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ThesisItem Open Access Incomplete block designs for diallel and partial diallel crosses- A critical review(CCSHAU, 2016) Bishnoi, Rekha; Aneja, D.R.The objective of present investigation is to give an exhaustive review of work done on incomplete block designs for diallel and partial diallel crosses. Confounded diallel crosses for Methods I and III of Griffing (1956) given by Agarwal (1974, 75) are useful when the experimenter is interested in the estimation of all components i.e. g.c.a, s.c.a, maternal and maternal interaction effects of diallel crosses. The loss of information of different effects and interactions has also been given. N-ary designs using triangular PBIB designs given by Divecha and Ghosh (1994) for estimation of g.c.a, s.c.a, reciprocal effects for all four complete diallel crosses can be used. Efficiency of these designs is a matter of investigation. Optimal complete diallel crosses using Nested (Gupta and Kageyama, 1994) & PBIB designs (Dey and Midha, 1996) and efficient designs for complete diallel crosses through Latin square designs (Sharma et al., 2011) & balanced lattice designs (Sharma, 2005) have been also described in the present manuscript. These designs are efficient/optimal for g.c.a effects only. Catalogue of all such designs for number of inbred lines upto 20 have been also given which will be useful for the experimenter in the selection of appropriate blocked diallel cross design as per his requirement. Optimal complete diallel crosses designs given by Chai and Mukherjee (1999) are optimal for both g.c.a as well as s.c.a comparisons. Method of constructing Incomplete Block Designs for Partial Diallel Crosses using n-ary designs given by Agarwal & Das (1990) and Divecha & Ghosh (1997) have been illustrated through examples also. In these methods, two designs have to be considered; one for construction and another for evaluation of Partial Diallel Crosses. When the list of all such BIB and PBIB designs is not available, Mating Environment designs using circular designs (Sharma, 1998) are useful because these are available for any combination of number of treatments and block sizes. Catalogues of such designs have been provided in in tabular form. Construction method of optimal partial diallel crosses by Mukerjee (1997) & Das et al. (1998) available in literature have been also described.ThesisItem Open Access Standardization of cultivation technology of blue oyster mushroom (Hypsizygus ulmarius) in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2016) Sharma, Pankaj Kumar; Fateh SinghHypsizygus ulmarius (Bull.ex.Fr.) Redhead has been studied to optimize physiological conditions, suitable substrate, supplement and its cultivation to harvest maximum yield. Two cultivation trials were carried out during October - December, 2015 and February – April, 2016 under natural conditions of Haryana. Gram flour (5 %) supplemented wheat straw was treated with hot water (60 0C) and chemicals viz., Bavistin ; 50 ppm, Formalin ; 500 ppm and Bavistin;50 ppm + Formalin;500 ppm. Maximum yield (661 g), least spawn run period (21.9 days), pinhead appearance (23.7 days) and mould incidence (11.7 %) was observed when wheat straw substrate treated with hot water (60 0C for 30 minutes). Physiological study of H. ulmarius was conducted to optimize temperature and pH using PDA medium to obtain maximum growth. Radial growth and biomass were maximum at 25 ±1 0C and pH 7.0.ThesisItem Open Access Bioecology of castor capsule borer, conogethes punctiferalis guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)(CCSHAU, 2016) Shivakumar K.; Gaur, Ram KaranField and laboratory studies on Bioecology of castor capsule borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) were carried out at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional research station, Bawal during 2015-16. Studies on biology of C. punctiferalis showed that eggs of this species were pale white, round, oval shaped and found singly or in groups of 4 to 7. The incubation period varied from 4 to 5 days. There were five larval instars and the total larval duration varied from 15 to 20 days. The pupa was dark brown in colour, obtect and pupal period varied from 9 to 11 days. Female moth having tuft of anal hairs but it is absent in case of male moth. Male moths of C. punctiferalis were smaller (mean 21.90��0.70 mm in wing expense) than female (mean 23.40��1.24 mm in wing expense). Adult male lived for 5 to 6 days whereas female for 6 to 7 days. The total life span of male ranged from 34 to 73 days, while that of female from 35 to 76 days in different generations. There was a ifference in sex ratio, being in favour of female both in laboratory and field condition. The pest completed five generations in a year. The presence of brown frass and fecal pellets around the entrance hole was the symptom of infestation of this pest. The observations on pest infestation showed that infestation fluctuated from 2.0 to 14.2 per cent. The peak level of infestation (14.2 per cent) was recorded during November 16-30, 2015. The pest infestation showed negative correlation with maximum temperature (-0.394), minimum temperature (-0.346) and rainfall (-0.121) whereas positive correlation with morning (0.479) and evening (0.206) relative humidity. This pest caused 10.5 per cent seed infestation in castor, 2 to 5 percent damage on guava fruit whereas no infestation was found on ber, aonla and mulberry. The castor capsule borer caused the economic loss an approximately Rs. 7560 per hectare in castor crop.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of extract of peach leaves on cotton for microbial resistance(CCSHAU, 2016) Sushma Rani; Punia, ParveenToday the customers are increasingly aware of the health and hygienic lifestyle. Textiles being more vulnerable to microbial attack would cause cross infection, transfer of diseases, allergic reactions and odour upon human beings due to infestation by microbes. In order to overcome such bad effects antimicrobial treatment are needed to apply on the textile materials. Therefore, cotton fabric was treated with Peach leaves extract to assess its efficacy against antibacterial property and washing. Effect of preparatory processes, Peach leaves extract treatment and washing on physical properties was also assessed. For effective application of treatment, desizing and scouring was done. Peach leaves were extracted by cold aqueous maceration. Yield percentage of aqueous extract of 24 hrs. (20.11%) was found to be higher than 12 hrs. (9.20%). Three concentrations i.e. 1mg/ml, 3mg/ml and 5 mg/ml were tested against the growth of Bacillus spp. Strong zone of inhibition was observed in 5mg/ml concentration. The application of treatment was performed with exhaust method by using the standard conditions. On 0 day (soon after 24 hrs.) of inoculation Peach leaves extract treatment was found to be cent percent effective with both the dilution factors (107 and 108). Treatment was very effective even up to a week period, however there was reduction in percent reduction with increase in incubation period. After washing it was found that Peach leaves extract treatment was effective but there was decrease in percent reduction with an increase in incubation period. However, it is needed to retreat the fabric samples after every wash. After desizing and scouring fabric weight, bulk, fabric count both in warp & weft directions and thickness of fabric were increased significantly while air permeability, bending length in weft direction were decreased significantly. The changes in bending length in warp direction, tensile strength both in warp and weft directions, flexural rigidity and moisture regain were found to be non-significant. After Peach leaves extract treatment bulk and weight of fabric were increased significantly while air permeability and tensile strength in warp directions were decreased, significantly. The changes in tensile strength in weft directions, fabric count both in warp and weft directions, thickness, bending length both in warp and weft directions, flexural rigidity and moisture regain were found to be non- significant. After washing fabric weight, bulk, tensile strength in warp and weft directions, thickness and bending length in weft direction were decreased significantly while air permeability increased significantly. The changes in bending length in warp direction, fabric count both in warp and weft directions, flexural rigidity and moisture regain were found to be non-significant. Conclusively, Peach leaves extract was observed as a effective natural source for antibacterial activit.ThesisItem Open Access Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of leaves, bark and seeds of chinese rain tree (Koelreuteria elegans)(CCSHAU, 2016) Parveen Kumari; Khabiruddin, M.The present study was undertaken for phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of bark, leaves and seeds of Chinese rain tree (Koelreuteria elegans). The plant materials were collected from the university campus CCS, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. After cleaning, these were dried in shade and ground to fine powdered form. Ash content, crude fibre, crude protein, carbohydrates, energy value and minerals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe), analysed in the seeds, were found to be 1.3±0.1 %, 10.3±0.6 %, 19.5±0.6 %, 36.8±1.5 %, 627.3±6.6 KJ/100g respectively and Zn content was found to be 55.0±1.4 ppm, Cu content was 175.0±3.5 ppm, Mn content was 606.0±28.3 ppm and Fe content was 519.0±16.5 ppm. Moisture content and oil content were 7.1±0.2 % and 25.0±0.2 % respectively. Peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter and free fatty acids in the seed oil, were found to be 1.8±0.1 meq/kg, 90.9±1.2 g of I2/100 g oil, 198.1±0.2 mg/g KOH, 4.3±0.1 % and 1.2±0.02 as % oleic acid. Total phenols, total carotenoids and total tocopherol in the oil were found to be 2.8±0.04 mg GAE/g, 15.1±0.3 mg/kg and 34.7±1.8 mg/100g respectively. Total flavonoids were in traces. The fatty acid composition of the oil was found as palmitic acid (4.9±0.2 %), oleic acid (22.8±0.1 %), linoleic acid (9.7±0.2 %), arachidic acid (54.8±0.2 %) and behanic acid (1.3±0.1 %). Total phenols in methanol extract of bark, leaves and seed cake were found to be 99.3±1.2 mg GAE/g, 109.1±2.5 mg GAE/g and 60.0±0.1 mg GAE/g respectively. Total flavonoids in the methanol extract of bark, leaves and cake were found to be 26.9±0.4 mg CAE/g, 36.3±0.2 mg CAE/g and 10.0±0.06 mg CAE/g respectively. Antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined by DPPH free radical scavenging method and was found to be 96 % at conc. of 0.06 mg/ml in the bark extract and 95 % at conc. of 0.07 mg/ml in the leaf extract and 93 % at conc. of 0.07 mg/ml in the seed cake extract respectively. EC50 was 0.023±0.002 mg/ml for bark extract, 0.022±0.002 mg/ml for leaf extract and 0.025±0.01 mg/ml for the seed cake extract respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Antioxidant activity of phenolics and flavonoids fractions of bark of babul (Acacia nilotica) and arjun (Terminalia arjuna)(CCSHAU, 2016) Pravesh; Madan, V.K.The present study was undertaken to study the effect of extraction techniques on total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of bark of babul (Acacia nilotica) and arjun (Terminalia arjuna). Methanolic extracts were obtained by cold and hot extraction techniques followed by liquidliquid partitioning of methanolic extracts with various solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol). Extract yield of methanolic extracts of bark of babul and arjun obtained by hot extraction technique (10.889 to 12.623 g/100g) was higher in comparison to cold extraction technique (6.528 to 7.396 g/100g). Similarly, extract yield of various solvent fractions of aqueous layers of methanolic extracts of bark of babul and arjun obtained by hot extraction technique (0.027 to 2.177 g/100g) was higher in comparison to cold extraction technique (0.011 to 2.523 g/100g). Total phenolics content in methanolic extracts of bark of arjun and babul obtained by hot extraction technique (45.377 to 49.380 mg GAE/g) were higher in comparison to cold extraction technique (13.251 to 32.926 mg GAE/g). Similarly, total flavonoids content in methanolic extracts of bark of arjun and babul obtained by hot extraction technique (15.071 to 18.895 mg CE/g) were higher in comparison to cold extraction technique (4.353 to 10.752 mg CE/g). In various solvent fractions of aqueous layers of methanolic extracts of bark of babul obtained by both extraction techniques, total phenolics and total flavonoids contents were highest in ethyl acetate fraction followed by butanol, residual aqueous, dichloromethane, chloroform and hexane fractions. In various solvent fractions of aqueous layers of methanolic extracts of bark of arjun obtained by both extraction techniques, total phenolics and total flavonoids contents were highest in residual aqueous fraction followed by butanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, chloroform and hexane fractions. The lower values of IC50 represent higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Amongst extraction techniques, methanolic extracts of bark of babul and arjun obtained by hot extraction technique exhibited higher antioxidant activity (IC50 67.7 and 134.8 μg/mL) in comparison to cold extraction technique (IC50 71.7 and 180.5 μg/mL). In various solvent fractions of aqueous layers of methanolic extracts of bark of babul obtained by both extraction techniques, ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 24.9 and 35.2 μg/mL) followed by butanol, residual aqueous/dichloromethane, chloroform and hexane fractions. In various solvent fractions of aqueous layers of methanolic extracts of bark of arjun obtained by both extraction techniques, ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 27.7 and 38.1 μg/mL) followed by butanol, residual aqueous, chloroform, dichloromethane and hexane fractions.ThesisItem Open Access Genetical, biochemical and molecular basis of cotton leaf curl virus disease in gossypium hirsutum L.(CCSHAU, 2016) Sonika; Sangwan, R.S.The inheritance of cotton leaf curl virus disease indicated the complementary type of gene interaction (9:7) which indicated that this trait was digenically controlled. Generation mean analysis revealed significant differences for some traits where the A, B, C and D individual scales were also significant for some characters indicated thereby the presence of non-allelic interactions. Additivedominance model was found fit for days to flower in crosses (I, II and III), boll number in crosses (II, III and IV), boll weight in crosses (I, II and IV), GOT in all the four crosses, seed index in cross (IV), lint index in all the four crosses and seed cotton yield in crosses (I, III and IV). Dominance component was significant for most of the characters. Duplicate type of interaction was apparent for days to flower (cross IV) and plant height in crosses (I, II and IV). Among biochemical parameters, sugar content was significantly higher in susceptible parents than resistant parents. Phenol, tannin, gossypol content and enzymatic activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidases were significantly higher in resistant parents as compared to susceptible parents. Oil content did not show any particular trend. The correlation matrix among different biochemical parameters revealed that cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) grading (0-6) at 60 DAS, showed positive significant correlation with sugar content while other biochemical parameters viz. phenol, gossypol, tannin, crude protein and enzymes peroxidase (PO) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) showed significant negative correlation. CLCuD grading did not show any correlation with oil content. The same trend was observed in all of the four crosses at 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) except in sugar, phenol, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and protein (90 DAS). Twenty eight ISSR primers were used to study molecular variation among parental genotypes and their F1s. A total of 175 alleles were amplified unambiguously by 28 ISSR primers, of which 127 alleles were polymorphic (72.57 per cent). Polymorphic information content (PIC) value was found in the range of 0.495 to 0.907. The ISSR primer UBC 834 was found to have maximum PIC value (0.907) which indicated that this primer is more informative and can be further used to identify resistant genotypes from the germplasm or breeding material. The cluster analysis led to the distribution of parents and their F1s in to different groups at the similarity coefficient value of 0.54-0.85. Cluster A, included parent HS 6, cluster B bifurcated further into different sub-clusters indicated that parents GCH 3 and H 1353 and their F1s were present on the upper side of the dendrogram and parents HS 6 and RST 9 on the lower side of the dendrogram. Genetic similarity by ISSR analysis showed that parental genotypes GCH 3 and HS 6 were quite distinct from each other.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of nutritional status of pregnant women with special reference to anaemia and obesity in district Hisar ( Haryana)(CCSHAU, 2016) Sethi, Divya; Dahiya, SarojThe present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state to assess the nutritional status of pregnant women and impart nutrition education to the selected pregnant women. A total of 250 subjects having pregnancy of third trimester selected randomly from different hospitals of district Hisar. Respondents from both govt. and private hospitals selected so as to draw a sample of both urban and rural women.Nutritional status of pregnant women was assessed in terms of dietary assessment, anthropometric measurement (height, weight and skin fold thickness) and clinical assessment of signs and symptoms of various nutrient deficiency diseases. Dietary assessment was done by 24 hour dietary recall method for three consecutive days of 100 respondents. The results of the study revealed that consumption of all food stuffs like cereals, pulses etc were lower in the diets of pregnant women. Nutrients like energy, fat, β- carotene, B-complex vitamins, Vitamin C, Iron and Calcium were found limiting in the diets of pregnant women. It was found that caste, family size, income, working status and education of respondents and husband‘s education had significant (P<0.05) effect on food intake of selected pregnant women. Effect of caste, family size,family type, income, respondent‘s occupation and education, husband‘s occupation and education were found to be significant (P<0.05) on nutrient intake of the pregnant women. Result indicated that out of 250 pregnant women 79.2 per cent pregnant women were anaemic while 20.8 per cent were non anaemic. Effect of type of family and income were significant (P < 0.05) on prevalence of anaemia. Majority 47.2% women were overweight, 25.2 percent obese, 22.8 percent normal weight and 4.8 percent underweight.Nutrition education was imparted to 50 selected pregnant women. It was found that majority of the responents had inadequate knowledge regarding nutrition before imparting nutrition education. After imparting nutritional education there was significant (P<0.01) improvement in knowledge of pregnant women in all the characteristics.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on wedge grafting in guava (Psidium guajava L.) under polyhouse and open field conditions(CCSHAU, 2016) Kukshal, Renu; Bhatia, S.K.The present investigation entitled, “Studies on wedge grafting in guava (Psidium guajava L.) under polyhouse and open field conditions” was carried out at the experimental orchard, Department of Horticulture, CCS HAU, Hisar and in the polyhouse of the Precision Farming Development Centre of Department of Horticulture, CCS HAU, Hisar during the year 2015. The study was planned to standardize the optimum time of wedge grafting in guava viz. second fortnight of January with and without polycap, first and second fortnight of February with and without polycap, and March first fortnight with and without polycap under polyhouse and open field conditions in cv. Hisar Safeda. Among different time periods of grafting, second fortnight of February with capping of grafts under open field conditions, gave higher graft success (83.33%) whereas minimum graft success (10.00%) was observed under open field conditions when grafting was performed during second fortnight of January without capping of grafts. The second fortnight of February with capping took minimum number of days to sprouting (25.3) and first leaf emergence (28.4). Whereas, the maximum days taken to sprouting (43.1) and leaf emergence (46.8) were observed when grafting was performed during the second fortnight of January without capping. The maximum sprout length (16.35 cm) and diameter (3.03 mm) was recorded under open field conditions when grafting was done during February second fortnight with capping of grafts and the minimum sprout length (2.23 cm) was observed under the open field condition when grafting was performed during January second fortnight without capping of grafts. The minimum sprout diameter was observed under polyhouse condition during March first fortnight when the grafts were not covered with polycap (1.69 mm). The total number of leaves per plant were maximum (24.34) under February first fortnight with polycap and minimum under grafting operation performed during March first fortnight without polycap (14.83).The maximum leaf area per plant was noticed under open field condition during second fortnight of February associated with capping of grafts (1238.5 cm2) and the minimum was observed under open field condition when grafting operation was performed during January second fortnight without capping (433.1 cm2).The maximum chlorophyll a and b content was observed under open field condition during February second fortnight grafting with capping of grafts (1.050 mg/g fw and 0.420 mg/g fw) and the minimum was recorded under open field condition during January second fortnight grafting without capping of grafts (0.837 mg/g fw and 0.253 mg/g fw). Maximum fresh and dry weight per plant (32.53 g) and (13.77 g) was recorded during February first fortnight with capping of grafts whereas, minimum (21.16 g) and (9.36 g) was observed for January second fortnight of grafting without capping of grafts.