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Theses

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2019 - 20204
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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × End date: 2020 × Start date: 2019 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECTS OF ROOT EXTRACT OF SAUSSUREA LAPPA ON CHEMICAL INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN RATS
    (CSKHPKV Palampur, 2020-09-10) ABHISHEK, KUMAR; Asrani, R.K.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON PATHOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN BOVINE CALVES WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON BOVINE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS AND PARAINFLUENZA-3 VIRUS INFECTION.
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-23) Sameeksha; Gupta, V.K.
    The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and the factors responsible for respiratory diseases in bovine calves during April, 2018 to May, 2019. A total 210 nasal swabs were collected from the necropsy (18), clinically sick (130) and apparently healthy calves (62). Besides, 24 tracheal and 12 lung swabs from necropsy cases were also collected. 33 calves were examined at necropsy. Pneumonia was recorded in all 33(100%) calves and was considered an important contributor to death. Out of 33 cases, gross lesions suggestive of bronchopneumonia seen in 7/33 (21.2%), interstitial pneumonia in 4/33 (12.1%) and bronchointerstitial pneumonia in 22 (66.7%). Bronchointerstitial pneumonia revealed mixed characteristic features of suppurative bronchopneumonia and interstitial pneumonia. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 30.3 % of the clinical samples. E. coli comprised 23.6% of the isolates in necropsy. Bacterial isolates seen in nasal tract were different from the bacterial isolates obtained from lungs / trachea. Single bacterial infection was detected in 51.5% (17/33) cases and polymicrobial infection in 45.5% (15/33) cases. Total 41 lung tissues from necropsy and 104 nasal samples from clinical cases were screened for BRSV using RT-PCR with glycoprotein gene (246bp) primers and showed overall prevalence of 50.4%. BRSV infected lung showed consolidation at the cranioventral and fibrinous pleuritis with range of changes in airways histopathologically multinucleated syncytial cells was seen. Total of 145 cases were screened for BPIV-3 using RT-PCR, no sample was found positive for primer having HN gene. In necropsy, most frequent E.coli pathotype categories were found to be enterotoxigenic (80%) & enteroaggregative (80%). In clinically sick cases frequent pathotype categories found were enterotoxigenic (63.6%). Four (33.3%) of Citrobacter freundii isolates were pathogenic with shiga toxin on PCR analysis. 17.9% Staphylococcus aureus and 15.4% Staphylococcus epidermidis were recorded as pathogenic. Male and female calves showed 20/33 (60.7%) and 13/33 (39.4%) mortalities respectively. Maximum mortality was recorded in <1 M (42.2%) old calves. Most number of deaths were recorded during the summer (36.4%) season. Combination of molecular detection (PCR) along with clinical, gross & histopathology helped in better confirmatory diagnosis of BRSV infection in calves. The present study concluded co-infection of bacterial and BRSV in respiratory infection of young calves.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE PATHOLOGY OF NEOPLASM IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07) Masand, Rupali; Patil, R.D.
    The present work was conducted to study the pathomorphological changes of animal neoplasms by using cytological, gross and histopathological, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. A total of ninety-six (96) tumor cases were collected during September, 2017 to June, 2019. The incidence of neoplasms was highest in canines (71.87%) followed by the bovines (16.67%), rabbits (7.2%), equines (2.08%) and caprine (1.04%). The maximum incidence of neoplasms occurred in the age group of 3-6 years (28.12%) and the incidence was highest during summer (31.25%) followed by winter (25%), monsoon (23.45%) and spring (19%) season. Benign tumors (53.12%) were higher than malignant tumors (46.87%). Location wise highest occurrence of neoplasms was recorded in mammary gland (20.33%) followed by oral region (18.75%), genitalia (11.45%). On basis of cytology, tumors of epithelial origin were 58.04%, mesenchymal origin 32.25% and round cell tumor 9.6%. Canine mammary tumors (18.84%) were found to be most frequently recorded tumors followed by squamous cell carcinoma (13.04%). Histopathological examination of papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, Fibroma, fibrosarcoma, haemangioma, haemangiosarcoma, mast cell tumor, melanocytoma, malignant melanoma, sebaceous adenoma, mammary adenoma and adenocarcinoma, mixed mammary tumor, solid carcinoma of mammary gland, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocellular carcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma, malignant renal cell carcinoma, Sertoli cell tumor, cystic papillary carcinoma revealed charecteristic benign and malignant features. Histochemical staining such as Masson’s trichrome, Van Gieson’s, Toluidine blue and Schmorl's confirmed the tumors as fibroma or fibrosarcoma, leiomyoma, mast cell tumors and melanocytoma or malignant melanoma, respectively. Silver stained nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR)count showed significantly higher count in malignant than benign tumors. Amongst malignant tumor, the highest AgNOR count was found in cholangiocellular carcinoma (6.89±2.00) followed by fibrosarcoma of mammary gland (6.64±2.47) and least in haemagiosarcoma (2.96±1.25). Immunohistochemical studies in tumor for the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p53 and H-ras found to have diagnostic value and supported the hisopathological observations of tumors in animals. Further, TdT mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was found to be useful for determining the role of apoptosis in different animal neoplasms.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INVESTIGATION ON PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MEDICINAL PLANT(S) AGAINST HEPATIC DAMAGE IN RATS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-02-08) Sharma, Rakshita; Asrani, R.K.
    The present study was planned with a view to observe the In-vitro cytotoxicity of 70% ethanolic extract of plant Saussurea lappa, Phyllanthus urinaria, Rheum webbianum, Artemisia nilagirica and Zingiber crysanthum on A549, KB and SiHA cell lines. Extracts were screened for the presence of various polyphenols and main bioactive compounds of respective plant. The plant extract from 3 plants namely Phyllanthus urinaria, Saussurea lappa and Rheum webbianum was used in combination (1:2:2) to study the growth response, mortality, clinical signs, biochemical and pathological changes against DEN induced hepatic damage in rats. Acute toxicity was studied in 6 rats. For final experimentation, 42 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, Group-1: plain control, Group-2: N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) alone. Group-3: DEN with Silymarin @25mg, Group-4: DEN with combination of plant extracts @100mg/kg, Group-5: DEN with combination of plant extract @250mg, Group-6: DEN with combination of plant extract @500mg. The N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was given in drinking water to rats throughout the experiment. The route of plant extract and standard drug was oral intubation throughout the period of experimentation of 17 weeks. Results of the present study showed that rats of group-2 (DEN only) exhibited clinical signs of decrease in body weight, hair loss, dullness, and depression. ALT, AST, Creatinine activity was found to increase, whereas total protein concentration decreased in all the DEN treated groups as compared to the control groups. Biochemical parameters in case of combination groups were lower as compared to the DEN alone group. Grossly, group-2 animal showed hepatomegaly, liver paleness, cirrhosis and multiple nodules over the liver surface. However, in the combination groups the gross lesions of less intensity were observed. Microscopically, the liver of the rats of group-II revealed severe distortion of the hepatic cord arrangement, lobular pattern, bile duct proliferation, nuclear changes, fibrous tissue proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, Kupffer cell hyperplasia and degenerative changes. Similarly, in this group spleen showed coalescing lymphoid pulp, increase in the red pulp. Similar changes were noticed in the combination groups (group-3, 4, 5 and 6), but the changes were less severe in intensity as compared to the DEN alone group. Histopathologically, liver and spleen showed regenerative changes in plant treated groups. Immunohistochemical studies showed positive result for the presence of apoptotic bodies in DEN treatment groups. The results indicated hepatoprotective effect of plant extract in combination. DEN was found to be carcinogenic and produced significant hepatic nodules in rat model during in vivo experimentation.