INVESTIGATION ON PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MEDICINAL PLANT(S) AGAINST HEPATIC DAMAGE IN RATS
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Date
2019-02-08
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CSKHPKV, Palampur
Abstract
The present study was planned with a view to observe the In-vitro cytotoxicity of 70% ethanolic extract of plant Saussurea lappa, Phyllanthus urinaria, Rheum webbianum, Artemisia nilagirica and Zingiber crysanthum on A549, KB and SiHA cell lines. Extracts were screened for the presence of various polyphenols and main bioactive compounds of respective plant. The plant extract from 3 plants namely Phyllanthus urinaria, Saussurea lappa and Rheum webbianum was used in combination (1:2:2) to study the growth response, mortality, clinical signs, biochemical and pathological changes against DEN induced hepatic damage in rats. Acute toxicity was studied in 6 rats. For final experimentation, 42 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, Group-1: plain control, Group-2: N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) alone. Group-3: DEN with Silymarin @25mg, Group-4: DEN with combination of plant extracts @100mg/kg, Group-5: DEN with combination of plant extract @250mg, Group-6: DEN with combination of plant extract @500mg. The N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was given in drinking water to rats throughout the experiment. The route of plant extract and standard drug was oral intubation throughout the period of experimentation of 17 weeks. Results of the present study showed that rats of group-2 (DEN only) exhibited clinical signs of decrease in body weight, hair loss, dullness, and depression. ALT, AST, Creatinine activity was found to increase, whereas total protein concentration decreased in all the DEN treated groups as compared to the control groups. Biochemical parameters in case of combination groups were lower as compared to the DEN alone group. Grossly, group-2 animal showed hepatomegaly, liver paleness, cirrhosis and multiple nodules over the liver surface. However, in the combination groups the gross lesions of less intensity were observed. Microscopically, the liver of the rats of group-II revealed severe distortion of the hepatic cord arrangement, lobular pattern, bile duct proliferation, nuclear changes, fibrous tissue proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, Kupffer cell hyperplasia and degenerative changes. Similarly, in this group spleen showed coalescing lymphoid pulp, increase in the red pulp. Similar changes were noticed in the combination groups (group-3, 4, 5 and 6), but the changes were less severe in intensity as compared to the DEN alone group. Histopathologically, liver and spleen showed regenerative changes in plant treated groups. Immunohistochemical studies showed positive result for the presence of apoptotic bodies in DEN treatment groups. The results indicated hepatoprotective effect of plant extract in combination. DEN was found to be carcinogenic and produced significant hepatic nodules in rat model during in vivo experimentation.
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