Cytological and morphological studies in guava germplasm
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Date
2005
Authors
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Publisher
CCSHAU
Abstract
The present experiment was undertaken to study the
cytological and morphological characters of seven genotypes of
Psidium guajava L. and two species viz., P. cattleianum Sabine
and P. chinensis L. Cytological studies were done for
chromosome count and their pairing behaviour during meiosis.
Seedless cultivar was triploid (3n= 33), while all other genotypes
of P. guajava were diploid having 11 pairs of chromosome (2n=
22). Meiotic study of PMCs in P. chinensis revealed 11 pairs of
chromosomes, whereas, in P. cattleianum, 44 pairs were seen
showing multivalents formation at Metaphase-I.
Most of the genotypes had upright growth and broad
crown, L-49 showed spreading nature with flat crown.
Strawberry guava was dwarf and drooping in nature, Chinese
guava was also dwarf but with upright growth. Phyllotaxy was
opposite and 7 out of 9 genotypes had superposed arrangement
of leaves while rest two viz., Apple Colour and Chinese guava
had decussate arrangement. The leaf shape varied from ovate
to elliptical to lanceolate and variation in leaf colour was from
pale green to dark green. Genotype L-49 had maximum leaf
area and Chinese guava had minimum.
The inflorescence was cymose and two to three flowers per
cyme were borne in the leaf axil of current season growth.
There were 5 sepals per flower in all the genotypes except
Seedless (4 sepals per flower). The number of petals varied
considerably among genotypes. The peak anthesis time was
6.00 to 7.00 a.m. and pollen dehiscence time was 6.30 to 7.30
a.m. in all genotypes except three.
The study showed considerable variation for fruit shape,
weight and surface texture. Seed content was maximum in
Strawberry guava (10.32%) followed by Chinese guava (6.08%)
and Banarsi Surkha (2.88%). Total soluble solids were highest
in Hisar Surkha (11.7%), while Acidity was maximum in
Strawberry guava. The results indicate that the study of
cytological and morphological characters of guava genotypes
would help in better identification of genotypes and their
further use in breeding programmes.
Description
Keywords
Guavas, Fruits, Developmental stages, Genotypes, Chromosomes, Apples, Planting, Biological development, Acidity, Plant habit