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ArticleItem Open Access Development of mobile based technology transfer application system to empower the small ruminant farmers(2021) SENTHILKUMAR S; MANIVANNAN C; SURESHKANNAN S; TANUVASMobile app is one of the means to strengthen the bridge between research system and farming system. Hence, the present study has focused to identify and prioritize the information needs of small ruminant farmers to develop mobile based application software. Data were collected from 40 researchers of Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, 60 extension personnel of the State Animal Husbandry Department and 100 small ruminant farmers of Tirunelveli district by questionnaire method. The responses for each item were measured on a five point continuum, i.e. most needed, more needed, needed, less needed and least needed. The mean was calculated and the item above the mean, i.e 24 items were considered as the identified needs that include topics on breed and breeding (three), feeding (five), management (five), disease control (six) and marketing (five). Based on the identified and prioritized needs, the contents were framed in Tamil and English languages which includes, video clipping and photos collection. Accordingly, a mobile based application software was developed in android platform in order to impart the scientific knowledge of small ruminant farming system in local language to the end users. Perception on the usefulness of developed android based mobile app was captured among 60 randomly selected small ruminant farmers and 60 extension personnel who had android mobile phone that constituted a sample size of 120. The overall perception of the extension personnel (4.1) and farmers (4.0) on the mobile app ranged from most satisfactory to satisfactory.ArticleItem Open Access Clinical Signs, Activity Indices and Prognostic Indicators in Dogs with Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease(2023) Sandhya Bhavani M; Kavitha S; Vairamuthu S; Vijayarani K; Abid Ali BhatBackground: Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes a set of diseases characterized by the presence of recurrent gastrointestinal clinical signs and histologic evidence of intestinal inflammation. Diagnosis can only be made by excluding other possible causes of enteritis. Since the diagnosis of this disease is of great challenge to the veterinarians and currently very little work have been carried out in India, the present study was planned and conducted to study the clinicopathological changes and prognostic indicators of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs. Methods: After a detailed clinical, laboratoty and endoscopic examination, 33 IBD dogs with signs of chronic gastrointestinal disorders and histologic evidence of mucosal lymphocytic plasmacytic infiltration were selected for the study. Result: Moderate to severe form of IBD with haematochezia as a chief complaint was predominantly recorded. Haematobiochemical changes were not remarkable except a rise in serum alkaline phosphatase level. Decreased IgA expression was observed in serum by flowcytometry indicating impaired mucosal immunity in IBD dogs. It was observed that, increased clinical inflammatory bowel disease activity index score (CIBDAI), increased C-Reactive Protein, decreased cobalamin and folate may act as negative predictors in idiopathic IBD.ArticleItem Open Access Adipogenic Differentiation of Canine Hair Follicle Stem Cells (cHFSCs)(2023) Hemavathi N; Sabiha Hayath Basha; Usha Kumary S; Sivashankar R; TANUVASBackground: Homeostasis in adult body is maintained by stem cells which is a powerful reservoir harbored in the body which regenerate tissue and in response to disease and injury. Hair follicle is a dynamic mini organ supporting important biological functions of the body in maintaining homeostasis and skin tissue self-renewal. Hair follicle protects the body from cold and potential injuries. To know the pluripotency nature of hair follicle stem cells,a study was conducted on canine HFSCs (cHFSCs). Methods: In-vitro culture of cHFSCs was done by William’s E medium with several growth factors and passaged. Stemness of the cultured cells was assessed by immunostaining of cells with Anti-cytokeratin 15 (CK15) marker. Viability of cells was checked by acridine orange staining and passage 2 cells were induced for adipogenic differentiation using adipogenic induction media for a period of seven days. Result: A spindle shaped cell with accumulation of fat droplets was observed in differentiated cHFSCs. Differentiated cHFSCs were positively stained for Oil Red ‘O’ staining. Thus, this research proves that cHFSCs were multipotent cells which can be differentiated into many other type of cells such as adipocytes, chondrocytes, etc.ArticleItem Open Access DETERMINANTS OF WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY A PREMIUM PRICE FOR INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PRODUCED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN TRINIDAD(2020) Kathiravan G; Duraisamy Saravanakumar; Ataharul Chowdhury; Wayne Ganpat; TANUVASOveruse of pesticide in crop production poses enormous challenges to the health of farm families, consumers, and the environment. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an ecosystem approach to crop production that combines different management strategies and practices to grow healthy crops and minimize the use of pesticides. As a result of increasing awareness, education and per capita income, there is an increasing concern for food safety and demand for safe products among consumers of high-income countries. Consequently, this study was conducted among 266 randomly surveyed consumers of an affluent Caribbean country, Trinidad to ascertain the factors influencing consumers’ Willingness-To-Pay (WTP) a premium price for IPM grown-fruits and vegetables. The consumers’ responses for the dichotomous question, “Would you be Willing to Pay an additional cost of 10% for the IPM produces from the current market prices?” were analysed using Binary logit regression model. Results indicated that females ageing over 26 years and having children, those with higher annual income and higher level of education were all most likely to pay a premium to obtain IPM grown fruits and vegetables. Willingness-to-purchase IPM produce was found to increase with income, education and age. The findings of this study are promising to those developing marketing strategies, besides enabling the producers to understand that producing fruits and vegetables through IPM would fetch them premium.ArticleItem Open Access Production performance of Japanese quail in commercial farms(2020) Prabakaran R; Ezhil Valavan S; TANUVASA study was conducted to evaluate the production performance of Japanese quail in Western parts of Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 2000 day old Japanese quail chicks obtained from a private hatchery were subjected to study in a commercial farms in Tirupur district of Tamil Nadu and their performance were assessed. The mean body weight of male and female Japanese quail at 4th and 6th week were 186.84±0.45, 204.13±0.43 and 212.16±0.68, 245.52 ± 0.91respectively. The egg production from 6-46 weeks of age revealed that HDEP (%) and HHEP (%) were 79.00±1.13 and 76.41±1.31respectively. The livability (%) from 0-6 weeks was about 94.54.Considering the production performance of Japanese quail in commercial farms, the same can be promoted as an alternative poultry farming to provide nutritional security and employment to rural youth.ArticleItem Open Access Microbial safety of meat sold in Orathanadu region, Thanjavur(2020) Sangeetha A; Balakrishnan S; Kowsalya P; et al.; TANUVASMicrobial contamination of foods is a significant vital food safety issue throughout the world. Reducing the microbial contamination of meat will reduce the transmission of food-borne pathogens to consumers. Therefore, the study determined the prevalence and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of food-borne pathogens in chevon and chicken samples sold at commercial markets in Orathanadu region, Tamil Nadu. A total of 50 meat samples were collected randomly from different regions of Orathanadu and analyzed for food-borne pathogens using selective medium. The characteristic Salmonella, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus colonies isolated were subjected to biochemical tests and antibiotic resistance study. The level of Salmonella, E. coli and S. aureus in the chicken samples was observed as 53%, 37% and 27% respectively. Chevon samples had 65% Salmonella, 40% E. coli and 55% S. aureus. Higher prevalence of Salmonella followed by S. aureus and E. coli was observed in meat samples indicating the possible cross-contamination that occurred during slaughtering process may pose potential public health risk to consumers and meat handlers. S. aureus had showed higher resistance to antibiotics compared to E. coli and Salmonella. It is concluded that strict hygienic practices especially during slaughtering, appropriate use of use of antibiotics in animal husbandry practices; proper washing of meat before cooking and thorough cooking of meat could reduce and control the contamination of food-borne pathogens and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in foods of animal origin.ArticleItem Open Access Molecular detection of canine parvovirus from haemorrhagic enteric affections of dog in Orathanadu region, Tamil Nadu, South India(2021) Puvarajan B; Lurthureetha T; Murugavel S; Manickam R; TANUVASThe present study deals with the rapid detection of Canine Parvo Viral (CPV) infection in various breed of dogs of Cauvery Delta Region, Tamilnadu by molecular means of diagnosis employing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. A total of 168 haemorrhagic fecal samples were collected and out of those 112 were found positive by PCR. Among different age groups, 154/80,55/67 and 3/21 dogs were positive in pups aged 0-3 weeks,4–8 and 9–12 weeks respectively. All positive samples were from unvaccinated dogs. The breed of Labrador was found to be the most susceptible breed (n = 43) to Parvo viral infection. The positivity of confirmation (112/168: 66%) concludes PCR being a reliable one for early diagnosis and the study on variants of CPV-2b was ascertained by PCR and being the first report on molecular detection of CPV infection in dogs in this region. Type CPV-2c was not detected among the examined samples. On review of literature and on observance of recent reports the CPV Variant (CPV-2b) in India is gaining importance and mortality of pups dure to CPV infection is high and precise and early diagnosis of CPV infection warrants early intervention of prior vaccination in all breeds of dogs against the deadly viral infection.ArticleItem Open Access Non-genetic effects and repeatability estimates of post-thaw evaluation traits in Murrah buffalo bulls(2021) Ramajayan P; Sivaselvam SN; Karthickeyan SMK; et al.; TANUVASThe present study aims to determine the effect of non-genetic factors on post-thaw evaluation traits and estimate the traits repeatability and correlation coefficients in Murrah buffalo bulls. The data on post-thaw incubation survival (n=1745), hypo-osmotic swelling (n=1745), and acrosome integrity (n=1402) collected from 73 bulls maintained during the period 2005 to 2015 were used for analyses. Single trait univariate analyses under General Linear Model were performed to study the non-genetic effects. The repeatability was estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood Method (REML) using WOMBAT programme while the correlation coefficients were calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The overall least-squares means for post-thaw incubation survival (at four-time intervals), hypo-osmotic swelling, and acrosome integrity were 52.42% at 0 h, 45.44% at ½ h, 37.87% at 1h and 29.82% 1½ h; 61.71% and 69.81%, respectively. Similarly, the repeatability estimates were 0.03 at 0 h, 0.02 at ½ h, 0.03 at 1 h, and 0.03 at 1½ h; 0.44 and 0.64, respectively. The ejaculate number, period, season, and age showed a significant effect (P<0.01) on all traits, besides the non-significant effect of ejaculate on acrosome integrity and age on hypo-osmotic swelling. The performance of traits was relatively better in the second ejaculate and bulls in the age group of 68 months and above. However, a significant minimal variation was observed among the periods and seasons. The correlation coefficients were highly significant (P<0.01) and positive for all traits except the negative correlation between hypo-osmotic swelling and acrosome integrity. Thus, this would be helpful to determine the breeding efficiency of the bulls and plan suitable improvisation strategies in the semen station.ArticleItem Open Access False extra uterine pregnancy in non descriptive goat: A case report(2020) Prabaharan Vaiyapuri; Palanisamy Mahakrishnan; Rajkumar Ramasam; et al.; TANUVASAn one and half year old Non Descriptive Doe was brought to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu with the history of full term pregnant and having intermittent straining with swelling in the udder region for past 15 days. Animal was apparently healthy and no abnormal genital discharge was seen. Previous history of trauma or accident was unclear as reported by the animal owner. Clinical examination reveals dull, depressed, reduced appetite, weakness, swelling on the anterior part of the udder region for the last two weeks. On examination of the udder region, a fetal mass was protruding through the anterior part of the udder region. Radiography reveals the presence of fetus extrauterine. Based on clinical examination, the case was diagnosed as false extrauterine pregnancy and was corrected by surgical procedure. The doe was completely recovered on the 5th day postoperatively. The present study describes the successful surgical management of a false extrauterine pregnancy in a non descriptive doe.
