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster I and III. Genotypes from the same geographical region fell into different clusters and vice- versa. This suggested that selection of parents for hybridization should be on genetic diversity rather than on the geographical areas. The SSR marker detected a total of 33 alleles with an average of 1.65 alleles per locus and the allelic polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0 for xwmc304, xwmc57, xwmc17 and xwmc170 to 1.00 for xwmc304, xwmc57, xwmc17 and xwmc170. The resolving power (RP) have an average value of 0.409 with a minimum value 0.0 (xwmc304, xwmc57, xwmc17 and xwmc170) and a maximum value 1.0 (xwmc296 and xwmc349). Significant genetic variation was found among all the genotypes with Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranging from 0.48 to 1.00.The dendrogram based on SSR marker analysis grouped the genotypes into two major clusters and two sub clusters. These markers are valid and will make a contribution to the studies in hexaploid (Triticum aestivum L.) wheat. (Dr. L. K. Gangwar) (Vivek Kumar) Advisor AuthorThesisItem Open Access Morphological and Molecular Characterization of rice (oryza sativa L.) germplasm under direct sown condition.(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021) Shivani Ahlawat; Dr. Pooran ChandABSTRACT Name : Shivani Ahlawat Id. No. : 4840 Department : Genetics and Plant Breeding Degree : M.Sc. (Ag.) (GPB) Major : Genetics and Plant Breeding Minor : Ag. Biotechnology Advisor : Dr. Pooran Chand, Professor (GPB) Thesis title : Morphological and Molecular Characterization of rice (oryza sativa L.) germplasm under direct sown condition. An experiment was carried out to assess genetic diversity at Morphological level and at DNA level for yield and its contributing characters in 25 rice genotypes at Technology Park, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, (U.P.) in Randomized Block Design with 3 replications during Rabi 2019. Analysis of variance revealed substantial amount of variability among the genotypes for all the characters under study. The estimates of PCV in all the traits studied were greater than those of the GCV. Considering heritability, most of the characters showed high values. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance (as % mean) were recorded (>30%) for biological yield per plant (97.98) followed by harvest index (69.42), grain per panicle (54.05), panicle length (33.05), plant height (31.27), no. of tillers per plant (31.16). showing that heritability might be to additive gene effects and direct selection for these traits may be successful. Genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients in most of the traits under study. Path coefficient analysis showed that among the different yield contributing characters Seed filling period direct effect showed indirect positive effect via day to maturity, days to 50% flowering and plant height had positive and direct effect on grain yield per plant. The distribution pattern of genotypes in different clusters was random. The highest numbers of genotypes were founded in cluster II (six). The inter-cluster distance was greater than intra-cluster distances in revealing considerable amount of genetic diversity among the genotypes studied. The intra-cluster was maximum in cluster III reveals maximum genetic diversity followed by cluster VI The inter-cluster values of the six clusters revealed that maximum inter-cluster generalized distance was between cluster I and cluster VI exhibited maximum divergence followed cluster III and VI While, the lowest was between cluster II and cluster VI. Genotypes from the same geographical region fell into different clusters and vice- versa. This suggested that selection of parents for hybridization should be on genetic diversity rather than on the geographical areas. In present study, a total of 15 primers of SSR markers were evaluated for their efficiency of polymorphism across 25 improved varieties of rice in which a total 6 polymorphic band and 2 monomorphic band were obtained with an average of 1.33 bands per primers. The approximately product size ranges from 200 bp (HvSSR01-32) to 350 bp (HvSSR01-41), the PIC value ranged from the minimum value 0.1536 for primer (HvSSR01-53) to maximum value 0.8704 for the primer (HvSSR02-50), with an average value of 0.5008 for all polymorphic SSR primers. The resolving power of 6 polymorphic SSR primers varies from 0.1296 (HvSSR02-50) to 0.8464 (HvSSR01-53) with an average value of 0.4992. Significant genetic variation was found among all the genotypes with Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranging from 0.038 to 1.00. Dendrogram based on SSR marker analysis grouped the genotypes into two major clusters and two sub clusters and so on. These markers are valid and will make a contribution to the studies in diploid rice (oryza sativa L.) (Dr.Pooran Chand) (Shivani ahlawat) Advisor AuthorThesisItem Open Access Studies on Genetic Diversity Assessment and Character Association in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss) Genotypes for Agro-morphological Traits(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021-07) Mahesh Upadhyay; Dr. Mukesh KumarABSTRACT Name : Mahesh Upadhyay Id. No. : 4839 Major : Genetics & Plant Breeding Minor : Ag. Biotechnology Department : Genetics and Plant Breeding Degree Programme: M.Sc. (Ag.) Batch : 2019-21 Advisor : Dr. Mukesh Kumar Thesis title : Studies on Genetic Diversity Assessment and Character Association in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.Czern & Coss) Genotypes for Agro-morphological Traits. The present investigation entitled “Studies on Genetic Diversity Assessment and Character Association in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss) Genotypes for Agro-morphological Traits” was carried out at the Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, U.P. during Rabi 2019-20 to analyze the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation, path analysis and genetic divergence for 14 quantitative traits. The experiment is performed with 45 genotypes of mustard using a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Each genotype was planted in three rows of 5.0 m length, with a 45 cm row-to-row spacing and a 15 cm plant-to-plant spacing. The observations were recorded for the 14 characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, length of main shoot (cm), number of siliquae on main shoot, siliqua length (cm), number of seeds per siliqua, test weight (g), oil content (%), harvest index (%), biological yield per plant (g) and grain yield per plant (g). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed extremely significant differences across genotypes, indicated that sufficient amount of genetic variability existed among the present set of breeding material. Phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) were moderate (10-20%) for plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, length of main shoot, biological yield per plant, test weight, harvest index and grain yield per plant. The characters plant height, grain yield per plant, length of main shoot, number of secondary branches per plant and biological yield per plant shows high heritability coupled with high genetic advance in percent of mean.While the characters number of primary branches per plant, test weight, number of siliquae on main shoot, and siliqua length shows high heritability with moderate genetic advance. Highly significant and positive association was displayed by grain yield per plant with length of main shoot, number of seeds per siliqua, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, biological yield per plant, test weight, number of siliquae on main shoot, number of primary branches per plant, siliqua length and harvest index at both the genotypic and phenotypic levels. It indicated that by improving these traits, improvement in grain yield per plant might be achieved under selection. The phenotypic and genotypic path coefficients revealed that biological yield per plant, harvest index, plant height, siliqua length, length of main shoot, and oil content all displayed highly positive direct contribution towards grain yield per plant. Whereas biological yield per plant and harvest index may be improve the grain yield per plant indirectly. Based on D2 value, 45 genotypes of Indian mustard included in study were grouped into seven clusters. The largest cluster was Cluster II, and it consists of 11 genotypes followed by cluster VI with nine genotypes, cluster III and IV with eight genotypes, cluster I, V and VII with three genotypes. Cluster I shows the maximum intra cluster distance followed by cluster VI, cluster VII, cluster III, cluster V and cluster IV while the cluster II shows minimum intra cluster distance. Genotypes belonging to cluster I (UJM-15, UJM-2 and UJM-4) exhibited maximum genetic diversity within the cluster as compared to the genotypes belonging to other clusters. Hence, hybridization might be taken up among these genotypes (UJM-15, UJM-2 and UJM-4) for obtaining desirable segregants for the yield and yield component traits. The inter cluster distance found maximum between cluster I and VII, which shows the greater genetic divergence between the genotypes associated to these clusters and crosses involving genotypes viz., UJM-15, UJM-2 and UJM-4 of cluster I; UJM-14, Pusa Mustard-22 and GM-2 of cluster VII is recommended. Crosses within the above combinations are expected to provide enough genetic variability among the population in the segregating generations. Hence, selection of better plant type might be made for yield and yield component traits. High hybrid vigor for yield also can be obtained by involving genetically diverse genotypes in the crosses which might be useful in the development of hybrids in mustard. (Mukesh Kumar) (Mahesh Upadhyay) Advisor AuthorThesisItem Open Access Molecular marker based genetic diversity analysis for drought tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021-09) Neeti Yadav; Dr. Pooran ChandThesisItem Open Access Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Lentil [Lens culinaris Medik](SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021-09) Pooja Tiwari; Dr. Atar SinghAbstract Name: Pooja Tiwari ID. No.: 4837 Semester & Year of admission: 2019-20 Degree: M.Sc. (Ag) GPB Major: Genetics and Plant Breeding Department: GPB Minor: Agricultural Biotechnology Advisor: Dr. Atar Singh Thesis Title: “Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Lentil [Lens culinaris (L.) Medik]” In this study experiments were conducted to assess the genetic variability using thirty genotypes at Crop research Center, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology Meerut in RBD with three replication on different dates of sowing Rabi 2020. Analysis of variance showed significant amount of variability for all traits under study. High GCV and PCV were observed for number of branches per plant. High heritability was observed for number of branches per plant followed by seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index, plant height, number of pods per plant, days to maturity and days to 50% flowering. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded in number of pods per plant showing that heritability might be due to additive gene effects and direct selection for this trait may be useful. Genotypic correlation coefficients were higher in magnitude than the phenotypic correlation coefficients in all the traits under study. Seed yield showed positive and significant correlation with number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant, harvest index, biological yield per plant and both genotypic and phenotypic level. Path coefficient analysis showed that among the various yield contributing traits viz; harvest index followed by biological yield per plant, number of branches per plant, plant height, days to maturity has positive direct effect on seed yield. Grain yield per plant could be improved by selection based on these characters. Six clusters were formed by D2 analysis using nine component characters. Out of the 6 clusters, cluster II and IV were found the largest clusters, a total of 7 genotypes fell in these clusters. Custer V had 6 genotypes, cluster VI 5 genotypes, cluster III had 3 genotypes, cluster I had 2 genotypes each. The maximum intra cluster distance was observed for cluster V and lowest intra cluster distance was recorded for cluster I. Maximum inter cluster distance was revealed between cluster I and III and minimum inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster II and IV. Many genotypes which were distributed in different clusters at morphological level indicating higher degree of genetic diversity. (Atar Singh) (Pooja Tiwari) (Advisor) (Author)ThesisItem Open Access Studies on heterosis, genetic analysis and character association in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2020-10) AMIT KUMAR; Dr. Mukesh KumarABSTRACT Name : Amit Kumar Id. No. : 3396 Year of admission: 2017-18 Degree : Ph.D. Major : Genetics and Plant Breeding Minor : Ag. Biotechnology Department: Genetics and Plant Breeding Advisor : Dr. Mukesh Kumar, Asso Prof/Asso Director, Dept. of Genetics & Plant Breeding Thesis Title: “Studies on heterosis, genetic analysis and character association in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” Degree awarding university: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut. 250110 The present study was carried out by the line x tester analysis involving 9 lines and 4 testers for 10 quantitative characters viz; days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant, harvest index (%) and 100 grain weight to find out combining ability, heritability, genetics advance, correlation coefficient, path coefficient and heterosis in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The parents and their F1s were evaluated in a Randomized Block Design with three replications at Crop Research Centre (Chirori) of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.) during rabi, 2018-19. Analysis of variance revealed substantial amount of variability for all the characters, indicating wide spectrum of variation among the genotypes. Estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits, but little differences were recorded between PCV and corresponding GCV values for all the traits, which indicated that there was not much influence of environment in the expression of the traits, under study. High GCV and PCV (> 20%) was observed for number of pods per plant only. Moderate (10-20%) was observed for plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of seeds per pod, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and 100 grain weight. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was exhorted for plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and 100 grain weight. These traits may be considered directly in selection programme for the improvement in productivity of chickpea crop. Grain yield per plant displayed highly significant and positive association with harvest index, 100 grain weight, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and biological yield per plant. Thus, it can be inferred that selection on any one of these traits either alone or in combination, will result in identifying high yielding genotype. Path coefficient analysis for grain yield per plant involving 9 independent variables revealed that biological yield per plant and harvest index displayed high order of direct effect on grain yield per plant, this indicated that grain yield per plant could be improve by selection based on these traits. The estimates of variance due to line x tester showed highly significant for all the characters. Further partitioning of treatment variance into parents exhibited highly significant differences for all the characters, while crosses were revealed highly significant differences for all the attributes except 100 grain weight. Variance due to parent vs crosses was observed significant for all the traits. The variance among line with respect to gca was found highly significant for all the attributes i.e. days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant, harvest index (%), 100 grain weight. The variance among testers with respect to gca was recorded highly significant for all the characters, while variances among crosses due to interaction between lines x testers genotypes with respect to sca were expressed highly significant for all the studied characters indicating that both additive and dominance genetic variance were involved in the determination of these attributes and the parents and their progenies differed for their combining ability effects. The lines GNG-1581 was found to be as good general combiner for maximum 7 characters (Days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index) together with grain yield per plant, and ICCV-1400 and JG 94-115 for 6 attributes (Plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and biological yield per plant) respectively. Among the testers, Sadbhavana and BG-1088 were appeared as good general combiner for maximum 6 traits (Days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and harvest index) including grain yield per plant. These parents may be handled in suitable breeding programme visa-vis selection breeding for improvement productivity of chickpea crop. On the basis of overall results and per se performance the F1’s hybrids i.e. JG-211 x BG-1088 and JG 94-115 x Sadbhavana were emerged to be as best specific combiners for maximum attributes including grain yield per plant for 4 (Plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and harvest index) to 5 (Days to 50% flowering, biological yield and 100 grain weight) other contributing traits, which may be utilized for obtaining transgressive segregants in the next generation. The best heterotic response for yield and other yield contributing traits exhibited (more than 15%) a reasonable and significant increase over both better and mid parents. These cross combinations in order of merit were ICCV-14511 x Pant G-114, ICCV-1407 x Pant G-114, ICCV-1400 x Pant G-114 and JG-39 x Pant G-114 may be used in heterosis breeding programme for the improvement in yield of chickpea crop. (Mukesh Kumar) (Amit Kumar) Advisor AuthorThesisItem Open Access Gene expression of salt tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using gene specific markers(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2020-12) ROHIT KUMAR; Dr.Pooran ChandABSTRACT Name: Rohit Kumar Id. No.: 3394 Year of admission: 2017-2018 Degree: Ph.D (Ag) Major: Genetics and plant breeding Minor: Agriculture biotechnology Advisor: Dr. Pooran Chand Thesis Title: “Gene expression of salt tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using gene specific markers” The present investigation with fifty-six rice varieties/genotypes was laid out in Randomly Complete Block Design, with replicating thrice during kharif session 2018 and 2019 at the CRC of S. V. P. U. Ag& Tech. Analysis of variance revealed substantial amount of variability in the material. Through SSR analysis 1097 bands are obtained with 22 primers with an average of 49.86 band per primer which shows 100% polymorphism. Maximum band (99) was obtained by OsSOS 1 primer with amplification size of 300bp. PIC ranges from 00.00 (OsMSRMK) to 0.98 (osCAX D) with average of 0.53 and resolving power (RP) ranges from 1.00 (Os GMST1) to 3.54 (OsSOS1-1) with average of 1.80. Fifty-six genotypes were grouped into two main clusters I and II with genetic similarity of 1 and 0.73, cluster I include 1genotype and cluster II include 55 genotypes. Cluster II was further divided into two sub cluster II(a) and II(b)with genetic similarity (GS) of 0.91 and 0.95, including 3 and 52 genotypes in each cluster respectively. On the basis of visual scoring index, 9 genotypes were grouped as highly salt tolerant genotype and other 9 genotype was selected as highly salt susceptible genotype out of which 7 highly salt susceptible genotype was selected as female parent and 4 highly salt tolerant genotype was selected as male parent in the crossing programme. Crosses was made on the basis of line x tester mating design and 28 F1 are obtained, which was further crossed with their male parent to obtained BC1 population out of which two cross combination (TYPE-3 × CSR 36 and 1121 × FL 478) was found to be superior which was used for RNA expression analysis in F1BC1 population. Differential expression (2-ΔΔCt) value of 1121 × FL 478 at 6hr,12hr,18hr at 4ds\m,6ds\m and 9ds\m was found to be 4.05,8.21,0.53 which shows that value of OsSOS1-1, OsNAC 5 and OsWRKY 13 gene is up regulation at low salt concentration and down regulation at high concentrationon the other hand diffrential expression (2-ΔΔCt )value of TYPE-3 × CSR 36 at 6hr,12hr,18hr at 4ds\m,6ds\m and 9ds\m was found to be 2.23,1.73,2.83 which shows that value of OsSOS1-1, OsNAC 5 and OsWRKY 13 gene is up regulation high concentrationon. Pooran Chand Rohit Kumar Advisor Author
