Thumbnail Image

M. Sc. Dissertations

Browse

20056
Reset filters
End date: 2005 × Start date: 2005 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Response of wheat to zinc application under high SAR and saline conditions
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Gaur, Mayank; Mor, R.P.
    Four screen house experiments were conducted to study the relative tolerance of wheat varieties to salinity and SAR and interactive effect of zinc with salinity and zinc with SAR on wheat crop. In first experiment, the treatments consisted of two wheat varieties (WH-755 and SNH-17) and four salinity levels (0, 6, 9 and 12 dSm-1) having chlorides and sulphates salts. In second experiment effect of different SAR levels 10, 20, 30 and 40 (mmol/L)½ on wheat included two wheat varieties (WH-755 and SNH-17). The third experiment interactive effect of different Zn levels (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg kg-1) soil at fixed ECe (9 dSm-1) was investigated on the yield and nutrient uptake of two wheat varieties. The fourth experiment on performance of wheat varieties (WH-755 and SNH-17) to different zinc application levels (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg kg-1) under SAR 40 (mmol/L)½ condition. Each experiment was replicated thrice in a factorial completely randomized design. In all the experiments the desired salinity and SAR levels were created using chloride and sulphate salts of Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. With the increasing salinity from 0 to 12 dSm-1 there was a decrease in biomass, grain and straw yield of both the wheat varieties (WH-755 and SNH-17). However, the magnitude of decrease in wheat yield depended upon level of salinity and wheat cultivar. There was a decrease of 19.3, 22.4 and 32.8 percent in grain yield of wheat at 6, 9 and 12 dSm-1 salinity levels, respectively. The reduction in grain yield of wheat was more in case of WH-755 as compared to variety SNH-17. The wheat variety SNH-17 found to be relatively more tolerant to salinity as compared to WH-755. The overall straw yield of both the varieties were statistically at par with each other and decreased by 28.33, 37.54 and 43.70 percent at 6, 9 and 12 dSm-1 with increasing salinity, respectively as compared to non-saline. The grain and straw yield of both the varieties reduced with the increasing SAR levels. The overall reduction in grain and straw yield were 26% and 19%, respectively, at SAR 40 in comparison to SAR 10. The increasing levels of Zn from 0 to 20 mg Zn kg-1 soil increased the grain and straw yield of wheat by 27.5% and 42%, respectively at ECe 9 dSm-1. Application of zinc under high SAR 40 (m mol/L)½ increased the grain yield by 42% when Zn levels increased from 0 to 20 mg Zn kg-1 soil. The overall concentration of zinc increased by 24.78, 55.69 and 60.66 percent at 5, 10 and 20 mg Zn kg-1 soil in a saline soil (ECe 9 dSm-1) and at a fixed SAR [40 (m mol/L)½]. The overall increase in Zn concentration and uptake were 22.88 and 32.37, 9.45 and 71.18 and 62.83 and 74.96 percent at 5, 10 and 20 mg kg-1 soil, respectively. The uptake of N, P, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu except K by wheat straw decreased with increasing zinc application levels from 0 to 20 mg kg-1 soil, under both the saline (ECe 9dSm-1) and high SAR [40(m mol/L)½] soil conditions. Increasing levels of Zn had appreciable ameliorative role in saline and sodic conditions.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of different row ratios of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and mustard (Brassica juncea L.) on productivity and economics in intercropping system under dry land conditions
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Vinay Kant; Malik, Amar Chand
    A field experiment entitled “Effect of different row ratios of chickpea (C. arietinum L.) and mustard (B. juncea L. Czern and Coss) on productivity and economics in inter cropping system under dry land conditions”, was conducted during rabi season (2003-04) on a sand loam soil, low inorganic carbon and available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and rich in available potassium at Research Farm of Dry Land Agriculture, CCS HAU. The experiment consisted of 9 treatment combinations and was laid out in Random Block Design (RBD). Treatments were sole chickpea, sole mustard and chickpea + mustard in different combination 1:1, 3:1, 5:1, 7:1, 2:2, 4:2 and 6:2. Plant population did not show any significant difference among treatments. The height of plants in chickpea in ratios 7:1 and 5:1 were at par with sole crop. Mustard showed maximum height in intercropping treatments. Dry matter were maximum in sole treatments (both in chickpea and mustard) 7:1 ratio gave maximum dry matter per plant and 1:1 ratio gave minimum higher in 7:1 ratio for chickpea and in mustard higher LAI was recorded in 1:1 ratio after sole cropping. Numbers of pods / siliquae per plant were observed higher in intercropping treatment (7:1) ratio both in mustard and chickpea. Intercropping treatment produce higher seed weight than other sole treatments. In chickpea 5:1, 7:1 and 6:2 showed maximum HI after sole treatment. Mustard did not show significant different in HI among row ratios where are sole mustard of showed maximum HI. The row ratio 7:1 showed maximum chickpea equivalent yield, gross return, net return and benefit : cost ratio, compared to all other treatments.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Promoting environmental education among rural children
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Kavita Devi; C.K. Singh
    The study was conducted in Haryana State, in rural area of Hisar District, list of blocks was prepared and from this list one block was taken randomly. from the selected block two villages i.e. Bhojraj and Dahima were taken purposely. One school from each village was taken randomly. A sample of 60 children of primary and middle grade from each school was taken. Thus a total sample of 120 children was the final sample for the present study. To find out the existing level of awareness of the respondents regarding environmental pollution questionnaire-cum-interview schedule was prepared which was duly pretested on 20 respondents. On the basis of responses obtained, the interview schedule was finalized. Data were collected on the structured interview schedule personally by investigator, thus collected data tabulated and suitably analyzed. It was found that most of the respondent were female and youngest in their families and belonging to the lower caste with five to six members in their families and their parents had labour as their main occupation and low socio-economic status. Most of the families were having inadequate house and public facilities. The knowledge of the parents of the respondents regarding environment at pollution was less and they had low mass media exposure. Most of the respondents had low level of knowledge about environmental pollution. They were less aware about air, soil, flora and fauna and noise pollution but their awareness was better in case of water pollution. It was found that scholastic achievements, family type, family size, parental education, parental occupation, parental religious belief and parental knowledge associated significantly with the environmental awareness of the respondents.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains/mutants with improved phosphate solubilization and their effect on mustard crop
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Manu Dev; Kundu, B.S.
    Sixty eight isolates of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) from rhizosphere of mustard grown in different region of Haryana showed a large variation in P-solubilization on solid as well as in liquid media. Most of isolates fell in <50% class of P-solubilization while in liquid media in 50-100μg/ml. No correlation was recorded between P-solubilization on solid media and liquid media. The selected isolates 15M, 22M and 25M showed P-solubilization 273.0 μg/ml, 301.0 g/ml, and 276.0 g/ml in liquid PVK, while in NBRIP 288.0 g/ml, 314.0 g/ml and 286.0 g/ml, and were used for subsequent studies. These isolates were identified as Pseudomonas sp. based on morphological and biochemical characteristic. The selected isolates were mutagenesied with NTG (50g/ml) for high P-solubilization. One hundered forty four mutants were selected based on killing rate between 70-80%. These mutants were checked for P- solubilization in solid and liquid PVK and NBRIP medium. The PSE of 15M mutants on solid medium varied from18.2-98.6% on PVK and from 14.1-96.2% on NBRIP media. While PSE of 22M mutants varied from 12.4-98.1% on PVK and from 18.4-100.2% on NBRIP media. The PSE mutant 25M varied from 12.1-77.1% on PVK and 10.2-85.4% on NBRIP solid media. The pH of 15M mutants varied from 3.6-6.0 in PVK in NBRIP it varied from 3.4-5.8, while pH of 22M mutant in PVK varied from 2.9-5.8 in PVK, in NBRIP it ranged from 2.1-5.6. The pH of 25M mutants varied from 2.5-5.9 in PVK and 2.3-5.8 in NBRIP. The 15M mutants showed P-solubilization between 177.1-324.1 g/ml in liquid PVK, while 176.4-336.4 g/ml in liquid NBRIP. 22M mutants showed P-solubilization between 182.2-362.2 g/ml in liquid PVK from 201.3-380.1g/ml in NBRIP. 25M showed P-solubilization between 167.4-351.9 g/ml in liquid PVK, while 175.8-364.5 g/ml in NBRIP. Strains (15M, 22M and 25M) and mutants (15M2, 15M6, 22M28, 22M29, 25M11, 25M30) were selected on basis of P-solubilization for pot culture experiment on mustard cv. RH-30. Total bacterial count in rhizosphere increased with URP at 30 and 45 DAS, while decrease was observed at 60 DAS. The number of these bacteria improved with seed inoculation and was more with URP. The number varied from 10-78, 27-91, and 13-37 at 30, 45, and 60 DAS respectively. The maximum number was observed with 15M6 with URP (50x105 cfu/g) followed by 22M28 with URP (78x105 cfu/g) at 30 DAS. At 45 DAS the maximum number was observed with 22M28 with URP (91 x 105 cfu/g) followed by 15MP with URP (85 x 105 cfu/g) and at 60 DASnumber was observed with 22M28 with URP (37 x 105 cfu/g) followed by 22M29 with URP (27 x 105 cfu/g). The PSB count in the rhizosphere varied from 1-24, 2-20 and 1-11 at 30, 45 and 60 DAS, respectively. The maximum number was observed with 22M28 (24 x 103 cfu/g) followed by 15M6 (19 x 103 cfu/g) at 30 DAS. At 45 DAS the maximum number was observed with 22M29 (20 x 103 cfu/g) followed by 22M29 with URP (19 x 103 cfu/g). The mustard biomass was more with SSP and with URP compared to the control at 30, 45 and 60 DAS. There was increase at 30 and 45 DAS but a 60 DAS with SSP marginal increase was observed. Almost all the mutants with URP showed increase in biomass except 25M30. The maximum biomass was observed with 22M28 (0.682 g/plant) followed by 22M29 (0.456 g/plant) at 30 DAS while at 45 DAS in case of 22M28 with URP (2.114 g/plant) followed by 22M29 (1.651 g/plant). At 60 DAS the maximum plant dry biomass was observed in 22M29 (3.161 g/plant) followed by 22M28 (2.927 g/plant). Phosphate uptake was increased upto 21 and 11% with application of SSP and URP at 30 DAS respectively but at 45 DAS increase was 12% with SSP and 4% with URP. But at 60 DAS there was 53% increase with SSP and 50% with URP. The maximum P-uptake was observed with 22M28 with URP (529%) followed by 22M29 is (429%). However, at 60 DAS the maximum P-uptake was by 22M29 (31%) followed by 22M28 with URP that was 308% it shows that mutants had significant effect on increase in plant dry biomass and P-uptake under pot house conditions.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DNA fingerprinting of self-Compatible and self-Incompatible genotypes of sunflower (Helianthus Annuuns L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Mehta, Deepa; Boora, K.S.
    Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) ranks second among oilseed crops in the world after soybean. Sunflower is protrandrous. Seed set in sunflower is a complex phenomenon and one of the mean to overcome this problem is by identifying self fertile and open pollinating lines. The present study was undertaken to identify molecular marker closely linked to self compatible and self incompatible gene(s) in sunflower using RAPD analysis. A total of 26 genotypes (13 self compatible + 13 self incompatible) of sunflowers were used. Protocols were optimized for DNA extraction and PCR amplification of self compatible and self incompatible genotypes of sunflower using RAPD markers. DNA was isolated using CTAB method with some modifications and among different genotypes, CMS 338 (C)A gave highest quantity (1034.5 μg/ml) of DNA whereas genotypes Acc-1445-6 gave lowest amount (317.5 μg/ml) DNA. Quality of DNA was tested by agorase gel electrophoresis and UV spectrophotometer. A single discrete band of high molecular weight showed that DNA was pure and free from contaminants. Optimum PCR amplification was observed on all DNA samples when reaction mixture contained genomic DNA (100 ng), MgCl2 (1.5 mM), Taq DNA polymerase (3 units), dNTPs (200 M), 10X Taq DNA polymerase buffer (1 μl), primer (10 μM) and annealing temperature of 400C. A total of fifty four random primers were screened and thirty eight primers produced polymorphism. These thirty eight primers were screened with self compatible and self incompatible bulks. Primer OPA-9 and OPE-2 produced a unique DNA band in self incompatible and self compatible bulks, respectively. Marker OPA-9 produced unique band in all the self incompatible genotypes except genotypes IHT-298 and HB-342. This marker is 7.6 cM away from the genes for self incompatible. Similarly, marker OPE-2 produced unique band in all the self compatible genotypes except IB-43, Acc-1351-3, HB-105. This marker is about 11.53 cM away from the genes for self compatibility. Marker OPA-9 produced a unique band in twelve self compatible genotypes. Marker OPE-2 produced unique band in eleven self incompatible genotypes. These markers may be proved useful in marker assisted selection for self compatible and self incompatible traits, respectively.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Cytological and morphological studies in guava germplasm
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Atul Kumar Singh; Bhatia, S.K.
    The present experiment was undertaken to study the cytological and morphological characters of seven genotypes of Psidium guajava L. and two species viz., P. cattleianum Sabine and P. chinensis L. Cytological studies were done for chromosome count and their pairing behaviour during meiosis. Seedless cultivar was triploid (3n= 33), while all other genotypes of P. guajava were diploid having 11 pairs of chromosome (2n= 22). Meiotic study of PMCs in P. chinensis revealed 11 pairs of chromosomes, whereas, in P. cattleianum, 44 pairs were seen showing multivalents formation at Metaphase-I. Most of the genotypes had upright growth and broad crown, L-49 showed spreading nature with flat crown. Strawberry guava was dwarf and drooping in nature, Chinese guava was also dwarf but with upright growth. Phyllotaxy was opposite and 7 out of 9 genotypes had superposed arrangement of leaves while rest two viz., Apple Colour and Chinese guava had decussate arrangement. The leaf shape varied from ovate to elliptical to lanceolate and variation in leaf colour was from pale green to dark green. Genotype L-49 had maximum leaf area and Chinese guava had minimum. The inflorescence was cymose and two to three flowers per cyme were borne in the leaf axil of current season growth. There were 5 sepals per flower in all the genotypes except Seedless (4 sepals per flower). The number of petals varied considerably among genotypes. The peak anthesis time was 6.00 to 7.00 a.m. and pollen dehiscence time was 6.30 to 7.30 a.m. in all genotypes except three. The study showed considerable variation for fruit shape, weight and surface texture. Seed content was maximum in Strawberry guava (10.32%) followed by Chinese guava (6.08%) and Banarsi Surkha (2.88%). Total soluble solids were highest in Hisar Surkha (11.7%), while Acidity was maximum in Strawberry guava. The results indicate that the study of cytological and morphological characters of guava genotypes would help in better identification of genotypes and their further use in breeding programmes.