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ArticleItem Open Access COST AND PROFIT IN BROILER PRODUCTION AT SIX, SEVEN & EIGHT WEEKS OF AGE(TANUVAS, Chennai, 1988-12) Sheriff, F.R.; Kumanan, K.; Thangaraj, T.M.; TANUVASBroiler production has increased in India in the recent years due to quick returns, higher profits and comparatively lesser risk than layer farming Studies on production costs and returns in Broiler production are limited in our country. Prabakaran and Natarajan (1984) and Prabakaran et al. (1985) reported on the effect of farm size on profitability.ArticleItem Open Access Duck plague outbreak in a Chara-Chemballi duck farm(2019) Pazhanivel, N.; Rajeswar, J.; Ramprabhu, R.; Manoharan, S.; Bala, M.A.; Balachandran, C.; Kumanan, K.; Prathaban, S.; Saahithya, R.; TANUVASDuck rearing is one of the important livelihoods of rural people. Duck plague is one of the diseases causing heavy mortality resulting in economic losses. Case description: An outbreak of duck plague in a farm in Kadavakathi Village near Tenkasi, Tirunelveli Dt., is reported. Findings/treatment and outcome: Two thousands out of 4500 Chara-Chemballi breed of ducks which were recently purchased from Chenganacherry in Kerala died, with a mortality rate of 44.4%. Clinical signs of inappetence, partial closure of eyelid, conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, oculo-nasal discharge, soiled vent with green white watery diarrhoea, ataxia, incoordination and sudden death were observed. Necropsy examination revealed diphtheritic membrane in the oesophagus, congestion, petechial haemorrhages and multifocal gray white areas on the surface of the liver, epicardial haemorrhages, congested trachea, lung, kidneys, splenomegaly with mottled appearance and enteritis. Microscopical examination revealed presence of eosinophilic intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions in the epithelial cells of the intestine and hepatocytes, degeneration and necrosis of enterocytes, dilated crypt epithelial cells with presence of eosinophilic intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions, congestion and lymphoid cell depletion in the spleen, vasculitis, congestion, and haemorrhages in the trachea and lungs, proventriculitis, and congested kidneys. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) also confirmed the duck plague viral infection by the amplification of polymerase gene fragment (446 bp). Conclusion: Based on the above findings, the Chara-Chemballi duck disease outbreak was diagnosed as duck viral enteritis infection.ArticleItem Open Access Emergence of Porcine Circovirus 2 Associated Reproductive Failure in Southern India(2016) Karuppannan, A.K.; Ramesh, A.; Reddy, Y.K.; Kumanan, K.; TANUVASIncidence of unusually high numbers of stillbirths was observed at a piggery unit at the Veterinary University research farm in Tamil Nadu State of India. Systematic examination of the tissue from stillborn piglets led to the identification of presence of Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). Detailed analysis utilizing electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing confirmed the presence of PCV2 in the tissue of affected piglets. Histopathology analysis of the affected piglet tissue showed lymphoid cell depletion of lymphnodes, spleen and infiltration of liver, kidney, myocardium, etc. Retrospective examination of the morbidity and mortality history in the farm revealed high mortality in young and weanling piglets suggestive of PCV2 infection-induced diseases. This is the first report of emergence of major disease incidence in farmed swine due to PCV2 infection in India.ArticleItem Open Access Antibiotic residue screening of milk samples using microbial inhibition assay: A preliminary study(2018) Sophila, J Ruth; Raj, G. Dhinakar; Kumanan, K.; Sarathchandra, G.; Vairamuthu, S.; TANUVASA preliminary study was conducted to detect the presence of antibiotic residue in milk samples collected in and around Chennai using the microbial inhibition assay with freeze dried vegetative form of Geobacillus stearothermophilus. All the samples were found to be negative for antibiotic residues. Before field testing, the LOD of the commonly used antibiotics namely Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Neomycin and Oxytetracycline was determined to be 50, 25,100 and 25 ppb respectively This was much lower than the MRLs for each antibiotic indicating that it is a sensitive assay. The assay would be useful for screening bulk samples as a qualitative test before the confirmatory test using HPLC.ArticleItem Open Access In ovo delivery of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the growth and immune response of commercial broiler chicken(International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2018) Ravichandran, S.; Kanagaraju, P.; Kumanan, K.; Muthusamy, P.; Rathnapraba, S.; Srinivasan, G.; TANUVASA nutritional trial was conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo injection of Lactobacillus acidophilus to 18 days old broiler chicken embryo on the growth performance and humoral immune response of commercial broilers. In ovo injection was carried out on 18th day of incubation, out of total 720 broiler hatching eggs, 144 eggs served as non injected control (T1), 144 eggs served as sham control and the remaining 432 eggs (144 for each treatment group) were injected with 0.2 ml of 1x106 Lactobacillus acidophilus (T3), 0.2 ml of 1x109 Lactobacillus acidophilus (T4) and 0.2ml of 1x1012 Lactobacillus acidophilus (T5). The positive control group was injected with 0.2 ml of 0.9% normal saline solution. At hatch, 480 chicks were randomly selected (96 birds in each treatment) with six replicates of 16 birds each as per treatment wise. Data on hatchability, sixth week weight gain, cumulative FCR, livability and antibody titres against sheep RBC antigen were recorded and statistically analysed. There was no significant difference in percent hatchability among treatment and control groups. The 6th week body weight and weight gain were significantly (P<0.01) affected by in ovo injection of Lactobacillus acidophilus irrespective of concentration. The feed consumption was significantly (P<0.01) more in probiotic injected groups compared to other groups only on second week. The 6th week cumulative FCR was not significantly affected by in ovo infusion of probiotics. The livability was significantly (P<0.05) higher in probiotic infused groups. Antibody titre against SBRC antigen was significantly (P<0.01) increased by in ovo treatments compared to sham and control. The TLR-2 gene was significantly (P<0.01) up regulated in the spleen and caecal tonsil’s of L. acidophilus infused broilers. The results of this trial indicated that the in ovo injection of Lactobacillus acidophilus has got beneficial effect on the growth performance, survivability and immune status of commercial broilers.ArticleItem Open Access SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SELENIUM NANO PARTICLES BY HIGH ENERGY BALL MILLING (HEBM) TECHNIQUE(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2020-07) Jamima, J.; Veeramani, P.; Kanagaraju, P.; Kumanan, K.; TANUVASIn present day, supplementation of extra minerals and vitamins is highly essential in commercial diets due to high productivity and to withstand the detrimental effects of different stresses. Selenium is one of essential trace minerals for better growth and productivity as well as anti-stressor in commercial broilers. Nano-selenium can effectively be synthesized through High Energy Ball Milling (HEBM) technique from its precursor, for use in commercial broilers as anti-stressor and to support multiple bodily functions. The prepared nano particle had 44.5 % of selenium as measured by Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis with the product yield of 50 g/hr. The chemical composition of sodium selenite powder was same as that of the original mega particle. The size of Se nano particle ranged from 37-85 nm as analyzed through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). X-Ray diffraction pattern confirmed that the synthesized Se nano particle was free of impurities and provided accurate information on the atomic arrangements. The Fourier Transform Infra- Red (FTIR) spectrum of synthesized nano particle source of selenium peaks was located at 3023.26, 2800.12, 2502.23, 2314.17, 1610.40 and 1413.30 cm-1 which showed chemical bonding in a target material. The zeta potential of nano selenium was -23.30 mV when analyzed through particle size analyzer. Se nano-particles could be successfully synthesized through High Energy Ball Milling method from its precursor and could be characterized for its quantity, size, shape, stability and purity. The synthesized Se nano-particles could be utilized for the conduct of biological trial in commercial broilers.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Follicular Fluid Supplementation On In-Vitro Maturation And Developmental Rate Of Buffalo Oocytes(2017) Satheshkumar, S.; Priya, M. Shalini; Brindha, K.; Sakthivel, S.; Kumanan, K.; TANUVASThe effect of supplementation of follicular fluid (FF) at 5.0% concentration in in vitro maturation (IVM) media on in vitrn production of buffalo embryos was studied. Oocytes were aspirated from slaughter house derived ovaries and graded.ArticleItem Open Access Comparison of Immunoprotection of Leptospira Recombinant Proteins with conventional vaccine in experimental animals(Indian J. of Experimental Biology, 2015-12) Parthiban, M.; Senthilkumar, S.; Balachandran, C.; Kumanan, K.; Aarthi, K.S.; Nireesha, G.; TANUVASLeptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira affecting humans and animals. Untreated leptospirosis may result in severe kidney damage, meningitis, liver Failure, respiratory distress, and even death.ArticleItem Open Access Nucleotide Sequence and Restriction Enzyme Analysis Of Field and Vaccine Strains Of Duck Plague Virus In India(Indian J. Comp. Microbiol. Imunol. Infect. Dis., 2015-01) Priyadharsini, C.V.; Parthiban, M.; Kumanan, K.; Nireesha, G.; TANUVASThe full length virulent glycoprotein E gene of Duck Plague Virus(DPV) field isolates of Tamil Nadu and Ranipet vaccine strain were amplified, sequenced and analyzed. The nucleotide and phylogenetic analysis were done to understand the genetic relatlonship of DPV Tamil Nadu isolates and Ranipet vaccine strain of plague virus with other DPV strains prevalent in the world.
