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ArticleItem Open Access 16S rRNA TYPING OF CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA FROM THE TERMITE ODONTOTERMES FORMOSANUS(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2014-09) Kavitha, D.; Vijayarani, K.; Kumanan, K.; TANUVASOdontotermes formosanus termites are recognized as one of the major ecosystem engineers in tropical soils. This termite depends on intestinal microorganisms for cellulose digestion. Nine bacterial isolates from termite gut were identified using sugar fermentation and biochemical tests and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ArticleItem Open Access 2,3 - Diphosphoglycerate and Glutathione Levels and Haemoglobin type in Normal and Anaemic Sheep(Indian Veterinary Association, 1993-08) Thiagarajan, R.; Rao, R. Govinda; TANUVAS2, 3 - Diphosphoglycerate (2, 3-DPG) is an intermediary product in glucose metabolism in red blood cell (Benesch and Benesch, 1967).ArticleItem Open Access 2-D Ultrasonographic Imaging for the Detection of Renal Abnormalities in Dogs: A Clinical Evaluation of 85 Cases(Indian Veterinary Association, Chennai, 2019-06) Mathai, Varsha Mary; Nagarajan, B.; Sumathi, D.; Basha, Sabiha Hayath; TANUVASAn observational study was conducted to assess the relation between the structural changes of kidneys and the development of clinical signs of renal dysfunction in dogs. Among 356 dogs that underwent ultrasonographic examination using real time B-mode scanner, 85 dogs of different breeds and age belonging to either sex were diagnosed to have various renal pathologies. Among them, 66 dogs were diagnosed to have diffused degenerative changes of renal parenchyma and were often clinically manifested as uremia, proteinuria, hypertension and anaemia. Five dogs had acute kidney injury. Focal abnormalities observed were renal cyst (5), nephrolith (5), solid mass (2) and hydronephrosis (2), but rarely showed clinical manifestations. About 42 dogs were in the age group of 7-10 years and the most common breeds affected were Labrador retrievers and Indian Spitz.ArticleItem Open Access 2D and 3D ultrasonographic study of hepatobiliary disorders in dogs and their etiological pattern(2017) Sumathi, D; Prathaban, S; Selvaraj, P; Dhanapalan, P; Murali Manohar, B; Kumanan, K; TANUVASLiver disease in dogs can develop as a result ofmany different insults. A clinical study was conducted on clinical cases presented to the Small Animal Medicine Referral Clinic of Madras Veterinary College from 2010-2012. Cases presented with signs such as anorexia, lethargy, ascites, icterus, pigmented urine and vomiting were screened for liver disorders. Out of 23,289 dogs with gastrointestinal disorders, 100 dogs were found to have liver diseases of different kinds. Ultrasonography of liver was taken for diagnostic assessments. Liver Disease Group, was further subdivided into three groups; Biliary tract disorders, Parenchymal disorders and Neoplastic disorders. The liver was imaged using 3.5 MHz or 5.0 MHz transducer. The selection of frequency was based on the body size of the animal i.e. lower frequency transducer was selected for bigger body size. The incidence of liver disease was found to be 0.15 per cent of dogs in the hospital population and formed 0.43 per cent of gastrointestinal caseloads of the hospital. Non-descript dogs and the age group of 4-8 years were commonly affected. Dogs less than 4 years were also found to be affected with a higher incidence, but requires further studies to ascertain breed predisposition of nondescripts and assessment of risk factors such as infectious or toxic agents. Higher prevalence of biliary disorders in males and nondescript dogs also Warrants studies on breed predisposition and on risk factors. Ultrasound was found to be very useful in the diagnosis of canine liver disease and strategic interpretation of the results can be effectively used for identifying the canine liver disease and type of liver disease in majority of the cases. 3D ultrasound imaging was found to have superior diagnostic yield, especially to visualize the exact location of the lesions/ changes involved in the liver diseases.ArticleItem Open Access 3D Ultrasound Imaging for Diagnosis of Dead Puppies in a Full term pregnant Spitz(INTAS Polivet, 2015) Vijayakumar, G.; Prathaban, S.; Joseph, Cecelia; Baranidharan; TANUVASA spitz female dog was diagnosed with non functional heart activity puppies using 3D and 2D ultrasound imaging technique. After confirmation, two dead puppies were removed via caesarean section.ArticleItem Open Access A Case Report of Aflatoxicosis in a Country Chicken Unit with Retarded Egg Production(2017) Vijayalingam TA; Rajesh NV; Ilavarasan S; TANUVASA backyard country chicken unit with 200 numbers of 8 month old birds was reported to have the production of poor quality eggs viz., small sized, yolkless and watery albumin. Three of the birds were also showed continuous oozing of blood in between digits. The supplementation with mineral mixture and multivitamins yielded negative results. Three birds with the production of inferior quality eggs and retarded growth were humanely slaughtered and carried out post mortem examination. Post-Mortem examination showed enlarged, pale coloured liver, the cut surface bulged out with sticky oily substance. Microscopically, the liver showed vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, interlobular bile duct proliferation and infiltration of mononuclear cells in the intercellular area. The Oviduct was very pale and small. The mucosa of the magnal and shell gland portions was dry and less folded. The ovary revealed atretic and haemorrhagic follicles.ArticleItem Open Access A Case Study on Medicinal Plants for Swine Dermatophytosis(2024) Nithiaselvi R; Shibi Thomas K; Dhanalakshmi M; Maheshwari S; TANUVASThe present work is a case study that was conducted at the Livestock Farm Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute; Orathanadu (Tamil Nadu) to assess the efficacy of topical herbal plant mixtures on swine dermatophytosis. Dermatophytosis is a contagious fungal disease affecting various animal species and is a high economic burden with limited antifungal agents. Skin disease in swine can significantly impact production, carcass value and reputation; diagnosing and treating these diseases can be challenging. Eight adult sows in the farm exhibiting moist, reddish brown colour irregular foci on different parts of the body with itching were selected for the study. A mixture of three medicinal plants were selected and combined with common salt in the ratio of 5:2:2:1, comprising Acalypha indica and Azadirachta indica leaves, Curcuma longa rhizome and salt, respectively. The herbal mixture was well grounded fresh every time to make a topical paste, which was applied over the affected area three times a day for five days. The response to the treatment was assessed based on the successful reduction of the severity of the cases. The current study’s findings suggest that the plants chosen for the study have the potential to alleviate pig’s skin disorders.ArticleItem Open Access A comparative evaluation of fertility, hatchability and embryonic mortality of indigenous Siruvidai chicken ecotype with Indian chicken breeds(2022) Vasanthi B; Richard Churchil R; Omprakash AV; Karthickeyan SMK; Samuel Masilamoni Ronald B; TANUVASSiruvidai chicken is one of indigenous chicken ecotype reared as a backyard poultry in Tamil Nadu state of India. The hens of this chicken are known for their broodiness instinct and mothering ability among the farmers. Hence a comparative evaluation was carried out to assess the fertility and hatchability of indigenous Siruvidai chicken hatching egg with Nicobari black and TANUVAS Aseel eggs under artificial incubation conditions. A total of 4,646 Siruvidai, 5,428 Nicobari black and 5,999 TANUVAS Aseel hatching eggs collected from farm were artificially incubated and the fertility and hatchability were recorded. The eggs that failed to hatch out were subjected to egg break-open studies at the end of incubation period to determine the stage of embryonic mortality. The results revealed that the mean fertility rate was significantly (p<0.01) higher in Nicobari black (89.20±0.12%) compared to Siruvidai (85.87±0.49%) and TANUVAS Aseel (87.48±0.04%). The hatchability on total egg set in Nicobari black (83.69±0.05) was significantly (p<0.01) higher than TANUVAS Aseel (82.43±0.02) and Siruvidai (80.25±0.61). On the other hand, the hatchability on fertile egg set was significantly (p<0.05) higher in TANUVAS Aseel (94.240.08%) compared to Siruvidai (93.470.23%) and Nicobari black (93.860.17%). The breakopen study of unhatched eggs revealed that the early embryonic mortality was significantly higher in TANUVAS Aseel (3.84±0.07%) compared to Siruvidai (3.51±0.03%) and Nicobari black (3.36±0.10). The mid embryonic mortality was 0.68±0.25, 0.88±0.45 and 0.50±0.33% in Siruvidai, Nicobari black and TANUVAS Aseel respectively and no significant (p>0.05) difference existed among the genetic groups. The late embryonic mortality and total embryonic mortality was significantly (p<0.01)) higher in Siruvidai (2.34±0.40 and 6.53±0.23%) followed by Nicobari black (1.90±0.14 and 6.14±0.24%) and TANUVAS Aseel (1.42±0.05 and 5.76±0.08%). Hence the results indicated that the fertility and hatchability rate and early embryonic mortality was lower in Siruvidai compared to Nicobari black and TANUVAS Aseel but the late and total embryonic mortality was higher in Siruvidai eggs compared to other genetic groups under artificial incubation conditions.ArticleItem Open Access A NOTE ON THE ISOLATION OF CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS IN SHEEP(2005) Balakrishnan G; Saravanabava K; Gopalakrishnamurthy TR; TANUVASEnterotoxaemia is primarily an infectious disease of ruminants particularly sheep and goats caused by Clostridium perfingens. It is worldwide in distribution and is prevalent in all sheep and goat rearing countries. In India, it has been reported by Barron (1942) and Chattopadhyay and Harbola (1988) in goats. In sheep, it has been reported by Chattopadhyay and (1972). In Tamil Nadu, an outbreak of caprine enterotoxaemia has been reported for the first time in January, 1997 by Prabhakar et al.. (1999).ArticleItem Open Access A Note on the Occurrence of Colibacillosis in Rabbits(2014) Balakrishnan Govindan; TANUVASTwenty five rabbits at Periyavadi village of Pudukkottai district of Tamil Nadu during the month of November - December, 2004 were reported to have died suddenly without showing any clinical signs except dullness, anorexia and overcrowding. Postmortem examination of the carcasses revealed petechial haemorrhages in lung and liver and ecchymotic haemorrhages in trachea. Escherichia coli were isolated from the liver, lung and tracheal samples and identified based on morphology, cultural characters and biochemical reaction. The antibiotic sensitivity test of E. coli revealed sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Endrotloxacin and Nalidixic acid and resistance to Ampicillin, Cloxacillin and Kanamycin. Over crowding, poor feeding, poor ventilation, improper cleaning of urine and fecal materials and general mismanagement of the rabbits were observed in this study which could be of predisposing factors for the occurrence of colibacillosis. Al) the rabbits were shifted to a well ventilated house and sick animals were treated with Ciprofloxacin 20mg / kg body weight orally twice a day for 5 days and the rabbits responded well to antibacterial therapy.ArticleItem Open Access A rare case of non-cystic osteitis fi brosa in a twelve week-old male Wistar rat(2023) Madheswaran R; TANUVASA case of non-cystic osteitis fi brosa was observed as a spontaneous lesion in a twelve week-old male Wistar rat from a repeated dose toxicity study. The rat did not show abnormal clinical signs, changes in food consumption and body weight gain throughout the study period. No abnormalities were noticed for haemato-biochemical parameters. The bone marrow cytology of the rat showed no pathological alterations. Histopathological examination of femur showed moderate fi brosis along with mononuclear cell infi ltration, increased multinucleated osteoclastic activity and few osteoblasts. Other organs of the rat did not reveal any abnormalities. These fi ndings were suggestive of osteitis fi brosa with no cyst formation.ArticleItem Open Access A rare case of pulmonary paragonimiasis and spirocercosis in a Chippiparai dog(2024) Thilagavathi K; Selvaraj J; Babu Prasath N, et al.,; TANUVASA one-year-old male Chippiparai dog was submi ed for necropsy to the Department of Veterinary pathology, Veterinary College and Research institute, Orathanadu. During necropsy, the gross lesions were observed and required tissue samples were collected for histopathology. Fluke and worms were collected for parasitological identifi cation. Grossly, right lung showed a grey patch and on cut section showed the presence of cavity containing two conical fl ukes. Oesophageal lumen contained spiral worm near the nodule and on section of nodule contained blood mixed exudate. Based on the morphology, the fl uke was identifi ed as Paragonimus sp and worm was identifi ed as Spirocerca lupi. Histopathologically, lung revealed the presence of eggs of Paragonimus sp, chronic bronchitis, immature eggs, mature eggs with miracidium, and giant cell. Based on the gross lesions, morphology and histopathology, the very rare case of combined infection of pulmonary paragonimiasis and spirocercosis in a chippiparai dog is documented.ArticleItem Open Access A RARE MASSIVE CERVICAL FIBROMA IN A BUFFALO(2015) UMAMAGESWARI J; ANANGA KUMAR DAS; BALASUBRAMANIAN S; et al.; TANUVASA rare case of massive cervical fibroma in a buffalo is presented and discussed.ArticleItem Open Access A Rare report of ocular myasthenia gravis in male Chippiparai dog(2023) Ramkumar PK; Saravanan M; Karthika K; et al.; TANUVASA two years old male Chippiparai Dog was presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu with a history of progressive weakness in their appendicular muscles, along with an acute onset of retching and regurgitation. On clinical observation, animal was emaciated with uncoordinated gait but the reflexes were found to be normal and exhibited progressive weakness upon exercise. On neurological examination, absence of withdrawal and deep pain reflex along with ptosis of both the eyelids, sluggish menace reflex and extra ocular palsies were noticed. Contrast radiography revealed megaesophagus. On biochemical analysis hyperproteinemia and hyperglobulinemia were observed. Based on these clinical observations and radiography, the case was confirmed as Ocular form of Myasthenia Gravis. The animal was treated with Inj. Neostigmine @ 0.04mg/kg SC at 6 hourly interval and Tab. Micronized Progesterone @0.2 mg/kg PO SID for 2 weeks. After 14 days of therapy the dog showed mild improvement in gait with improved appetite and no emesis were observed.ArticleItem Open Access A Study on β-Casein Gene Polymorphism in Crossbred Cattle and Murrah / Graded Murrah Buffalo in Tamil Nadu(2023) Kathiravan RS; Vandana CM; Malarmathi M; et al.; TANUVASBackground: Majority of the people believed that, only the native breeds have A2 milk than exotic or crossbred animals. There is no enough research on milk protein variants have been carried out in Indian zebu cattle. Present study was conducted to screen more number of crossbred cattles and buffaloes in Tamil Nadu to identify the frequency of A1 and A2 alleles in the population. Methods: The study was conducted on 68 cattle and 172 murrah/graded murrah buffaloes to explore the polymorphic variants of β-casein gene. Genomic DNA was extracted by phenol-chloroform method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed with allele specific primers to amplify a 244 bp long fragment of beta-casein gene and visualized in 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The population genetic indices were calculated based on the formulas. Result: In the present study revealed higher level of A2A2 genotype frequency (1.00) and fixation of A2 allele in kangayam cattle and murrah/graded murrah buffalo. The observed frequency of A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes were 0.38,0.62 and 0.00 for jersey crossbred and 0.29, 0.71 and 0.00 for HF crossbred cattle. The range of Expected homozygosity (0.50 to 1.00), polymorphism information content (0.30 to 0.38), effective number of alleles (1.00 to 2.00) and level of possible variability realization value (44.54% to 100%) reflected existence of medium genetic variability in studied population.ArticleItem Open Access A Typical Swimmer Syndrome and Pectus Excavatum in a Pup(2024) Thangapandiyan, M; Swathi Choudhury; Kumar, V; Krishnaveni, P; Sridhar, R; TANUVASPectus excavatum is a congenital abnormality of the sternum and costochondro cartilages that results in dorsoventral flattening and narrow wing of the thorax. A 20 days old, male Rottweiler pup was presented to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai for the post mortem examination with a history of anorexia, dyspnea, vomition and inability to walk properly since birth. Necropsy revealed laterally splayed hind legs, dorsal deviation of sternebrae towards spine and dorsoventral compression of thorax. Flat chest compressed the right intermediate and left cardiac lobes of lungs and were dark with adherence of thin fibrin shreds. The vertebral and frontosagital indices were 5.6 and 2.9 respectively. This case was diagnosed as pectus excavatum and swimmer syndrome due to congenital deformity in thoracic cavity and splaying of the limbs.ArticleItem Open Access A-V JUNCTIONAL TACHYCARDIA IN A DOG(1989) Joseph, Rachel; Dhanapalan, P; Srinivasan, SR. et al.,; TANUVASAn 11 year old Spitz type black uncastrated male dog was presented at the Madras Veterinary College Small Animal Clinic Medical Unit with a history of excess panting, aggravated dyspnoea after exercise and generalized weakness. The owner complained that the dog was inactive and that inappetance was observed.ArticleItem Open Access An Abattoir Based Histopathological Survey of Pulmonary Pathology in Small Ruminants(Pashupati Foundation India, 2019-02) Mugale, Madhav Nilakanth; Balachandran, C; TANUVASConsidering importance in epidemiological studies, the present investigation was conducted to find out the prevalence of various pulmonary lesions in small ruminants. Out of 110000 animals under the study, two hundred and forty-seven ovine and caprine cases showed different types of pulmonary disorders including Jaagsiekte (n=23, 9.32%), Maedi (n=37, 14,98%), bronchopneumonia (n=182, 73.68%) and other miscellaneous conditions (n=5, 2.02%). The various types of bronchopneumonia observed in the present study includes chronic, serofibrinous, suppurative, interstitial and eosinophilic bronchopneumonia. The chronic bronchopneumonia (CBP) found more common in small ruminants showing extensive fibrosis of pulmonary parenchyma. In conclusion, the present study revealed bronchopneumonia as a predominant pulmonary disorder in small ruminants followed by Maedi and Jaagsiekte.