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Open Access
DUAL PURPOSE POTENTIAL OF OAT VARIETIES UNDER DIFFERENT CUTTING MANAGEMENT
(ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL, 2022) KANIKA BHAKUNI; RAKESH KUMAR
A field experiment entitled “Dual purpose potential of oat varieties under different cutting management” was carried out during the rabi season, 2021 at Research Farm of Agronomy Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana. The soil of the experimental field was clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction (pH 7.65) and had 0.62% soil organic carbon (SOC), 176.50, 21.7 and 184.40 kg ha-1 available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), respectively. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design having four dual-purpose varieties of oat, i.e., HFO-114 (V1), HFO-607 (V2), JHO-851 (V3) and Kent (V4) under the main plot treatments and four cutting management practices, i.e., no cut (C1), cut at 45 DAS, then left for grain production (C2), cut at 55 DAS, then left for grain production (C3) and cut at 65 DAS ,then left for grain production (C4) under the sub-plot treatments which were replicated thrice. The observations were taken at 30 DAS, 45 DAS, 55 DAS, 65 DAS and harvest, respectively. Among tested varieties, significantly higher plant height and leaf length were recorded with varieties Kent (V4) and HFO-607 (V2) whereas, JHO-851 (V3) obtained a significantly higher number of tillers, number of leaves and leaf stem ratio over other varieties at 30, 45, 55, 65 DAS and harvest. Moreover, the leaf width of variety HFO- 607 (V2) was found significantly superior to other varieties. Variety Kent (32.50, 6.19 t ha-1) was at par with HFO-607 (31.69, 5.62 t ha-1) and significantly higher over HFO-114 (30.59, 5.16 t ha-1) and JHO-851 (28.52, 4.42 t ha-1) for total green fodder, dry matter yields respectively. Grain yield contributing characters (panicle length, panicle weight, number of grains per panicle and test weight) and grain yield were observed significantly higher and statistically at par in varieties HFO-114 (2.69 t ha-1), HFO-607 (2.81 t ha-1) and Kent (2.63 t ha-1) over JHO-851 (2.23 t ha-1). In terms of nutritional quality, the JHO-851 (V3) variety was proved better with higher values of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), total ash (TA), acid insoluble ash (AIA) and lower values of negative quality factors, i.e., neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) in both fodder and straw, which was followed by Kent (V4) & HFO-607 (V2) (non-significant with each other). Statistically, maximum values of soil available N and K were recorded in variety JHO-851 (V3), whereas available P in soil was recorded non-significant among varieties. On a monetary basis, significantly highest net returns and B: C ratio were obtained with Kent (V4) (` 90314.67 and 2.19, respectively) and HFO-607 (V2) (` 87759.01 and 2.13, respectively) varieties compared to others. Among cutting management practices, growth parameters like plant height, the number of tillers per plant, leaf length number of leaves and leaf width increased with delayed cutting (45 DAS to 65 DAS), which significantly resulted in superior green and dry fodder yield at 65 DAS (C4). However, at harvest, growth parameters and grain parameters varied and were found out significantly higher for no cut (C1), followed by cut taken at 45 DAS (C2), 55 DAS (C3) and 65 DAS (C4) treatments for green fodder and then left for grain production. Therefore, grain, straw and biological yields were significantly higher for no cut treatment (C1), followed by the cut taken at 45 DAS (C1). Considering the quality aspect, it was noted that CP and EE were found significantly higher and other factors like NDF, ADF and ADL were found significantly lower in fodder for treatment where the cut was taken at 45 DAS (C2). However, for straw, significantly higher values of CP, EE, and Ash and lower values of NDF and ADF were recorded for the cut at 65 DAS and no cut treatments. From the nutritional point of view fodder N, P and K content were significantly higher for treatment cut at 45 DAS (C2). Furthermore, for straw and grain at harvest, statistically maximum percentages of N, P and K were obtained for no cut treatment (C1). In the case of soil fertility, available N, P and K were confirmed significantly higher for no cut treatment (C1) and then cut taken at 45 DAS (C2). Amongst all, considerably higher net returns (` 91445.39) and B: C ratio (2.22) was received undercut at 55 DAS (C3) but found non-significant for net returns (` 90578.21) and BC ratio (2.20) with the cut at 45 DAS (C2). It can be inferred that for dual purpose oats, varieties Kent (V4) or HFO-607 (V2) with a single cut at 55 DAS (C3) for fodder and subsequently left for grain purpose provided higher green and dry fodder, grain, and straw yield, with good quality and higher net returns and B: C ratio.
Open Access
EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA AND FARMYARD MANURE ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF BERSEEM UNDER ORGANIC FARMING
(ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL, 2022) DARSHAN K. S.; SANJEEV KUMAR
A field experiment entitled “Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and farmyard manure on yield and quality of berseem under organic farming’’ was carried out during the rabi season of 2021-22 at Research Farm of Agronomy Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal Haryana (India). The soil of experimental field was clay loam in texture, neutral to slightly alkaline in reaction (7.62), medium in organic carbon (0.652) and available potassium (197.1 kg ha-1), low in available nitrogen (182.76 kg ha-1) and high in available phosphorus (33.7 kg ha-1). The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with six replication and six treatments viz., T1: absolute control, T2: 100% RDF, T3: PGPR, T4: FYM@15 t ha-1, T5: PGPR+FYM@15 t ha-1 and T6: 50%RDF+PGPR in berseem crop. The results indicated the effect of various nutrient source of treatments were recorded no significant difference in crop growth at 30 DAS, whereas significant differences were observed in plant height, leaf length, number of leaves, root length, root volume, number of root nodules, fresh and dry weight of roots at 45 DAS, 1st cut, 2nd cut and 3rd cut of berseem crop. Maximum total green fodder (58.92 t ha-1) and total dry fodder yield (6.1 t ha-1) recorded in T2 followed by T5 (54.11 t ha-1 and 5.53 t ha- 1 respectively). Among different organic treatments, application of PGPR+FYM@15 t ha-1 (T5) recorded maximum values of crop growth attributes as well as root growth parameters. Fodder quality parameters such as DM, CP, EE, TA, AIA and nutrient content (NPK%) were recorded significantly maximum in T2 with application of 100% RDF during 1st cut and treatment T5 with application PGPR+FYM@15 t ha-1 during 2nd and 3rd cut of berseem fodder. Fiber fractions were recorded maximum in T1 in each cut and minimum in T2 during 1st cut and T5 during 2nd and 3rd cut. Maximum NPK uptake in each cut and total were recorded in T2 followed by T5. Soil physio-chemical parameters such as pH, EC, OC and BD were recorded a non-significant difference between treatments, whereas available NPK and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) are recorded statistically maximum in treatment T5. Soil biological properties such as soil microbial population count and soil enzymatic activities were recorded maximum in treatment T5 followed by T4. Maximum gross return and net return was recorded in T5 (141740 and 89545 ₹ ha-1 respectively), whereas maximum B:C ratio of 2.56 was recorded in T3 followed by T2.
Open Access
EFFECT OF TREATED SEWAGE WATER IRRIGATION ON FODDER OATS (Avena sativa L.)
(ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL, 2022) SHASHIKANT KUMAR SABAL; ANURAG SAXENA
The field experiment entitled “Effect of treated sewage water irrigation on fodder oats (Avena sativa L.)” was conducted during Rabi season 2021-22 at Research Farm of Agronomy Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana), India. The soil of the experimental field was clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction (pH 7.93), medium in organic carbon (0.58 %), low in available nitrogen (174.2 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (22.51 kg ha-1) and available potassium (200.7 kg ha-1). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three level of irrigation in main plots i.e., Irrigation with tube well water (TW), Alternate irrigation with tube well + treated sewage water (AL) and Irrigation with treated sewage water (TSW) and four levels of fertilizers in sub plots, i.e., control (F1), 50% RDF (F2), 75% RDF (F3) and 100% RDF (F4) with three replications. Irrigation with treated sewage water performed significantly better in terms of growth, green fodder (31.08, 25.78 and 56.86 t ha-1) and dry fodder yield (5.49, 4.28 and 9.77 t ha-1) as compared to rest of treatments (alternate and tube well water irrigation) at first cut, second cut and total yield, respectively. Among different level of fertilizer, significantly higher growth parameters, green fodder (30.09, 24.70 and 54.79 t ha-1) and dry fodder yield (5.32, 4.10 and 9.42 tha-1) at first cut, second cut and total yield recorded with F4 treatment that was found statistically at par with F3 and F2 levels. Among different irrigation sources significantly higher CP (12.11 and 11.08%), TA (9.59 and 8.69%), AIA (2.66 and 2.74%) at first and second cut recorded with SW treatment. Among different level of fertilizer, significantly higher CP (11.90 and 10.83%), TA (9.74 and 8.85%), AIA (2.61 and 2.70%) at first and second cut recorded with F4 treatment. However TA and AIA content were found statistically at par with F3 treatments at both cut. Lower fibre fraction i.e., NDF and ADF at both cuts were not significant with sewage water irrigation and F4 level than other irrigation sources and fertilizer levels. Irrigation with sewage water and application of F3 and F4 practices significantly enhanced nutrient content and uptake of fodder oats over Control treatment. Effect of TSW on chemical properties (NPK) of soil after the harvest of fodder oats was significant over the TW but at par with AL treatment. Though, application of F3 and F4 practices significantly improved the chemical properties of soil after the harvest of crop as compared to control treatment. On the basis of findings of the present investigation, it can be concluded that treated sewage water irrigation with 50% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer can be used to improve the productivity, fodder quality, profitability.
Open Access
SCHEDULING OF NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN DUAL PURPOSE WHEAT
(ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL, 2022) SHILPASHREE G. R.; HARDEV RAM
A field experiment was conducted on “Scheduling of nitrogen management in dual purpose wheat” during Rabi season in 2021-22 at Research Farm, Agronomy Section, ICAR–National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana). The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design with three varieties viz., DBW 303, DBW 222 & DBW 187 in main plot and four nitrogen schedules viz., N1: 100% Recommended Dose of Nitrogen (RDN) (⅓ at basal + ⅓ at 1st irrigation + ⅓ at 2nd irrigation) with no cut; N2: 100% RDN (⅓ at basal + ⅓ at 1st irrigation + ⅓ at 2nd irrigation) with cut; N3: 100% RDN (¼ at basal + ¼ at 1st irrigation + ¼ at 2nd irrigation + ¼ after cutting) with cut and N4: 125% RDN (¼ at basal + ¼ at 1st irrigation + ¼ at 2nd irrigation + ¼ after cutting) with cut in sub plot with three replication. Full dose of P & K and other agronomic practices were followed as per wheat production except scheduling of nitrogen. The soil of experimental field was clay loam in texture, neutral to alkaline in reaction, low in nitrogen and medium in organic carbon, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The experiment results revealed that significantly higher growth parameters viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length and number of tillers m-2 as well as green fodder yield (138.172 q ha-1) at 60 days after sowing were recorded with DBW 303. However, after cutting significantly higher growth & yield attributes, grain yield and straw yield were recorded with variety DBW 222. Grain yield was increased by 2.78 and 14.49 percent with DBW 222 over DBW 187 and DBW 303, respectively. Fodder quality of dual-purpose wheat did not attain a level of significance except in crude protein, ether extract and total ash contents, which was found maximum in DBW 222. Quality parameters of straw in dual purpose wheat did not vary significantly by varieties. Higher N content in grain and total N uptake was recorded with DBW 222. However, P and K content in green fodder, straw and grain did not vary significantly among different varieties and N management. Among different N management, growth parameters, yield attributes, grain yield and straw yield were recorded significantly higher in cutting treatment i.e. N1 levels of nitrogen. However, higher grain and straw yield in cutting treatment was recorded with N4 levels of nitrogen. Higher crude protein, ether extract, total ash and acid insoluble ash content and lower neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin content in green fodder and straw were recorded with N2 and N1 levels of nitrogen, respectively. Higher crude protein content in grain was recorded with N1. Total N uptake and available N after harvest was found higher in N4 levels of nitrogen scheduling. Interaction effects of varieties and nitrogen levels were found significant w.r.t number of spikes m-2, number of grains per spike and grain yield. Magnitude of reduction in grain yield with cutting treatment combination DBW 222 × N4 over uncut treatment combination DBW 303 × N1 is around 7 percent. The maximum net return (`1,29,320 ha-1) and B: C ratio (2.9) were recorded in variety DBW 222 and N4 levels of nitrogen combination. Based on above findings DBW 222 with 125 % of N (180 N kg ha-1) application in four split of ¼ as basal + ¼ at 1st irrigation + ¼ at 2nd irrigation + ¼ after fodder cut is recommended under dual purpose wheat to sustain high quality green fodder supply for dairy based farming with minimal reduction in grain yield.
Open Access
Evaluation of fodder rice bean under various planting geometry and phosphorus levels
(ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL, 2021) M. Pramod; RAM, HARDEV
A field experiment entitled “Evaluation of fodder rice bean under various planting geometry and phosphorus levels” was carried out during Rainy season of 2020-21at Research Farm of Agronomy Section, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three planting geometry (Broadcasting, 30×10 and 40×10 cm spacing) along with four levels phosphorus (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5/ha) in three replications. The soil of an experimental site was neutral in reaction, clay loam in texture, medium in organic carbon, low in available N and medium in available P and K. The experiment results revealed that significantly highest growth parameters viz., number of leaves/plant and number of branches/plant were recorded at planting geometry 40×10 cm. Whereas, maximum plant height was recorded at Broadcasting. Significantly maximum number of nodules/plant, nodules fresh weight/plant, leaf length and stem girth were observed in 30×10 cm, while nodule number, nodule fresh weight and stem girth were on par with 40×10 cm. Planting geometry of 30×10 cm recorded significantly maximum green fodder yield (176.71 q/ha) and dry matter yield (39.87 q/ha). The magnitude of increment in green fodder yield due to planting geometry of 30×10 cm to tune of 8.7 and 4.7% over Broadcasting and 40×10 cm, respectively. Fodder quality of rice bean does not attained a level of significant except EE% which was significantly higher with at planting geometry of 40×10 cm but which is statistically at par with 30 ×10 cm. Planting geometry of 30 ×10 cm recorded significantly maximum crude protein yield, ether extract yield and total ash yield. Significantly higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake were recorded with at planting geometry of 30×10 cm. Available N in soil after the harvest of fodder rice bean was significantly higher under planting geometry 40×10 cm compared to rest of the treatments. Among the different phosphorus levels, superior growth attributes viz., number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width and number of branches were recorded with application of 40 kg P2O5/ha over rest of the treatments except 60 kg P2O5/ha. Similarly, application of 40 kg P2O5 significantly recorded higher green fodder yield (188.33 q/ha) and dry matter yield (42.65 q/ha) over 20 and 0 kg P2O5 but which was statistically on par with 60 kg P2O5/ha. Magnitude of increment of green fodder yield due to application of 40 kg P2O5 to tune of 13.35 and 27.43% over 20 and 0 kg P2O5, respectively. Fodder quality parameters viz., CP%, OM %, Total Ash %, NDICP (%CP) and ADICP (%CP) were recorded with 40 kg P2O5 but which is statistically on par with 60 kg P2O5/ha. Among phosphorus levels, application 40 kg P2O5/ha recorded significantly greater crude protein yield, ether extract yield and total ash yield as compare to 20 and 0 kg P2O5/ha. Significantly higher N, P and K content and uptake were recorded with application of 60 kgP2O5 and it remains on par with 40 kg P2O5/ha. Application of phosphorus at rate of 60 kg P2O5/ha significantly enhanced available N and P as compared to other treatments but available N was on par with 40 kg P2O5. However, significantly lowest available K recorded at 60 kg P2O5/ha. Interaction effects of planting geometry and phosphorus levels were found significant w.r.t total number of nodules per plant, nodules fresh weight per plant and green fodder yield. The highest gross returns (`39,467/ha), net returns (`20,813/ha) and B:C ratio (1.12) were obtained in the treatment combination planting geometry of 30 x 10 cm and phosphorus level 40 kg P2O5/ha. Based on above findings it can recommended that fodder rice bean grow with planting geometry of 30 x10 cm and application phosphorus at rate of 40 kg P2O5/ha can sustain the yield, returns and soil heath.
Open Access
EVALUATION OF NANO-NITROGEN EFFICACY IN OATS (Avena sativaL.)
(ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL, 2021) RAJESH; KUMAR, RAKESH
A field experiment entitled “Evaluation of Nano-Nitrogen efficacy in Oats (Avena sativa L.)” was carried out during Rabi season, 2020 at Research Farm of Agronomy Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana). The soil of research trial was clay loam in texture, neutral to alkaline in reactivity (pH-7.7), medium in organic carbon (0.63 %) and available P (25.7 kg/ha) and K (185.4 kg/ha), low in available nitrogen (172.6 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design. The experiment was conducted on different doses of urea and nano nitrogen consisted four replications with six treatments i.e. Absolute control, 100% RDN through Urea, 75% RDN + 25% N through Nano-N, 50% RDN + 50% N through Nano- N, 25% RDN + 75% N through Nano-N, 100% RDN through Nano-N. The application of 100% RDN through urea recorded significantly highest plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length and leaf width, maximum tillers/plant, total green fodder yield and dry fodder yield over control. The treatment 75% RDN + 25% through nano nitrogen was remained at par with 100% RDN through urea. Dry matter (DM) content, crude protein (CP) content and crude protein yield (q/ha), ether extract content (%) and ether extract yield (q/ha), neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, cellulose and hemi-cellulose (%) of oats were significantly higher during I cut and II cut with application of 100% RDN through urea over control and statistically at par with 75% RDN + 25% N nano nitrogen. The lowest values of these parameters were recorded with absolute control treatment. The DMI, DMD, total digestible nutrients, net energy for lactation and relative feed quality and digestible energy (DE) were recorded markedly higher with application of 100% RDN through urea over control. Application of 75% RDN + 25% N through Nano-N was remained at par with 100% RDN through urea. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and uptake at I cut and II cut, available N, P and K in soil, soil microbial activities (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) were significantly increased by using 100% RDN through urea. Application of 75% RDN + 25% N through Nano-N was found statistically at par with application of 100% RDN through urea. Significantly higher net return (`64,313/ha) and B: C ratio of 2.36 was obtained with application of 100% RDN through urea over control.
Open Access
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED POTASSIUM MANAGEMENT ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF CHINESE CABBAGE
(ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL, 2021) CHOUDHARY, MAHENDRA; KUMAR, SANJEEV
A field experiment entitled “Effect of integrated potassium management on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage” was conducted during the Rabi season 2020 at the research farm of agronomy section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana. The soil of the experiment site was clay loam in texture, neutral to slight alkaline in reaction, clay loam in texture, high in phosphorus, medium in organic carbon and potassium whereas it was low in nitrogen. The experiment was laid down in Randomized Complete Block Design with eight treatments like wise T1 -Control, T2 - RDK (MOP), T3- 75%RDK (MOP)+ nano K fertilizer spray @ 25 and 40 DAS, T4- 50% RDK +PGPR + nano K fertilizer spray @ 25 and 40 DAS, T5- 75% RDK +PGPR + nano K fertilizer spray @ 25 and 40 DAS, T6- 50%RDK +25 % K through FYM + PGPR + nano K fertilizer spray @ 25 and 40 DAS, T7- 75%RDK +25 % K through FYM + PGPR + nano K fertilizer spray @ 25 and 40 DAS, T8- 100%RDK +25 % K through FYM + PGPR + nano K fertilizer spray @ 25 and 40 DASand three replications. Results revealed that treatment T8i.e., 100%RDK +25 % K through FYM + PGPR + nano K fertilizer spray @ 25 and 40 DAS was found superior at 45 DAS and harvest in plant growth parameter viz., Plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, stem girth, root length, root volume, and leaf stem ratio. Significantly maximum green fodder yield and dry fodder yield were achieved in T8 treatment. Similarly, the various quality parameters such as dry matter content, crude protein content, ether extract, and total ash were recorded significantly highest whereas NDF, ADF, ADL, and AIA were recorded significantly lowest in treatment T8. The treatment T8 documented a higher value in N, K, S, and micronutrient content. Soil parameters viz., available nitrogen, and phosphorus were recorded maximum in T7 whereas the maximum available potassium was noted in T8 treatment. From the viewpoint of the economics of fodder Chinese cabbage, the highest gross return and net return were noted under treatment T8 whereas maximum B: C ratio was recorded in treatment T2. Overall, the application of 75 %RDK +25 % K through FYM + PGPR + nano K fertilizer spray @ 25 and 40 DAS could be a more productive, profitable, and sustainable approach.
Open Access
PERFORMANCE OF MULTI-CUT OATS (Avena sativa L.) VARIETIES TO FOLIAR APPLICATION OF WATER SOLUBLE FERTILIZERS AND GROWTH REGULATORS
(ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL, 2021) TIWARI, PRAMOD KUMAR; MEENA, RAJESH KUMAR
Agronomic experiment entitled “Performance of multi-cut oats (Avena sativa L.) Varieties to foliar application of water soluble fertilizers and growth regulators” carried out during Rabi seasons of 2020-2021 at Agronomic Research Farm, ICARNational Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana). The study trial consisted of seven treatments in sub plots with two oats varieties in main plots. The experimental trial was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The observations from field and laboratory were further statistically analyzed regarding various treatments. The treatments combinations in main plots were; V1= Kent; V2= Pro-leaf and in sub plots; N1= 100% RDF (control); N2= 75% RDF fb. two FS of KN(13:45) at 25 DAS and 20 DAFC; N3=75% RDF fb. two FS of NPK S enriched (18:18:18:6.1) at 25 DAS and 20 DAFC; N4=75% RDF fb. two FS of MAP (12:61) at 25 DAS and 20 DAFC; N5= 75% RDF fb. two FS of seaweed extract (Sagarika) at 25 DAS and 20 DAFC; N6=75% RDF fb. two FS of NAA(4.5% Sl.) at 25 DAS and 20 DAFC; N7=75% RDF fb. two FS of GA3(0.02%) at 25 DAS and 20 DAFC. The soil of an experimental site was neutral in reaction with clay loam in texture. Chemically, it was low in available N and medium in organic carbon, available P and K status. The experiment results revealed that the higher growth parameters viz., plant height, leaf length, leaf width were recorded in Kent variety. Whereas in Pro-leaf variety was found superior in leaf number, leaf area index and leaf stem ratio with N4 treatment. Comparatively higher green fodder yield (56.86 t/ha) has been recorded in Pro-leaf variety than Kent variety. Whereas, with respect to various nutrition approaches, significantly higher (59.06 t/ha) GFY was obtained in N4 treatment (75% RDF fb. two FS of MAP (12:61) which found at par with N5 (57.7 t/ha). In context to quality aspects, treatment N4 was performed better in total crude protein yield (0.56 and 0.54 t/ha), total ash yield (0.43 and 0.43 t/ha) and ether extract yield (0.12 and 0.12 t/ha) in Pro-leaf variety at 1st and 2nd cutting, respectively. However, non-significant differences were found for NDF, ADF and ADL content amongst the various treatments. The monetary returns of Pro-leaf variety with treatment (N4) accounted highest net returns (`58663/ha) along with maximum B: C ratio (2.63) in comparison with rest of the treatments.
Open Access
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN OATS AND CHINESE CABBAGE INTERCROPPING
(ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL, 2021) GLOTRA, AKSHAY; SINGH, MAGAN
A Field experiment entitled “Nutrient management in oats and chinese cabbage intercropping” was conducted during rabi season, 2020 at research farm of Agronomy Section, ICAR NDRI, Karnal. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with seven treatments (Oats sole + RDF, Chinese Cabbage sole + RDF, Oats + Chinese Cabbage (1:1) + RDF, Oats + Chinese Cabbage (2:1) + RDF, Oats + Chinese Cabbage (1:2) + RDF, Oats + Chinese Cabbage (2:1) + 75% RDF+ FYM+ PGPR, Oats + Chinese Cabbage (1:2) + 75% RDF + FYM+ PGPR and replicated thrice. The soil of the experiment was sandy clayey loamy in texture, slightly alkaline in nature, low in available N, medium in P and high in potassium level. The growth parameters of oats like plant height, number of leaves per tiller and leaf length were significantly affected by nutrient management and recorded highest by the use of PGPR in Oats + Chinese cabbage (2:1) + 75% RDF + FYM +PGPR. Highest total green fodder yield, dry fodder yield and land equivalent ratio were obtained using the integrated nutrient management in the “Oats + CC (2:1) + 75% RDF + FYM + PGPR”. There was no significant effect on the quality parameters like CP%, EE%, Ash%, NDF% and ADF% due to the nutrient management. Highest gross and net returns were also obtained from integrated nutrient management treatment with higher proportion of the oats with the use of PGPR i.e., “Oats + CC (2:1) + 75% RDF + FYM + PGPR”. Intercropping ratios also significantly affected parameters related to growth in both the crops. In case of oats highest plant height, number of leaves tiller-1, leaf length recorded in the intercropping of 2:1 but with use of PGPR i.e., Oats + CC (2:1) + 75% RDF+ FYM + PGPR and in chinese cabbage growth parameters like plant height, number of primary branches at harvesting, leaf length were also found maximum in the intercropping treatment with higher chinese cabbage proportion i.e., Oats + CC (1:2) + 75% RDF + FYM + PGPR. Maximum green fodder yield and land equivalent ratio were found highest in the intercropping i.e., Oats + CC (2:1) + 75% RDF+ FYM + PGPR which was significantly higher than sole cropping treatment. Intercropping ratios did not affect the various quality parameters related to both the crops but affected the yield of quality parameters due to changing plant population in different treatments. There was no significant difference in the soil chemical properties due to both intercropping and nutrient management. Oats + CC (2:1) + 75% RDF + FYM + PGPR performed better than all other for obtaining higher green fodder yield, dry fodder yield and maximum returns.

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