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M. Sc. Dissertations

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2010 - 2016766
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Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Diversity, abundance and pollination efficiency of insect pollinators on seed crop of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck)
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Suman Devi; Ombir
    The present study was conducted at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India). Twenty seven insect species belonging to 14 families under 5 orders were observed visiting the flowers of broccoli. In variety BFT-1, A. dorsata was the most abundant visitor (2.90) followed by A. mellifera (2.30), A. cerana (1.20), A. florea (0.80) and syrphid fly were least frequent visitor (0.20), in variety GH-1 A. mellifera was the most abundant visitor (7.34) followed by A. florea (6.67), A. dorsata (2.15), syrphid fly (1.84) and A. cerana (1.22) and in varieties LPH-1 and DPH-1, A. mellifera was the most abundant visitor (5.96 and 7.00) followed by A. florea (4.46 and 5.50), syrphid fly (2.97 and 3.30), A. dorsata (2.62 and 2.41 ) and A. cerana (1.66 and 2.40). The mean foraging speed, in varieties BFT-1, GH-1, LPH-1 and DPH-1 was maximum in case of A. florea (28.29, 38.54, 37.44 and 36.72, respectively) followed by A. dorsata (5.19, 5.24, 5.24 and 5.20, respectively), A. mellifera (4.54, 4.54, 4.52 and 4.50, respectively ), A. cerana (3.56, 3.51, 3.58 and 3.59, respectively) and syrphid fly (1.90, 2.65, 2.67 and 2.60, respectively). The mean foraging rate in varieties BFT-1, GH-1, LPH-1 and DPH-1 was maximum in case of syrphid fly (14.18, 17.61, 17.42 and 17.33, respectively) followed by A. cerana (10.26, 10.29, 10.27 and 10.32, respectively), A. mellifera (9.27, 10.04, 10.00 and 10.31, respectively), A. dorsata (7.84, 7.88, 7.77 and 7.80, respectively) and A. florea (1.42, 1.71, 1.71 and 1.72, respectively). The average number of broccoli siliqua/plant, siliqua length, number of seeds/siliqua, seed vigour-I, seed vigour-II, test weight and germination per cent under open-pollination were significantly higher than without insect pollination. Number of siliqua/plant, number of seeds/10 siliqua, siliqua length (cm), test weight (g), germination (%) and seed vigour-I, seed vigour-II of uncaged and caged broccoli plants were 3,362.0 and 672.6, 118.75 and 25.85, 6.79 and 3.54, 2.888 and 2.092, 87.50 and 30.25, 1,471.65 and 418.40 and 0.662 and 0.112, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Incomplete block designs for diallel and partial diallel crosses- A critical review
    (CCSHAU, 2016) Bishnoi, Rekha; Aneja, D.R.
    The objective of present investigation is to give an exhaustive review of work done on incomplete block designs for diallel and partial diallel crosses. Confounded diallel crosses for Methods I and III of Griffing (1956) given by Agarwal (1974, 75) are useful when the experimenter is interested in the estimation of all components i.e. g.c.a, s.c.a, maternal and maternal interaction effects of diallel crosses. The loss of information of different effects and interactions has also been given. N-ary designs using triangular PBIB designs given by Divecha and Ghosh (1994) for estimation of g.c.a, s.c.a, reciprocal effects for all four complete diallel crosses can be used. Efficiency of these designs is a matter of investigation. Optimal complete diallel crosses using Nested (Gupta and Kageyama, 1994) & PBIB designs (Dey and Midha, 1996) and efficient designs for complete diallel crosses through Latin square designs (Sharma et al., 2011) & balanced lattice designs (Sharma, 2005) have been also described in the present manuscript. These designs are efficient/optimal for g.c.a effects only. Catalogue of all such designs for number of inbred lines upto 20 have been also given which will be useful for the experimenter in the selection of appropriate blocked diallel cross design as per his requirement. Optimal complete diallel crosses designs given by Chai and Mukherjee (1999) are optimal for both g.c.a as well as s.c.a comparisons. Method of constructing Incomplete Block Designs for Partial Diallel Crosses using n-ary designs given by Agarwal & Das (1990) and Divecha & Ghosh (1997) have been illustrated through examples also. In these methods, two designs have to be considered; one for construction and another for evaluation of Partial Diallel Crosses. When the list of all such BIB and PBIB designs is not available, Mating Environment designs using circular designs (Sharma, 1998) are useful because these are available for any combination of number of treatments and block sizes. Catalogues of such designs have been provided in in tabular form. Construction method of optimal partial diallel crosses by Mukerjee (1997) & Das et al. (1998) available in literature have been also described.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Standardization of cultivation technology of blue oyster mushroom (Hypsizygus ulmarius) in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2016) Sharma, Pankaj Kumar; Fateh Singh
    Hypsizygus ulmarius (Bull.ex.Fr.) Redhead has been studied to optimize physiological conditions, suitable substrate, supplement and its cultivation to harvest maximum yield. Two cultivation trials were carried out during October - December, 2015 and February – April, 2016 under natural conditions of Haryana. Gram flour (5 %) supplemented wheat straw was treated with hot water (60 0C) and chemicals viz., Bavistin ; 50 ppm, Formalin ; 500 ppm and Bavistin;50 ppm + Formalin;500 ppm. Maximum yield (661 g), least spawn run period (21.9 days), pinhead appearance (23.7 days) and mould incidence (11.7 %) was observed when wheat straw substrate treated with hot water (60 0C for 30 minutes). Physiological study of H. ulmarius was conducted to optimize temperature and pH using PDA medium to obtain maximum growth. Radial growth and biomass were maximum at 25 ±1 0C and pH 7.0.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bioecology of castor capsule borer, conogethes punctiferalis guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
    (CCSHAU, 2016) Shivakumar K.; Gaur, Ram Karan
    Field and laboratory studies on Bioecology of castor capsule borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) were carried out at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional research station, Bawal during 2015-16. Studies on biology of C. punctiferalis showed that eggs of this species were pale white, round, oval shaped and found singly or in groups of 4 to 7. The incubation period varied from 4 to 5 days. There were five larval instars and the total larval duration varied from 15 to 20 days. The pupa was dark brown in colour, obtect and pupal period varied from 9 to 11 days. Female moth having tuft of anal hairs but it is absent in case of male moth. Male moths of C. punctiferalis were smaller (mean 21.90��0.70 mm in wing expense) than female (mean 23.40��1.24 mm in wing expense). Adult male lived for 5 to 6 days whereas female for 6 to 7 days. The total life span of male ranged from 34 to 73 days, while that of female from 35 to 76 days in different generations. There was a ifference in sex ratio, being in favour of female both in laboratory and field condition. The pest completed five generations in a year. The presence of brown frass and fecal pellets around the entrance hole was the symptom of infestation of this pest. The observations on pest infestation showed that infestation fluctuated from 2.0 to 14.2 per cent. The peak level of infestation (14.2 per cent) was recorded during November 16-30, 2015. The pest infestation showed negative correlation with maximum temperature (-0.394), minimum temperature (-0.346) and rainfall (-0.121) whereas positive correlation with morning (0.479) and evening (0.206) relative humidity. This pest caused 10.5 per cent seed infestation in castor, 2 to 5 percent damage on guava fruit whereas no infestation was found on ber, aonla and mulberry. The castor capsule borer caused the economic loss an approximately Rs. 7560 per hectare in castor crop.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Molecular analyses of recombinant inbred lines of wheat cross aldan x WH542 for resistance to Karnal bunt (Neovossia indica)
    (CCSHAU, 2010) Gupta, Mamta; Chawla, Veena
    Present studies were conducted on two genotypes, Aldan (resistant) and WH542 (susceptible), and their 94 recombinant inbred lines. Investigations were carried out to screen the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) for Karnal bunt resistance and to characterize above lines using molecular markers. There was significant variation among all the recombinant inbred lines for coefficient of infection of Karnal bunt. The range of coefficient of infection (CI) on the RILs was 0-41.70. The chi-square analysis indicated that a single dominant gene was responsible for Karnal bunt resistance. Thirty five inter simple sequence repeat primers were used for amplification of DNA from the two parents. DNA amplification was observed with only 25 markers. ISSR markers based finger print database were generated using these 25 primers. Out of 25, six primers showed 100% polymorphism. A total of 193 alleles were detected at 25 ISSR loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4-14 with an average of 7.72 alleles per locus. The two parents were genetically divers (similarity coefficient 0.419). The cluster analysis led to distribution into two groups: group 1 had resistant parent Aldan and group 2 had susceptible parent WH542, resistant bulk and susceptible bulk. Among all the primers used one primer (IS-43) was identified to be associated with Karnal bunt resistance. This showed an amplification profile (650 bp product) characteristic of resistant parent, in corresponding bulk and in individual genotyping of the recombinant inbred lines. This might have an application in marker assisted selection after converting it to SCAR marker.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of pulsed electric Field on extraction and quality of carrot juice
    (CCSHAU, 2010) Moza, Jessy; Saleem Siddiqui
    The present investigation was done to study the effect of pulsed electric field (9000V-50 Hz) on the yield and quality of carrot juice. The PEF treatment was given either to the carrot pieces or pomace or both and the effect was evaluated on the total soluble solids, total & reducing sugars, acidity, colour (hunter lab), antioxidant activity, total carotenoids, organoleptic quality & total plate count of the treated carrot juice. The juice after packed in glass bottles and after double pasteurization stored under refrigerated conditions. The juice yield increased by 10.8 % over control when pulsed electric field was given to the carrot pieces. An increase in the total soluble solids, total and the reducing sugars & total carotenoids of the juice was observed for pieces treated with pulsed electric field & their better retention was also obtained during the storage. An increased antioxidant activity was detected for juice obtained from PEF treated pieces & pomace, which was maintained throughout the storage period. Acidity of juice remained unaffected with different treatments, however, it increased during storage. The total plate count revealed no significant effect of different treatments on microbial load of juices. No adverse effect of pulsed electric field was observed on the organoleptic quality of the juice. The juice remained acceptable for a time period of 60 days at refrigerated condition.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Feeding potential of Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank (Acari: Acaridae) and its management
    (CCSHAU, 2010) Anita; Gulati, Rachna
    The studies on mean population of T. putrescentiae, percent weight loss and damage caused to grains qualitatively revealed that none of the grains was completely immune to pest infestation, however their susceptibility varied significantly (p=0.05).Susceptibility of grains/ flakes increased significantly with increase in initial infestation level and duration of infestation. Among the four foods, oat flakes was found significantly more susceptible (CD = 7.87; p = 0.05) as more number of mites (240.73 mites/5g grain) was recorded than on green gram flakes (207.26 mites/5g grain) and whole grains of oats (186 mites/5g grain). Least number of mites (173.26 mites/5g grain) was recorded from whole grains of green gram. The weight loss in oat flakes was 148.49mg/ 5g followed by loss in green gram flakes (121.40 mg/ 5g), oat grains (99.65mg/ 5g) and green gram grains (92.02 mg/ 5g) at pre count of 60 mites. Highly significant positive correlation (r= 0.93 to 0.99) was recorded at 15, 30 and 45 days between T. putrescentiae population and weight loss in oat grains. Qualitative estimation of oat flakes revealed the losses in protein contents (0.4 to 1.22%), total soluble sugars (0.5 to 1.35%), starch (0.24 to 1.38%) and non reducing sugars (3.49 to 9.97%) after 45 days of infestation. However, the reducing sugars exhibited a marked increase from 1.9 g/100 g (control) to 2.72 g/100 g flakes at 45 days of mite exposure when subjected to initial count of 20 mites/ 5g flakes. Aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum leaves and Glycyrrhiza glabra stems showed concentration dependent activity against T. putrescentiae in oat flakes. Among the extracts, G. glabra was effective as it provided 71.53 to 94.75 percent relative protection against T. putrescentiae whereas, O. sanctum extract caused 66 to 92 percent reductions in number at different durations.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of pinoxaden in combination with 2, 4-D against complex weed flora in barley
    (CCSHAU, 2010) Sunil Kumar; Bhattoo, M.S.
    A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2008-09 at Cotton Research Station, Sirsa of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to evaluate the efficacy of pinoxaden as tank mixture or sequential application with broad leaf herbicide 2, 4-D for controlling the complex weed flora in barley. All the weed control treatments effectively controlled the weeds and gave significantly higher grain yield than the weedy check. Post-emergence application of pinoxaden at 40, 45 and 50 g ha-1 alone provided excellent control of P.minor Retz. and A. ludoviciana Dur., whereas 2, 4-D at 500 g ha-1 proved very effective against all broadleaf weeds. Application of pinoxaden 40, 45 and 50 g ha-1 and 2, 4-D either as tank mixture or their application in sequence before or after one week interval effectively controlled the complex weed flora without any phytotoxic effect on crop and produced grain yield of barley equal to weed free treatment. No antagonism between pinoxaden and 2, 4-D was observed as shown by percent control of grassy weeds.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) utilizing rhizobia and Pseudomonas on nodulation and plant growth of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.)
    (CCSHAU, 2010) Khandelwal, Aakanksha; Sindhu, S. S.
    Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) is an important commercially utilizable crop in arid zone of India. The nodulation status of this crop is poor under field conditions and therefore, its productivity is low. Recently, ACC deaminase containing rhizobia have been found to improve nodulation and plant growth of pea and alfalfa by lowering the level of ethylene, which acts as inhibitor of nodulation. Therefore, 95 isolates of Bradyrhizobium/Rhizobium and 55 isolates of Pseudomonas were obtained from the nodules and rhizosphere of clusterbean and screened for utilization of ACC on Dwarkin and Foster’s minimal medium. ACC utilization studies showed that 78% cultures of Bradyrhizobium/Rhizobium and 64% of Pseudomonas cultures had the ability to grow on ACC supplemented plates. Six Bradyrhizobium/Rhizobium isolates GRA11, GRA114, GRA115 and GRA6 caused significant root and shoot elongation of clusterbean at 5 and 10 days of growth on water agar plates. Most of the Pseudomonas isolates showed retardation effect on root growth but isolate CPA123 showed root and shoot elongation at 10 days of growth. Bradyrhizobium isolate GRA11 and two Rhizobium isolates GRA6 and GRA110 formed 35 to 47 nodules per plant and 136 – 255% increase in plant dry weight was observed at 45 days of growth in sterilized chillum jar assembly conditions. Coinoculation of ACC utilizing Bradyrhizobium isolate GRA11 with Pseudomonas isolate CPA123 (ACC +) formed 48 nodules per plant and caused 293% increase in plant dry weight whereas coinoculation of CPA123 (ACC +) isolate with Rhizobium culture GRA6 formed 40 nodules per plant and 274% increase in plant dry weight was observed at 60 days of growth. These three cultures having the ability to increase nodulation and plant growth under pot house conditions could be further used for inoculation of clusterbean under field conditions.