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M. Sc. Dissertations

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2008 - 200922010 - 20163
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Author: Sunita × End date: 2016 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development and quality evaluation of crush and syrup from jamun (Syzygium cumini L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Sunita; Gehlot, Rakesh
    The present investigation entitled “Development and quality evaluation of crush and syrup from jamun (Syzygium cumini L.)” was carried out with the objectives to standardize processing technology for crush and syrup and also to evaluate quality of the products during storage. Fresh jamun fruits were analyzed for different physico-chemical parameters. Data show that jamun fruit had an average fruit weight (6.03 g), pulp weight (4.13 g/fruit) and stone weight (1.84 g/fruit), respectively. Chemical constituents of jamun fruits such as total soluble solids, total sugars and reducing sugars were found to be 9.73%, 5.74% and 4.66%, whereas acidity, pectin, anthocyanin and total phenols were analyzed to be (1.26%), (1.13%), (149 mg/100 g) and (277 mg/100 g), respectively. Bibliography Chemical constituents of jamun crush and syrup were analyzed just after processing at monthly interval during three months storage period. Jamun crush with 35 per cent pulp, 55 per cent TSS and 1.0 per cent acidity was highly acceptable (7.60) followed by crush with 35 per cent pulp, 55 per cent TSS and 1.2 per cent acidity (7.57). Jamun syrup with 45 per cent pulp, 68 per cent TSS and 1.0 per cent acidity was highly acceptable (7.77) followed by crush with 45 per cent pulp, 68 per cent TSS and 1.2 per cent acidity (7.71). Acceptability of jamun crush and syrup decreased significantly with increase in storage period, however, organoleptic scores of both the beverages remained above the acceptable level even after three months of storage. Total soluble solids, total and reducing sugars increased significantly, whereas acidity, anthocyanin and total phenols of jamun crush and syrup decreased significantly during three months storage period. In crush cost of production was maximum (Rs. 26.54/l) in recipe with 35 per cent, 55 per cent TSS and 1.2 per cent acidity and minimum (Rs. 23.21/l) in recipe with 25 per cent pulp, 55 per cent TSS and 1.0 per cent acidity. In syrup, cost of production was maximum (Rs. 35.07/l) in recipe with 45 per cent pulp 68 per cent TSS and 1.2 per cent acidity and minimum (Rs. 29.34/l) in recipe with 25 per cent pulp, 68 per cent TSS and 1.0 per cent acidity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Human ecological systems and mental health of adolescents
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Sunita; Chhikara, Sudha
    Mental health is the capacity to work, capacity to love and the capacity to play for recreation (World Health Organization, 1993). Mental health is how people think, feel and act as they face life’s situations. It affects how young people handle stress, relates to other people and make decisions. Eaton and Peterson (1967) described a mentally healthy adult as “a person who is free of psychiatric disease, has a general feeling of well being, function at or near his full biological capacity, is competent in dealing with his environment, and has good ego strength. The present investigation was conducted to assess the mental health of adolescents. A comparative analysis was done to know the differences between rural and urban, male and female adolescents of 12-18 years age group. Haryana state was selected purposively while Sirsa district was selected purposively. From Sirsa district Dabwali block was selected randomly, city area of this block was purposively taken for urban sample while village Goriwala was randomly selected. A sample of 200 adolescents, 100 from rural and 100 from urban schools, was taken. Independent variables considered were Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem and Chronosystem. Mental health of adolescents was taken as dependent variables. In the process of assessment of mental health, Mental Health Battery (2000) by Arun Kumar Singh and Alpana Sen Gupta was used. A questionnaire was developed pretested and used to gather data for human ecological factors of respondents. The findings portrayed that most of the respondents of 15-18 years of age group were from rural and urban areas. Majority of the respondents belonged to nuclear and medium sized families. Parents of most of the respondent were educated upto primary or middle class. The neighbourhood status of most of the respondents was middle class and their families were having good relationships with their neighbours. Most of the parents adopted authoritative disciplining technique for their children. The variable of human ecological environment exerted a powerful influence on the mental health of the adolescents. Human ecological variables such as education of father, discipline by parents, family income, caste, general health status, surrounding and location, relationship with grandparents, visiting to or visiting by family friends and relatives, occupation of mother, relationship with neighbourhood, interaction with neighbourhood, membership of club or organization were found to be significantly associated with mental health components while other factors were not significantly associated with mental health of young adolescents, but as the human ecological system work as interconnected networks, so all the factors can be said to be directly and indirectly associated with all the components of mental health of adolescents. Differences was found to be significant between rural and urban males adolescents (12-15 years) for emotional stability, overall adjustment and autonomy which are the components of mental health, whereas non-significant differences were observed between rural and urban females (12-15 years) for these component of mental health. Further significant differences were found between rural and urban males adolescents (15-18 years) for emotional stability and overall adjustment. Significant differences were found between rural and urban female adolescents (15-18 years) for emotional stability, self-concept and intelligence. Few strategies are suggested to cope with mental health problems viz. population based intervention programme, training to the parents, school programmes, establishment of adolescent guidance centre, yoga and spiritual programme, organization of teens and adolescents discussion.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Diversification of cropping pattern and production in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2016) Sunita; Mehta, V.P.
    Crop diversification is a strategy to maximize the use of land, water and other resources and for the overall agricultural development in the state. The present study has made an attempt to have cropping pattern, production pattern, extent of crop diversification and effect of different factors on crop diversification of different crop groups in the state with these objectives, (1) to measure the extent of crop diversification in Haryana, (2) to study crop diversification and production pattern in (3) to examine the factors effecting crop diversification. The present study is based on secondary data collected from various issues of Statistical Abstracts of Haryana and other published and unpublished sources. Compound and linear growth rates for area, production and productivity were computed. In overall period(1993-2013) area, production and productivity of foodgrains increased at a compound annual growth rate of 0.56, 2.56 and 1.93 per cent per annum while for pulses all these values were in negative. The growth rates of area for all crops except rice, wheat, barley and ultimately total cereals were in negative. The cropping pattern has skewed towards rice-wheat cultivation. From the results derived from different measures of crop diversification it was noticed that value of crop diversification index was higher in the initial years of study period among all crop groups except pulses. The decline in the growth of area for bajra and sugarcane is due to shift of area towards paddy while decrease in area of gram is due to shift of area towards wheat. Multiple regression was carried out by using composite entropy index to know the effect of different factors on crop diversification. The results has suggested that creation of basic infrastructural facilities like sustained supply of irrigation water, markets, fertilizer availability, etc. is an essential pre-requisite for creating enabling conditions for crop diversification. For achieving diversification targets, technology backup, good governance, policy development and strong extension system are required. Diversification would require fundamental changes in incentives, institutions and investments, however these changes should not be at the cost of farmers’ income.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Diversification of cropping pattern and production in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2016) Sunita; Mehta, V.P.
    Crop diversification is a strategy to maximize the use of land, water and other resources and for the overall agricultural development in the state. The present study has made an attempt to have cropping pattern, production pattern, extent of crop diversification and effect of different factors on crop diversification of different crop groups in the state with these objectives, (1) to measure the extent of crop diversification in Haryana, (2) to study crop diversification and production pattern in (3) to examine the factors effecting crop diversification. The present study is based on secondary data collected from various issues of Statistical Abstracts of Haryana and other published and unpublished sources. Compound and linear growth rates for area, production and productivity were computed. In overall period(1993-2013) area, production and productivity of foodgrains increased at a compound annual growth rate of 0.56, 2.56 and 1.93 per cent per annum while for pulses all these values were in negative. The growth rates of area for all crops except rice, wheat, barley and ultimately total cereals were in negative. The cropping pattern has skewed towards rice-wheat cultivation. From the results derived from different measures of crop diversification it was noticed that value of crop diversification index was higher in the initial years of study period among all crop groups except pulses. The decline in the growth of area for bajra and sugarcane is due to shift of area towards paddy while decrease in area of gram is due to shift of area towards wheat. Multiple regression was carried out by using composite entropy index to know the effect of different factors on crop diversification. The results has suggested that creation of basic infrastructural facilities like sustained supply of irrigation water, markets, fertilizer availability, etc. is an essential pre-requisite for creating enabling conditions for crop diversification. For achieving diversification targets, technology backup, good governance, policy development and strong extension system are required. Diversification would require fundamental changes in incentives, institutions and investments, however these changes should not be at the cost of farmers’ income.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Self-esteem and depression among adolescents
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Sunita; Punia, Shakuntala
    The study was conducted to find out the relationship of self-esteem and depression on 290 students, studying in 9th and 10th standard, age ranging from 15-16 years, from rural and urban area of Hisar district, from Haryana state. Beck Depression Inventory, Inventory of Parent-Peer Attachment (IPPA), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used for collecting data on depression, parent-peer attachment and self-esteem respectively. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, t-test and regression analysis were used to get the inferences as per objective. The mean age of respondents was 15.42years and nearly sixty percent selected respondents were females. Majority of respondents were either 1st or 2nd born having average academic performance and studying in 10th class. Parental profile revealed that mean chronological age of mothers and father was 36.84 and 41.49 years respectively. Majority of mothers were illiterate or educated up to middle class, whereas majority of fathers were matriculate. Most of the mothers were house wives and nearly half of fathers worked as laborers. Majority of the respondents belonged to nuclear families with medium size and were from SC or BC category. Annual income of the family was up to ` 1, 26,666.Results concluded that majority of the respondents had high trust, communication and low level of alienation with their parents and peers. Rural as well as female respondents had moderately secure attachment as compared to their counterparts. Positive and significant correlations were observed in adolescent’s parent peer attachment with gender, academic achievement, whereas, ordinal position was correlated only with maternal attachment. Paternal age and occupation were negatively and significantly correlated with peer trust, communication, alienation and paternal communication. Negative and significant correlation existed between academic class and maternal communication, alienation, attachment and paternal alienation, whereas, annual income had positive correlation only with maternal trust. The results related to self-esteem revealed that majority of the adolescents had normal level of self-esteem. The urban girls were superior to their counter parts in self-esteem. Significant and positive correlation of adolescents self-esteem was seen with gender, academic achievement, maternal, paternal and peer trust, communication and attachment, whereas, negative but significant relation were seen with paternal occupation and maternal, paternal and peer alienation. Further majority of respondents were nondepressed or had mild mood disturbances, whereas, 33.5% respondents had clinical depressive symptoms. Comparatively males or respondents from rural area were more depressed. The self-esteem, academic achievement and parent and peer trust, communication and attachment were negatively and significantly correlated with depression hence acted as protective factors. Whereas maternal, paternal, peer alienation was seen as risk factor for depression among adolescents. Further self-esteem, peer alienation, mother communication and father trust were the significant predictors causing variance in depression.