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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETES IN RATS AND ITS AMELIORATION BY POMEGRANATE JUICE AND PEEL EXTRACT(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585401, 2022) YASHAS R KUMAR; H. D. NARAYANASWAMYThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of pomegranate juice and peel extract individually and in combination with metformin in STZ induced diabetes in rats for a period of 45 days. The study included seven treatment groups comprising of ten albino wistar rats each, randomized with minimal variation in initial body weights. The various groups in this study included normal control (Group I (NC)), diabetic control (Group II (DC)), diabetic rats treated with metformin at the rate of 500 mg/kg bw (Group III (MF)), diabetic rats treated with pomegranate fresh juice at (1ml/day) Group IV(PJ)), diabetic rats treated with pomegranate peel extracts (at 100mg) (Group V (PPE)), diabetic rats treated with pomegranate fresh juice (1mL) + pomegranate peel extracts (100mg) at 50 per-cent dosage and metformin (half dose) Group-VI (PJ+PPE+MF 50%), diabetic rats treated with pomegranate fresh juice (0.5mL) + pomegranate peel extract (50mg) at 50 per-cent dosage and metformin (half dose) Group-VII (PJ+PPE @ 50% +MF 50%). The results showed that there was a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the mean glucose values in diabetic rats when compared to normal control rats. Similarly, the mean (± SE) serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, ALT, AST level were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher and in RBC, Hb and platelets values were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lesser in diabetic control animals compared to the normal control animals. All the antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GPx) were markedly reduced in diabetic control (Group II). The treatment groups treated with metformin, pomegranate juice and pomegranate peel extract (Group III to VII) individually or in combination showed a significant improvement in all the parameters compared to diabetic control by the end of 45th day. However, it could be inferred that metformin substantially alleviated the effects of STZ in diabetic rats compared to all the treatment groups. Pomegrenate peel extract was observed to have marginally better antidiabetic effects compared to pomegranate juice and among the combination treatment groups (VI and VII) there was no dose dependent and synergistic effect observed. Keywords: Pomegrenate peel extract (PPE), Pomegrenate juice (PJ), Metformin, Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx)ThesisItem Open Access PATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDIES IN INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND ITS AMELIORATION USING AGED GARLIC EXTRACT IN WISTAR RATS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2020-11-01) SHASHIDHAR BALLARI; M. L. SATYANARAYANAThe present study was carried out to evaluate antihyperlipidemic effect of aged garlic extract in high fat fed hyperlipidemic male Wistar albino rats. The antihyperlipidemic effect was evaluated by serum biochemical, haematological, tissue antioxidant profile, histopathology and RT-PCR for expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in different study groups. The present study was conducted in 72 male Wistar rats divided into six different groups. The various groups in this study included normal control (Group I), high fat diet control (Group II), aged garlic control (Group III), aged garlic treatment group (Group IV), standard drug atorvastatin treatment group (Group V) and mixed treatment group with aged garlic extract and atorvastatin (group VI). The relative organ weights were higher in HFD control and atorvastatin treatment groups. The platelet count, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-c and VLDL-c, ALT and AST were significantly high, HDL-c and BUN values were reduced with reduction in the antioxidant profile and increase in the pro-oxidant level. Grossly and microscopically liver showed fatty change and its associated changes. The hyperlipidemic changes produced by the HFD were significantly improved by the atorvastatin treatment with mild biochemical abnormalities. AGE and mixed treatment groups showed moderate improvement in various parameters assayed to evaluate the ameliorative effect. In RT- PCR no relative expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF alpha was evident in any of the groups studied. Key words: High fat diet (HFD), hyperlipidemia, aged garlic extract (AGE), proinflammatory cytokines.ThesisItem Open Access PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON INDUCED DIABETES IN RATS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC EFFICACY OF COUMARIN (UMBELLIFERONE)(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL & FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2020-08-01) ANJANKUMAR K.R.; M. L. SATYANARAYANAThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of umbelliferone (Coumarin / UMB) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced DM in Wistar rats and to characterize the biochemical and pathomorphological alterations in diabetic rats in comparison with Glibenclamide and / or concomitant administration of UMB (coumarin) in Wistar rats for a period of 45 days. The study was conducted in male Wistar albino rats which were divided into six different groups each containing 18 rats. The different groups of the study included Group I –(normal control, NC), Group II (diabetic control , DC), Group III (glibenclamide treated rats, DC), Group IV (umbelliferone treated rats , U-20), Group V (umbelliferone treated rats , U-40) and Group VI (umbelliferone treated rats , U-20 + GC), respectively. The alleviation of the diabetes and its complications induced by streptozotocin was observed in all the treatment groups with variable degrees of improvement. Umbelliferone was effective in alleviating streptozotocin induced diabetes and were comparable with glibenclamide. Combination of UMB with glibenclamide showed comparable improvement when compared to individual treatment groups alone but statistically no significant synergetic action was seen. UMB individually showed to reduce the hepatic damage, possessed anticholesterolemic and anti-triglyceridemic properties. Further studies are required by adapting dose dependent strategy to investigate the synergistic effects with glibenclamide on alleviating DM induced complications. Therefore, improvement in anti-oxidant profile, preservation of histological architecture and increased immunohistochemical detection of insulin positive cells could be attributed to bioactivity of umbelliferone Key words: Diabetes, Umbelliferone, Glibenclamide, Streptozotocin, RatsThesisItem Open Access TOXICOPATHOLOGY OF IMATINIB MESYLATE IN WISTAR RATS AND ITS AMELIORATION WITH GRAPE SEED PROANTHOCYANIDINS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL & FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019-06-01) HEMANTH. I; H.D. NARAYANASWAMYThe present study was conducted to investigate the toxicopathological effects of imatinib mesylate in Wistar rats and its amelioration by grape seed proanthocyanidins. Male Wistar rats of 7-8 weeks of age, were categorised to five treatment groups viz. Groups I (Normal control), II (Imatinib mesylate positive control), III (GSP extract positive control), IV (Concurrent) and V (Pre-treatment) and administered with imatinib and GSP extract at dose rates of 100 mg/Kg. B. Wt. and 200 mg/Kg. B. Wt. respectively, by daily oral gavaging for 28 days. Six animals from each group were sacrificed on Day 14 and 28. Pathological signs were more characteristically noticed among Group II animals that included abnormal behaviour, significantly decreased weekly body weights, reduced haematological parameters (TEC, Hb, PCV, TLC, Platelet count), increased levels of serum biomarkers (cTnT, LDH, AST, ALT, ALP, Creatinine), deteriorated anti-oxidants status and increased tissue lipid peroxidation level. Histopathological changes recorded were sarcoplasmic vacuolations, myofibrillar fragmentation, necrosis and apoptosis of cardiac myocytes in heart, lesions of fatty change, glycogen infiltration and single cell necrosis in liver, and severe cytoplasmic vacuolations, necrotic and apoptotic changes in tubular epithelial cells in kidney. Immunohistochemical analysis of heart tissue sections revealed significantly reduced intensity of cTnT staining and increased staining for caspase-8. Real-time PCR evaluation for caspase-8 and ATF-3 gene expression in heart samples revealed significantly higher levels of expression, suggesting the ER stress and apoptosis induction as mechanisms of imatinib induced cardiotoxicity. Group IV rats showed significant amelioration on both the days of examination but Group V rats showed better amelioration on Day 14 that waned by Day 28. Thus, GSP extract has the efficient amelioration against imatinib mesylate induced multi-organ toxicities.ThesisItem Open Access PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR EVALUATION OF METHOTREXATE (MTX) INDUCED TOXICITY AND ITS AMELIORATION BY ZINC OXIDE (ZnO) NANOPARTICLES(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL & FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019-07-01) AKSHATA S. ANGADI; SUGUNA RAOThe present study was pursued to evaluate the pathomorphological, biochemical and molecular changes in methotrexate induced toxicity and its amelioration by zinc oxide nanoparticles treatment in rats for 45 days. The study included normal control (Group I), methotrexate control (Group II), zinc oxide nanoparticle control (Group III), zinc oxide nanoparticles pre-treatment (Group-IV), ZnO NP concurrent treatment (Group-V) and silymarin treatment (Group-VI) groups. Toxicity was induced in rats by administration of methotrexate at the dose rate of 5 mg/kg bw IP for three consecutive days and zinc oxide nanoparticles were used at the dose rate of 50 mg/kg bw PO. The parameters assessed following the administration of methotrexate and zinc oxide nanoparticles in different groups included clinical signs, biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation assay and gross and histopathology. Molecular study included immunohistochemical evaluation of p53 expression and relative quantification of p53 expression in liver by real time PCR. Methotrexate induced toxicity was characterized by necrosis and apoptosis. The pre-treatment and concurrent zinc oxide nanoparticles administration partially alleviated the methotrexate induced toxic effects. The pre-treatment of zinc oxide nanoparticles rendered better acquisition of overall defence status to combat immediate overload of oxidative stress caused by methotrexate compared to zinc oxide concurrent therapy. The effect of zinc oxide pre-treatment was comparable with the hepatoprotective effect of silymarin, a proven herbal hepato protectant in alleviating methotrexate induced toxicity.ThesisItem Open Access PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR EVALUATION OF METHOTREXATE (MTX) INDUCED TOXICITY AND ITS AMELIORATION BY ZINC OXIDE (ZnO) NANOPARTICLES(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL & FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019-07) AKSHATA S. ANGADI; SUGUNA RAOThe present study was pursued to evaluate the pathomorphological, biochemical and molecular changes in methotrexate induced toxicity and its amelioration by zinc oxide nanoparticles treatment in rats for 45 days. The study included normal control (Group I), methotrexate control (Group II), zinc oxide nanoparticle control (Group III), zinc oxide nanoparticles pre-treatment (Group-IV), ZnO NP concurrent treatment (Group-V) and silymarin treatment (Group-VI) groups. Toxicity was induced in rats by administration of methotrexate at the dose rate of 5 mg/kg bw IP for three consecutive days and zinc oxide nanoparticles were used at the dose rate of 50 mg/kg bw PO. The parameters assessed following the administration of methotrexate and zinc oxide nanoparticles in different groups included clinical signs, biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation assay and gross and histopathology. Molecular study included immunohistochemical evaluation of p53 expression and relative quantification of p53 expression in liver by real time PCR. Methotrexate induced toxicity was characterized by necrosis and apoptosis. The pre-treatment and concurrent zinc oxide nanoparticles administration partially alleviated the methotrexate induced toxic effects. The pre-treatment of zinc oxide nanoparticles rendered better acquisition of overall defence status to combat immediate overload of oxidative stress caused by methotrexate compared to zinc oxide concurrent therapy. The effect of zinc oxide pre-treatment was comparable with the hepatoprotective effect of silymarin, a proven herbal hepato protectant in alleviating methotrexate induced toxicity.ThesisItem Open Access PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR EVALUATION OF METHOTREXATE (MTX) INDUCED TOXICITY AND ITS AMELIORATION BY ZINC OXIDE (ZnO) NANOPARTICLES(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019-07) AKSHATA S. ANGADI; SUGUNA RAOThe present study was pursued to evaluate the pathomorphological, biochemical and molecular changes in methotrexate induced toxicity and its amelioration by zinc oxide nanoparticles treatment in rats for 45 days. The study included normal control (Group I), methotrexate control (Group II), zinc oxide nanoparticle control (Group III), zinc oxide nanoparticles pre-treatment (Group-IV), ZnO NP concurrent treatment (Group-V) and silymarin treatment (Group-VI) groups. Toxicity was induced in rats by administration of methotrexate at the dose rate of 5 mg/kg bw IP for three consecutive days and zinc oxide nanoparticles were used at the dose rate of 50 mg/kg bw PO. The parameters assessed following the administration of methotrexate and zinc oxide nanoparticles in different groups included clinical signs, biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation assay and gross and histopathology. Molecular study included immunohistochemical evaluation of p53 expression and relative quantification of p53 expression in liver by real time PCR. Methotrexate induced toxicity was characterized by necrosis and apoptosis. The pre-treatment and concurrent zinc oxide nanoparticles administration partially alleviated the methotrexate induced toxic effects. The pre-treatment of zinc oxide nanoparticles rendered better acquisition of overall defence status to combat immediate overload of oxidative stress caused by methotrexate compared to zinc oxide concurrent therapy. The effect of zinc oxide pre-treatment was comparable with the hepatoprotective effect of silymarin, a proven herbal hepato protectant in alleviating methotrexate induced toxicityThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON OCCURRENCE OF PULMONARY DISORDERS IN DOGS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2017-10) SAVITHA, J.V; Dr. M.L. SATYANARAYANARespiratory symptoms are the prominent manifestations of many diseases which can be a major cause of mortality and morbidity in dogs. Necropsy and histopathological examination of the lungs directly point at the underlined pathological process involved in the disease. Hence, the present study was conducted to record the occurrence of various pulmonary conditions in dogs, their gross appearance and histopathological features. A total of 75 representative pulmonary tissue samples with lesions were collected from dogs. Occurrence of lung lesions was highest among dogs aged between 8-10 years followed by less than one year old dogs. Male and non-descript dogs were found to be affected more with pulmonary disorders. Based on gross and microscopical examination, various pulmonary disorders recorded were congestion, haemorrhage, oedema, atelectasis, emphysema, bronchitis and bronchiolitis, pneumonia and pulmonary neoplasms. The different types of pneumonia observed were bronchopneumonia and interstitial pneumonia. Among the bronchopneumonia, fibrinous and suppurative types and among the interstitial pneumonia, acute and chronic types were observed. Pulmonary neoplasms were classified as primary and secondary. Primary neoplasms include bronchiolar papillary adenoma, bronchioloalveolar papillary adenocarcinoma and myxosarcoma. Secondary neoplasms include single cases of solid adenocarcinoma of mammary gland, lymphosarcoma and chemodectoma. Further, miscellaneous conditions observed were anthracosis and calcification. These lesions were found to be correlated with various clinically diagnosed conditions of infectious and non-infectious origin as like canine distemper, renal failure, cardiac failure, parvoviral gastroenteritis and leptospirosis. Thus, the present study could be concluded that lung is one of the most commonly affected organ associated with various systemic infections and non-infectious pathological conditions, suggesting the need for advanced molecular techniques to arrive at precise diagnosis.ThesisItem Open Access Studies On Clinico-Pathology And Molecular Diagnosis Of Paratuberculosis In Small Ruminants(Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2017) Srikanth, MSheep And Goat Farming Is One Of The Important Agribased Activities, Which Has Been Practiced By A Large Section Of Farmers In Developing Countries Like India And Plays
