PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF AEGLE MARMELOS (KOOVALAM) AND ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA (KIRIYATHA) IN SUBLETHAL AFLATOXICOSIS OF BROILER CHICKEN
Loading...
Date
2018
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
College of Veterinary and animal Science,Mannuthy
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the protective effect of Aegle marmelos
(“koovalam”) and Andrographis paniculata (“kiriyatha”) in sublethal aflatoxicosis of broiler
chicken. Protective effect of Aegle marmelos and Andrographis paniculata, individually and
in combination was checked. Aflatoxin (AF) was produced using Aspergillus flavus NRRL
6513 culture. The pooled maize culture powder was estimated to contain 63.77 ppm of AF
through thin layer chromatography method. The Aegle marmelos mature leaves powder and
Andrographis paniculata whole plant powder were analysed to detect various active chemical
constituents using phytochemical screening. Forty-eight numbers of Vencobb 400 strain, dayold broiler chicks were randomly divided into eight groups of six birds each including control
with standard feed (T1), AF control containing standard feed and 100 ppb AF (T2), standard
feed with 0.1 per cent A. marmelos powder and 0.1 per cent A. paniculata powder (T3),
standard feed with 100ppb AF and 0.10 per cent A. marmelos powder (T4), standard feed with
100ppb AF and 0.10 per cent A. Paniculata powder (T5), standard feed with 100 ppb AF and
0.20 per cent A. marmelos powder (T6), standard feed with 100 ppb AF and 0.20 per cent A.
paniculata powder (T7) and standard feed containing 100 ppb AF 0.1 per cent A. marmelos
powder and 0.1 per cent A. paniculata powder (T8). Blood was collected from the wing vein
of all the birds at day 7 and 14 for enzymology and on day 21 for heamatological and
biochemical analysis. All birds were sacrificed at the end of 21 days and detailed post mortem
was conducted.
Phytochemical screening detected presence of alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids in A.
marmelos leaves and alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and triterpenes in A. paniculata. Neither
mortality nor clinical signs could be observed among any of the treatment groups. Body weight
and body weight gain were significantly decreased among T2 group fed with 100 ppb of AF.
Addition of Andrographis paniculata and Aegle marmelos powders at concentrations of 0.1
per cent, 0.2 per cent and in combination at 0.1 per cent each along with AF resulted in similar
body weights as that of control group. Feed conversion ratio was significantly increased among
T2 group compared to all the other treatments. Andrographis paniculata and Aegle marmelos
were able to alleviate negative effects of 100 ppb AF on relative weight of spleen.
Haemoglobin concentration, volume of packed red cells and total leukocyte count were
significantly reduced among T2 group of broilers. These haematological parameters were
similar to that of control in birds of groups T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 and T8. Total protein and
albumin values were significantly elevated in T2 group. Globulin levels and albumin:globulin
ratio did not show any statistical significance between groups. Significantly increased aspartate
aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase values were observed among T2 group, but was
similar to control among T3,T4,T5,T6,T7 and T8 indicating the hepatoprotective properties of
both the plants. Statically significant elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine was
noticed in T2 group and was similar to control in other groups indicating the nephroprotective
effects of both plant materials. Lipid peroxidation levels were significantly high among T2
group. Both plant materials addition in diet could bring out he lipid peroxidation levels to that
of control due to their anti-oxidant properties.
Pale yellowish liver was observed among T2 group broilers, all other organs were similar
in gross appearance between groups. Histopathological lesions like presence of vacuolations,
hyperplasia of kupffer cells of liver, mononuclear infiltration of liver, kidney and lymphoid
depletion of lymphoid organs were observed in T2 group. Severity of histopathological lesions
were significantly reduced with supplementation of plant materials.