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ArticleItem Open Access HUMAN-ELEPHANT CONFLICT: CASE STUDY FROM TAMIL NADU(2016) Senthilkumar K; Mathialagan P; Manivanan C; et al.; TANUVASIn India, the increase in population of elephant with no increase in forest area poses danger to the farmers of both small scale subsistence agriculture and international agribusiness. This leads to human-elephant conflict to get place in major national and regional newspapers. There are cases of human kill, human injury, cattle kill, house damage and crop damage and also retaliatory killing of wild elephants. Hence a case study was conducted at the Coimbatore district in Tamil Nadu to understand the extent of damage caused by elephants to the farmers and their families in agriculture and animal husbandry. This study confirmed that pretending to be dead after the attack of elephant may help the affected individual at some extent. The common reasons for the intrusion of elephants into cultivable land are the replacement of elephant habitat by agriculture, increased elephant population, etc., The main strategy to mitigate the HEC is change in cultivation practices, use of modern ICT tools to drive away the intruding elephants.ArticleItem Open Access Utilization Pattern on Use of Mobile Phones among Small Ruminant Farmers in Tirunelveli District(2018) Senthilkumar S; Manivannan C; Suresh Kannan S; TANUVASThe mobile phone has emerged as one ofthe widely accepted and adopted ICT tool to deliver the information in agriculture, livestock and allied sectors. Though mobile phone in the livestock sector is considered as an emerging tool, there is a need to study the utilisation pattern on use ofmobile phone among thefarmers who were engaged in animal husbandry enterprises‘ Accordingly, 60 sheep and 60 goatfarmers were selected randomly in Tirunelveli District ofTarnil Nadu that constituted a sample size of120for this study. The primary data were collected from the selected respondents by using well structured pre-tested interview schedule. The study revealed that, majority of the respondents (77450 per cent) owned mobile phones and only 22.50 percent did not have mobile phones. About 28.33 per cent ofrespondents used the mobile phones for contact with extension personnel to get livestock related information. As regard to credibility of information received through mobile phone, 40.83 per cent trust the information to a great extent whereas 40.00 per cent of the respondents reported to trust it to some extent. About 50.00 per cent of the respondents faced signal problem while using mobile phone and 28.33 per centfaced other constraints such as language and voice problem‘ The study concluded thatalrnostall the respondents were using mobile phones regularlyfor retrieving information on aniinalhusbandry related information depending on their needs. Hence, it is recommended to develop mobile application software in small ruminants as decision support system to cater to the infmnation needs of farmers.ArticleItem Open Access SITUATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF DAIRY FARMERS OF KANNUR DISTRICT IN KERALA(2009) Vidya P; Manivannan C; Sudeepkumar NK; TANUVASA study was carried out to know the situational and psychological characteristics of dairy farmers of Kanner district in Kerala. Sixty dairy farmers were selected as respondents for the study by proportionate random sampling technique amongst the member dairy farmers of four milk co-operative societies identified in Kanner block. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the respondents possessed small herd size, medium level of milk production (3.66 to 11.2 litres per day), medium contact with extension agency, innovation proneness, economic motivation and decision making behaviour with considerable yeasr of experience in dairy farming. Their mass media exposure was medium to high and most of them were old aged with primary to secondary education.ArticleItem Open Access Quality Improvements in Public Livestock Services Delivery: Are Farmers Ready to Pay? An Inquiry in South India(2013) Kathiravan G; Thirunavukkarasu M; TANUVASFarmers Willingness To Pay (WTP) for improving the quality of public livestock services delivery, in terms of Service Provider and Farmer Relationship (SPFR), chance of recovery from ailments and chance of conception following Artificial Insemination (AI), was assessed through Contingent Valuation (CV) in southern peninsular state of India, the Tamil Nadu State. The districts of the state were categorized as ‘Livestock Developed’ (LD) and ‘Livestock Under Developed’ (LUD) based on initial base line developed. Contingent Valuation (CV) approach and Tobit regressions were used to assess variations in the stated Willingness To Pay (WTP) values, and the probability of stating a positive WTP value for respondents who declared that they were not willing to pay. Overall, the respondents in the study area were willing to pay INR 3.91 for improving the SPFR attribute of the public veterinary centre, while they were ready to pay INR 5.84 for augmenting the chances of recovery from illness by the services of public veterinary centres. In order to benefit from improved chance of conception of their bovines after AI, the farmers were willing to pay INR 11.71. An absolute concordance on the levels of attributes and the variations in the stated positive WTP values for quality improvements was noticed. Tobit regression analyses on the improvements of all above attributes indicated that the farmers who were at disadvantaged levels of an attribute were willing to pay more compared to those at an advantaged level.ArticleItem Open Access Economic Analysis of Metabolic Diseases in Bovines: A Review(2013) Senthilkumar V; Mohamed Safiullah A; Kathiravan G; et al.; TANUVASIn a dairy farming, among more diseases, metabolic/calving diseases are of great concern to dairy producers worldwide. Dairy cattle metabolic disorders, which are disease related to disturbance of one or more metabolic processes in the organism. This paper presents an overview the evaluation of the economic impact of metabolic diseases in bovines. References will be limited to economics rather than general focus, with emphasis on the most current reviews. The search was performed with the key words being part of the title, descriptors and / or appearing anywhere in the reference in order to find as many papers dealing with metabolic diseases as possible. The important metabolic diseases such as ketosis, milk fever and downer cow complex are discussed under two headings viz., prevalence/incidence rate and quantification of economic loss.ArticleItem Open Access Study on Effect of Environmental Influences on Pre-Weaning Growth Traits in Mecheri Sheep(2016) Balan C; Kathiravan G; Thirunavukkarasu M; Jeichitra V; TANUVASAnalysis of pre-weaning growth rate performance in Mecheri sheep was carried out using age-wise body weight data of Mecheri lambs maintained at Mecheri Sheep Research Station, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pottaneri. The age-wise data for the period of twenty four years from 1991 to 2014 were considered for this study. Besides analysing the effects of environmental influences, viz., period of lambing, season of lambing and sex of lamb born on pre-weaning growth traits were also analysed. In addition, the overall leastsquares means of pre- weaning AGR (g/day) measures was 79.97 ± 0.56. Period of birth, season of lambing and sex of lamb born were a highly significant (P < 0.01) source of variation in influencing the measures of pre-weaning AGR (g/day) was estimated. Among the least-squares means obtained for pre- weaning AGR (g/day) measured at different period of lambing, the maximum value (99.37 ± 1.04) was found in period 6 (2011 - 2014) and minimum (60.61± 1.53) in period 1 (1991 - 1994) lambing. Besides, season 2 (July- September) lambing was found highest (93.90 ± 0.78) pre-weaning AGR (g/day) and lowest (61.84 ± 0.81) in season 1(January-March) lambing. Similarly, male lamb had maximum (84.84±0.85) pre-weaning AGR (g/day) than female lamb (74.79 ± 0.71) also estimated.ArticleItem Open Access Evaluation of determinants influence for consumption of livestock products in second-tier cities of Tamil Nadu in India(2016) Priyadharsini S; Kathiravan G; Thirunavukkarasu M; Ganpat W; TANUVASA study was carried out in two Second-Tier cities of Tamil Nadu, viz., Coimbatore and Salem, with the objectives to analyze the factors influencing the consumption pattern of three major livestock products, namely milk, egg and meat. Multistage sampling procedure was adopted to select 160 household consumers, 80 from each of the cities. Relevant data were collected through personal interview with the help of a pilot-tested interview schedule. Semi-log functional analysis for household consumption of milk revealed that family size, education, region of sample household and dummies for children, income and physical exertion were found to be significantly influencing the consumption of milk. However, egg consumption was influenced by family size, education, food habits, region, presence of children/aged in the household, income levels and physical exertion of family members. Of the independent factors chosen for the model fitted for household meat consumption, family size and dummies for Hindu, region, aged and income categories were found significantly influencing the consumption of meat.As the consumers are segmented by the key quality attributes of livestock products and by socio-economic factors, strategies are necessarily to be evolved and strengthened for enabling niche marketing on identifiable sub-groups.ArticleItem Open Access SURVEY OF CATTLE MARKETS IN TAMIL NADU: AN ASSESSMENT OF FUNCTIONARIES’ CONSTRAINTS(2019) SELVAKUMAR KN; KATHIRAVAN G; TANUVASA survey on cattle markets in Tamil Nadu was carried out to assess the constraints of market functionaries. The shandy organizers, buyers, sellers and market intermediaries were asked to rank the given set of problems during marketing of cattle in shandies of study area and the responses analysed through Garett’s ranking technique. Inadequate watering facility, poor sheltering and fencing, insufficient market yard and too high bidding amount were the major constraints by the shandy organizers in the study area. By and large, the absence of adequate sheltering and fencing, poor lairage sanitation, inadequate watering facility, insufficient market yard, poor ramp/dock facility and inadequate veterinary services were problems recognized as major by the sellers in the shandies of study area. Absence of sheltering and fencing facilities and poor lairage sanitation were the important problems felt by the buyers throughout the study area, while the least important constraint was high entry fee. The prime problems faced by the buyers in the cattle markets of study area were poor lairage sanitation, lack of sheltering and fencing, inadequacy of water, poor ramp facility, insufficient market yard and exploitation by middlemen. Finalisation of transactions between buyers and sellers, poor turnout of animals to shandies and too low brokerage offered were the major constraints felt by the market intermediaries throughout the study area. Overall, the survey revealed that the cattle shandies and their operations need much improvement for sustaining their operations in the long-run.ArticleItem Open Access MARKETING CHANNELS, MARKET STRUCTURE AND CONDUCT OF CATTLE SHANDIES IN TAMIL NADU: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY(2019) SELVAKUMAR KN; KATHIRAVAN G; TANUVASMarket structure, conduct, performance of shandies in Tamil Nadu were studied, besides identifying marketing channels through which animals are transacted between sellers and buyers. Although the spread of animals among sellers in shandies was found to be even, thus forming a basis for “competitive market”, prevalence of invisible pricing mechanism forced the structure of cattle shandies to be “Pseudo-competitive market”. The ratio of sellers to buyers in the shandies of study area was found to be 1:1.01. There were four common marketing channels for livestock trade. Of which, the channel II (Seller – Broker – Buyer), which involved brokers as its market intermediary, dominated in the volume of transaction among the observed channels. The presence of brokers in this channel facilitated the trade, as they had sound knowledge in current livestock trade practices and future trend. Besides, enabling the marketing process quick and easy, this channel would augment the employment opportunity to a sect of population, the middlemen and helps to earn their livelihood in addition to reasonable seller’s share and buyer’s price. It needs mention that the presence of brokers in cattle trade is appreciated both by buyers and sellers, their services are yet to be officialised.
