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ThesisItem Open Access Genetic analysis for quantitative traits in forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)(Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology Meerut, 2018) Sen, Ramraj; Singh, Shiv KumarThe present investigation entitled “Genetic analysis for quantitative traits in forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)’’was undertaken to collect information on genetic parameters for green fodder yield and its components from a sixteen parents (12 lines and 4 testers) line x tester mating design in forage sorghum at Crop Research Centre, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (U.P.) during kharif 2017 with 64 treatments. The experimental material was comprised of sixteen diverse parents viz. 12 lines and four testers and their 48 F1s excluding reciprocals of a line x tester cross. All genotypes were evaluated in a complete randomized block design with three replications. The data were recorded on eleven characters viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, leaf length, leaf breadth, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, stem girth, leaf stem ratio, total soluble solids, protein content and green fodder yield per plant. The data recorded were subjected to various statistical analyses. Analysis of variance observed highly significant differences among the parents and F1s for all the characters. The parents vs hybrids showed highly significant differences for all the traits. The F test indicated that the variance due to treatments were highly significant for all the traits, justifying the presence of adequate variability with regard to important characters under study. Both additive and non additive components of genetic variation appeared important in the expression of almost all the characters. For exploitation of both the additive and non additive component of variation, material may be handled through pedigree method and modified recurrent selection or biparental mating for obtaining superior segregants and genotypes. Green fodder yield per plant showed positive and significant correlation with plant height, leaf length, number of leaves per plant, leaf area and stem girth at genotypic and phenotypic level. Hence by improved that these traits, yield could be improved. Highly positive and significant direct contribution of leaf area, leaf length, plant height, number of leaves per plant and stem girth with green fodder yield per plant and high indirect positive contribution of leaf length through days to 50% flowering; Leaf breadth via days to 50% flowering, number of leaves per plant, leaf stem ratio and protein content and leaf stem ratio through days to 50% flowering, leaf length, number of leaves per plant, leaf area and total soluble solids were responsible for their positive association with green fodder yield. Promising lines viz., G-48, UP Chari-1 and Pant Chari-3 and testers viz., HC-171 and MP Chari which were having high general combining ability effects in desirable direction for green fodder yield and yield components characters may be incorporated in crossing programme to have better genotypes for better yield. The cross combinations viz., UP Chari-4 x HC-171, UP Chari-4 x HJ-513, UP Chari-1 x MP Chari and Jawahar Chari-6 x HJ-513 were found to be best specific combiners for green fodder yield and its contributing traits. These cross combinations may be exploited for development of hybrid in forage sorghum or may be incorporated in multiple cross breeding programme to have better transgressive segregants with broad genetic base for the selection in forage sorghum improvement programme. Out of 48 F1’s only three cross combinations which showed highest value of heterosis for green fodder yield namely UP Chari-4 x HC-171, G-48 x MP Chari and Jawahar Chari-6 x HC-171 over better parent may be exploited for developing hybrids with better yield in sorghum. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance were observed for plant height, leaf area, stem girth, leaf stem ratio and green fodder yield per plant, which indicated that these attributes might also be taken directly in to consideration for improvement in sorghum through selection breeding.ThesisItem Open Access THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL AND CARCASS QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKENS SUPPLEMENTED WITH VITAMIN E, Zn, AND Cr.(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2015) SAHAK, MOHAMMAD AKRAM; Nazim Ali; J. Yadav, Raj Kumar,D.S. SahuThe present investigation entitled “the growth performance, haemato-biochemical and carcass quality of broiler chickens supplemented with vitamin E, Zn, and Cr” was conducted at the Poultry Research and Training Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut (Uttar Pradesh) for a total of 6 week, to study the effects of different inclusion levels of supplementary Vitamin E, Zn and Cr either individually or in combination on the growth performance, hemato-biochemical characteristics and carcass quality of broiler chickens. 240 day old chicks of Cobb 400 breed were used in this experiment. The chicks were divided into 8 groups of 30 chicks each, with 3 replicates of 10 chicks in each group. The chicks were wing banded, weighed and then randomly distributed in dietary treatment into eight groups consisting of 30 chicks in each group. The chicks were reared under deep litter production system of management. These chicks were provided with broilers starter and finisher feeds formulated to provide 22% CP and 20% CP respectively. T1, fed mixed ration only, served as control. T2 was fed mixed ration supplemented with 250 mg/kg vit. E, T3 was fed mixed ration supplemented with 50 mg/kg Zn, T4 was fed mixed ration supplemented with 0.7 mg/kg Cr., T5 was feed mixed ration supplemented with 250 mg/kg vit. E + 50 mg/kg Zn. , T6 was fed mixed ration supplemented with 250 mg/kg vit. E + 0.7 mg/kg Cr. , T7 was fed mixed ration supplemented with 50 mg/kg Zn. + 0.7 mg/kg Cr. , T8 was fed mixed ration supplemented with 250 mg/kg vit. E + 50 mg/kg Zn. +0.7 mg/kg Cr. Growth performance, carcass quality and hemato-biochemical parameters were investigated. The average body weight of six week of broiler chicks were 1576.58 ± 2.45, 1701.90 ± 2.45, 1673.80 ± 2.45, 1631.63 ± 2.45, 1799.50 ± 2.45, 1770.00 ± 2.45, 1738.90 ± 2.45 and 1862.40 ± 2.45 gm in group T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 , T7, and T8 respectively. The 6th week body weight differences among the treatment groups were statistically significant (p<0.05).The average total feed consumption from 1-6 weeks were 3500.01 ± 1.16, 3522.93 ± 1.73, 3514.98 ± 2.31, 3508.00 ± 3.46, 3545.02 ± 3.46, 3540.00 ± 2.89, 3529.97 ± 3.46 and 3549.96 ± 4.04 gm for the group T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 , T7, and T8 respectively. The total feed consumption from1-6 weeks among the treatment groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). The average total feed conversion ratio for the period 1-6 week were 2.29 ± 0.005, 2.11 ± 0.003, 2.14 ± 0.003, 2.22 ± 0.005,2.03 ± 0.005, 2.06 ± 0.005, 2.09 ± 0.005 and 1.96 ± 0.005 for group T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 , T7, and T8 respectively The average total cholesterol in mg per dl were 183.07±0.44, 162.00±0.44, 166.33±0.50, 171.33±0.59, 141.00±0.54, 148.00±0.69, 150.33±0.45 and 135.33±0.63 for T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 , T7, and T8 respectively. The average dressed carcass percent for the different treatment groups were 69.40±0.42, 71.06±0.57, 70.40±0.34, 69.80±0.23, 72.90±0.21, 72.50±0.15, 71.80±0.31and 73.50±0.10 for T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 , T7, and T8 respectively. The average thigh weight percent for the different treatment groups 30.50 ± 0.08, 32.40 ± 0.05, 31.90 ± 0.03, 31.30 ± 0.06, 33.30 ± 0.03, 33.10 ± 0.05, 32.80 ± 0.08, 33.80 ± 0.06 for T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 and T8 respectively. Weekly feed consumption, weekly body weight and weekly body weight gain were significantly higher in supplemented treatment groups with combined elements than individual elements and lowest in control group. Dressing %, Eviscerated Weight % , Thigh weight % , Liver wt %, Heart wt%, Spleen wt %, Gizzard wt % were higher in supplemented groups and lowest in control group. The highest % of carcass characteristics was observed in T8. Hemato-biochemical characteristics were significantly higher in supplemented groups than control except for cholesterol which was higher in control groups as compared to supplemented groups. Total and weekly feed consumption was not significantly differ in 0-3 weeks’ period but showed a significant difference among treatment groups from 4-6 weeks of the experiment. T8 showed a preferentially high total and weekly feed consumption. The present investigation showed an improvement in growth performance, hemato-biochemical parameters and carcass characteristics among treatment groups supplemented with vitamin E, zinc, chromium either individually or in combination as compared to control groups. The effects were higher when the elements supplemented were combined due to their synergistic effects. It is therefore concluded that supplementation of combined vitamin E, chromium and zinc has a preferential effect on growth performance, hemato-biochemical parameters and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens as compared to supplementing individual elements or control in broiler production.ThesisItem Open Access MODELING LACTATION CURVE IN MURRAH BUFFALOES USING MONTHLY TEST DAY MILK YIELDS(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2015) SINGH, NITESH KUMAR; Rajbir Singh; Y.P. Singh, Nazim AliThe present study was undertaken on first lactation production and reproduction records of 191 Murrah buffaloes maintained at GLF, Hisar and LRC, SVPUAT, Meerut over a period of 12 years (2003-2014). The data were classified according to season, period, age groups to study the effect of non-genetic factors.The overall least squares means of age at first calving (AFC), lactation length (LL), 305 days or less milk yields (305DMY) were obtained as 1278.891 ± 18.42 days;335.29 ± 5.95 days and 2447.867± 41.23 kg, respectively. Period had highly significant effect (P≤0.01) on Age at first calving and first lactation 305 days or less milk yield, whereas significant effect (P≤0.05) of period was found on first lactation length. However, the effect of season on all first lactation traits was found to be non-significant; whereas effect of age groups was also found to be non-significant on all first lactation traits. The data were used to estimate lactation curve parameters for three lactation curve models viz., Inverse polynomial function (IPF), Gamma type function (GF) and Mixed log function (MLF). The mean of monthly test day milk yields (MTDMY) increased from 5.373 ± 0.177 kg on MTDMY1 to a peak yield of 10.636 ± 0.214 kg (MTDMY3) for first lactation. The estimates of coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) for IPF, GF and MLF were 99.49%, 97.24%, 98.08% and 0.223kg, 0.117kg, 0.081kg, respectively. IPF fitted best to the MTDMY data followed by MLF on the basis of higher R2 and lower RMSE estimates, whereas GF fitted least.By using backward elimination method of multiple linear regression, lactation 305DMY could be predicted as early as 125th day of lactation on the basis of fifth test day milk yield aloneThesisItem Open Access Determination of nutritional status of dairy cattle with the help of milk urea nitrogen under field and farm condition(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2013) Ansari, Arif; D.S.Sahu; D.S. Sahu, S.K. Verma, Nazim Ali, S.P. Yadav,Rajbir SinghThe present study was conducted to study the milk urea nitrogen concentration at different farms and asses nutritional status of their animals through milk urea nitrogen and to study the feeding cost of milk production. The study was carried out on three different farms viz. Military Dairy Farm, Meerut Cantt (MF); Private Dairy Farm, Shivaya (PF) and Livestock Research Centre (LRC) of SVP Uni. of Ag. & Tech.Meerut. From each farm 10 adult milking cows were selected randomly. At MF cows belonged to Frieswal breed. At PF, the cows were crossbred while at LRC the cows were of Sahiwal breed. The wheat straw/ oat straw (4 kg to each cows) was offered in the morning hours at around 10:00 AM and half of the wheat straw/ oat straw (4 kg to each cows) was offered in the evening hours at around 4:00 PM. The samples of feed materials fed at different farms were collected at weekly interval. At Military Farm, Meerut, the DM, CP, CF, EE, Total Ash and AIA content of green maize varied from 20.07 to 25.16%, 6.22 to 10.42%, 28.56 to 32.90%, 1.98 to 2.17%, 7.15 to 11.59% and 3.40 to 4.66% respectively during different weeks. The DM, CP, CF, EE, total Ash and AIA content in wheat straw ranged from 95.40 to 96.00%, 4.90%, 41.62 to 47.05%, 1.70 to 1.93%, 5.22 to 7.48% and 3.16 to 5.50% respectively. The DM, CP, CF, EE, total Ash and AIA content in concentrate feed ranged from 92.00 to 92.60%, 13.57 to 13.74%, 4.92 to 6.66%, 2.10 to 2.27%, 7.12 to 7.86% and 1.77 to 2.43% respectively. The dry matter intake (kg/day) of experimental lactating cows at LRC, SVPUA&T Meerut was significantly lower (p<0.01) than Military Farm, Meerut and Private Dairy Farm, Shivaya, Meerut where the dry matter intake was highest. The experimental lactating cows were fed on the basis of their milk production therefore the cows at Private Dairy Farm, Shivaya Meerut were getting maximum quantity of concentrate than the cows at other farms. The crude protein intake of the experimental lactating cows at LRC, SVPUA&T, Meerut was significantly lower (p<0.01) than the crude protein intake of the experimental lactating cows at Private Dairy Farm, Shivaya and Military Farm, Meerut. Milk urea nitrogen content in the milk of experimental lactating cows at Private Dairy Farm, Shivaya was significantly higher (p<0.01) than the milk urea nitrogen content in the milk of experimental lactating cows at Military Farm, Meerut and LRC, SVPUA&T, Meerut. The average feeding cost of milk production was recorded as 8.61±0.29 Rs./kg which was significantly lower (p<0.01) than average cost of milk production at Military Farm, Meerut and LRC, SVPUA&T, Meerut. It was concluded that the high level of milk urea nitrogen is detrimental to animal health therefore it must be brought down either by lowering down the crude protein content in the diet of the cow or by increasing energy content of the ration being fed to the cows so that the ingested protein could be used perfectly by the animal.ThesisItem Open Access “Comparative studies of semen quality of murrah buffalo and frieswal cattle”(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2015) Chauhan, H.S; Kumar, Raj.The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the performance of Frieswal cattle and Murrah buffalo bulls or some seminal attributes like semen volume sperm concentration (million per ml), sperm concentration (million per ejaculate), progressive motility, HOST in freshly collected semen. A total number of 60 bulls of each species of cattle (frieswal) and buffalo (murrah) were used. It was found that the overall mean average of volume, sperm concentration (million per ml), sperm concentration (million per ejaculate), and progressive motility was 4.66±0.36 (ml), and 2.38±0.22 ml, 1147.58±.82.77 and 1234.83±76.56 (million/ml), 5347.72±203.82 and 2938.90±203.56 (million per ejaculate) and 83.06±0.79 74.42± 2.41 (percent), for frieswal cattle bull and Murrah buffalo bulls, respectively. Statistical analysis shown highly significant differences in both species. The mean of HOST positive spermatozoa (percent) overall mean 73.76±1.10 and 53.02±1.17 in frieswall cattle bull and murrah buffalo bull, respectively. The overall mean value of VAP, VSL, VCL, ALH, BCF, STR LIN and Elongation was found as 101.93± 3.11 µm/s, 131.22±3.06 µm/s, 217.19µm/s, and 67.34±2.41 µm/s, 107.32±2.67 µm/s and 201.10±5.67, 223.88±7.84 µm/s and 9.06±1.21, 7.78±0.34 µm/s and 19.54±0.52, 33.75±0.82 Hz and 59.99±0.03, 74.00±2.11 percent and 32.78±0.02, 41.83±1.68 percent and 39.17±0.003, 36.93±0.65 percent for frieswal cattle bull and Murrah buffalo bulls, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access “Effect of Anna Pratha practice in Livestock Management in Bundelkhand region”(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2015) Ram, Dhani; Yadav, S.P.; Yadav, J.;Rajkumar,;Sahu,D.S.;India has a great heritage of bovine keeping. Bovine availability in the country was due to her intrinsic importance in supplying milk, manure and motive force for the country’s agricultural economy. The present study was conducted to anna pratha management practices of live stocks in two Block, six villages and total 360 respondents, in Bundelkhand region of central India. The total daily milk yield per households almost increased with the increase in herd size. While milk product remains almost constant with the farm size. The values of regression coefficient of fodder cost were positive and highly significant (p > 0.01) for all the categories of farmers except medium category. The regression coefficient of mineral mixture was positive and statically significant for medium farmers. In case of large farmers, labour cost was found to be positive and significant indicating there by the importance of better management by employing more manpower in increasing the net return from dairy enterprise. The overall regression coefficient of herd size was positive and found highly significant for medium and large farmers. This indicated that most of the farmers in the study area had the herd size below the optimum size. There is a scope for increasing the milch animals to enhance their net income. Green fodder feeding is practiced by only 27.47 per cent farmers the percentage of farmers preferred straw feeding was the highest (31.62%). About one-fourth, of the farmers could not feed plenty of green fodder as they did not grow sufficient fodder due to cereal crop pressure on land and it was difficult to procure it from outside. Most of the farmers (92.50 %) did not provide concentrate to their animals. However 7.5 per cent of farmers provide concentrate, dry concentrate and green fodder plus concentrate was observed in 15.67, 4.12 and 2.50 per cent of the sample households. The most common source of water used by the sample households was pumping set/hand pumps plus water pond/ditches plus water works depending on the season, time and availability of manpower. While a small number of farmers was dependents upon johar for drinking water in the landless and small farmer’s categories of the sample households. About 75.26 per cent of the farmers were offering water in tasla/buckets to their animals followed by 19.59 per cent farmers in the old drums by the sample households. It was conceded from the variation that remaining differences was contributed by other manage mental factors and dry days, lactation length, etc. of milch animal.
