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20184
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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2018 ×
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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF AEGLE MARMELOS (KOOVALAM) AND ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA (KIRIYATHA) IN SUBLETHAL AFLATOXICOSIS OF BROILER CHICKEN
    (College of Veterinary and animal Science,Mannuthy, 2018) ANEESH A; Ajith Jacob George
    The present study was undertaken to assess the protective effect of Aegle marmelos (“koovalam”) and Andrographis paniculata (“kiriyatha”) in sublethal aflatoxicosis of broiler chicken. Protective effect of Aegle marmelos and Andrographis paniculata, individually and in combination was checked. Aflatoxin (AF) was produced using Aspergillus flavus NRRL 6513 culture. The pooled maize culture powder was estimated to contain 63.77 ppm of AF through thin layer chromatography method. The Aegle marmelos mature leaves powder and Andrographis paniculata whole plant powder were analysed to detect various active chemical constituents using phytochemical screening. Forty-eight numbers of Vencobb 400 strain, dayold broiler chicks were randomly divided into eight groups of six birds each including control with standard feed (T1), AF control containing standard feed and 100 ppb AF (T2), standard feed with 0.1 per cent A. marmelos powder and 0.1 per cent A. paniculata powder (T3), standard feed with 100ppb AF and 0.10 per cent A. marmelos powder (T4), standard feed with 100ppb AF and 0.10 per cent A. Paniculata powder (T5), standard feed with 100 ppb AF and 0.20 per cent A. marmelos powder (T6), standard feed with 100 ppb AF and 0.20 per cent A. paniculata powder (T7) and standard feed containing 100 ppb AF 0.1 per cent A. marmelos powder and 0.1 per cent A. paniculata powder (T8). Blood was collected from the wing vein of all the birds at day 7 and 14 for enzymology and on day 21 for heamatological and biochemical analysis. All birds were sacrificed at the end of 21 days and detailed post mortem was conducted. Phytochemical screening detected presence of alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids in A. marmelos leaves and alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and triterpenes in A. paniculata. Neither mortality nor clinical signs could be observed among any of the treatment groups. Body weight and body weight gain were significantly decreased among T2 group fed with 100 ppb of AF. Addition of Andrographis paniculata and Aegle marmelos powders at concentrations of 0.1 per cent, 0.2 per cent and in combination at 0.1 per cent each along with AF resulted in similar body weights as that of control group. Feed conversion ratio was significantly increased among T2 group compared to all the other treatments. Andrographis paniculata and Aegle marmelos were able to alleviate negative effects of 100 ppb AF on relative weight of spleen. Haemoglobin concentration, volume of packed red cells and total leukocyte count were significantly reduced among T2 group of broilers. These haematological parameters were similar to that of control in birds of groups T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 and T8. Total protein and albumin values were significantly elevated in T2 group. Globulin levels and albumin:globulin ratio did not show any statistical significance between groups. Significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase values were observed among T2 group, but was similar to control among T3,T4,T5,T6,T7 and T8 indicating the hepatoprotective properties of both the plants. Statically significant elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine was noticed in T2 group and was similar to control in other groups indicating the nephroprotective effects of both plant materials. Lipid peroxidation levels were significantly high among T2 group. Both plant materials addition in diet could bring out he lipid peroxidation levels to that of control due to their anti-oxidant properties. Pale yellowish liver was observed among T2 group broilers, all other organs were similar in gross appearance between groups. Histopathological lesions like presence of vacuolations, hyperplasia of kupffer cells of liver, mononuclear infiltration of liver, kidney and lymphoid depletion of lymphoid organs were observed in T2 group. Severity of histopathological lesions were significantly reduced with supplementation of plant materials.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR DETECTION AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF VIRAL DISEASES AFFECTING NERVOUS SYSTEM OF DOGS AND CATS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, POOKODE WAYANAD, 2018) SHYAM S; Prasanna K. S.
    A number of viruses affects the nervous system of dogs and cats resulting in various diseases. The common viruses affecting nervous system of dogs include Rabies virus (RV), Canine Distemper virus (CDV) and Suid herpes virus-1 (SHV-1) and that of cats are Feline Panleukopenia virus (FPV) and Feline Infectious Peritonitis virus (FIPV). A comprehensive study was done to detect the presence of RV, CDV, SHV-1, FPV and FIPV in dogs and cats in Kerala. A total of 67 brain tissue samples collected from 67 dogs and cats of various districts were utilized for the study. The tissue samples were examined for gross lesions as well as histopathological lesions after formalin fixation and further tissue processing. Lesions like negri body, Babes nodules, perivascular cuffing, hypoplasia of the pyramidal cell layer, necrosis of the purkinje cells were the important histopathological lesions found in brain tissues examined in different positive cases. Molecular detection was also carried out after RNA/ DNA extraction. For RV detection, direct Fluorescent Antibody Test (dFAT) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting N gene region was carried out and 15 samples were detected as positive. By sequencing and BLAST analysis, it was found that RV isolate has similarity with Indian isolates. For CDV detection, RT-PCR targeting N gene region were done and two samples were detected as positive. On BLAST analysis, it was found that CDV isolates had much similarity to other Indian isolates. For FPV detection, PCR targeting VP2 gene was carried out and eight samples were detected as positive. On BLAST analysis, it showed much similarity to Indian isolates. For SHV-1 detection, PCR targeting gB gene and for FIPV detection nested RT-PCR targeting 3’ UTR gene was carried out and none of the samples were detected as positive. The study could successfully detect the presence of rabies, canine distemper and feline panleukopenia in dogs and cats in various districts of north Kerala.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PATHOLOGY OF TUMOURS OF CANINE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GALECTIN-3 EXPRESSION
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, POOKODE WAYANAD, 2018) BEDRE M. SUMANTH; Anoopraj R.
    The present study entitled ―Pathology of tumours of canine digestive system with special reference to galectin-3 expression‖ was conducted for o taining the data on occurrence of tumours of digestive system in dogs, classification and grading and to compare the expression of galectin-3 in tumour and normal tissues. Samples were obtained from cases presented to the Veterinary Hospitals under Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University as well as the carcasses brought for post-mortem examination in the Department of Veterinary Pathology of both the colleges. Out of 252 tumour cases, 18 tumours of canine digestive system were recorded (7.14 per cent). Age groups of 7 to 9 years and 4 to 6 years showed the highest incidence of tumours (33.33 per cent). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of tumours in males and females. Breed-wise analysis revealed that non-descript dogs were the most affected. Benign tumours comprised 55.55 per cent and malignant tumours were 45.45 per cent. The benign tumours encountered were oral papilloma, acathomatous ameloblastoma, desmoplastic ameloblastoma, peripheral odontogenic fibroma and hepatoid gland adenoma. Malignant tumours included oral melanoma, oral fibrosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, extramedullary plasmacytoma, hepatic lymphoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Malignant tumours were graded accordingly. Expression of galectin-3 was assessed in tumours and the corresponding normal tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Galectin-3 was significantly over expressed in oral melanoma and down regulated in other oral tumours of epithelial and mesenchymal origin but no significant difference in its expression was found in other tumours of digestive system. Key words: Digestive system tumours; Immunohistochemistry; Galectin-3
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR DETECTION AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF COMMON VIRAL RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN CHICKEN
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, POOKODE WAYANAD, 2018) NAZREEN FATHIMA M S; Prasanna K.S.
    An assembly of viruses can cause diseases in chicken and cause many economically important diseases in them. The common viruses affecting respiratory system of chicken include Infectious Bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle Disease virus (NDV), Fowl Pox virus (FPV), Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILTV) and Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV). A comprehensive study was done to detect the presence of IBV, NDV, FPV, ILTV and aMPV in chickens in Wayanad district of Kerala. The tissue samples collected from 50 dead birds and nasal swabs and serum samples from few live birds of different regions of the district were utilized for the study. The tissue samples were examined for gross lesions as well as histopathological lesions after formalin fixation and further tissue processing. Most of the clinical signs like unthriftiness, respiratory distress, gasping, sneezing and nasal discharge and lesions like pulmonary congestion, haemorrhage, thrombus, oedema and bronchial epithelial damage observed were in comparison with the lesions usually noticed in respiratory viral infections. Molecular detection was also carried out after RNA/ DNA extraction. For IBV detection, nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting N gene region was carried out and eight samples were detected as positive giving a percentage positivity of 16 per cent. By sequencing and BLAST analysis, it was found that IBV isolate has similarity with Chinese isolates. For NDV detection, RT-PCR targeting M and F gene region were done and one sample was detected as positive (two per cent). On BLAST analysis, it was found that NDV isolates had much similarity to other Indian isolates. For FPV detection, PCR targeting 4b gene was carried out and only one sample was detected as positive. On BLAST analysis, it showed much similarity to Hungarian and Mozambique isolates. For ILTV detection, PCR targeting gB gene and for aMPV detection, RT-PCR targeting M gene was carried out and none of the samples were detected as positive. The study could successfully detect the presence of Infectious Bronchitis, Newcastle Disease and Fowl Pox in the poultry population in Wayanad district of Kerala.