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M. Sc. Dissertations

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20074
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Subject: Horticulture × End date: 2007 × Start date: 2007 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of organic manures on growth and flowering of French marigold (Tagetes patula L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2007) Subhash Chander; Beniwal, B.S.
    A pot experiment was conducted with three organic manures (FYM, vermicompost and poultry manure) along with six levels (50, 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000g/kg of sand) during 2006-07 in the Deptt. of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to find out the effect of organic manures on growth, flowering and yield of French marigold (Tagetes patula L.). The growth parameters of French marigold (plant height, spread and number of shoots per plant) were maximum with the application of 1000g per kg of sand of different organic manures. Early floral bud initiation, early flowering, maximum number of flowers per plant, seed germination(%), seed vigour-I & II and per cent NPK content of plant were observed with the application of 1000g per kg of sand of different organic manures. Flower diameter, fresh weight of flower, seed yield per plant and 1000 seed weight recorded maximum with levels of 750g organic manures per kg of sand. Flower yield was maximum when fertilized with 750g per kg of sand with FYM and poultry manure with the level of 750g and in case of vermicompost it was maximum with 1000g vermicompost per kg of sand. Longevity of flower was highest (20 days) with the application of 1000g vermicompost per kg of sand. Among the different organic manures poultry manure gave the best results followed by vermicompost and FYM.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Floral biology mellitophily and pollination ecology of sarpagandha [Rauvolfia serpentina (Linn.) benth, ex kurz.]
    (CCSHAU, 2007) Wadhwa, Nidhi; Sihag, R.C.
    An abstract of the dissertation submitted to the Chudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Zoology. Medicinal plants, the world's oldest known source of health care products, play a key role in the production of traditional as well as modern medicines. Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina) is an important medicinal plant known for having several alkaloids useful for curing. The study was made on floral structure, floral phenology, melittophily, pollination ecology and the role of different modes of pollination in seed yield of sarpagandha. Floral structure was studied under dissecting microscope revealed the presence of protogynous condition in the flowers of sarpagandha .Abundance of insect visitors studied at hourly and weekly intervals which was maximum during peak flowering period of this plant. Nineteen insect species visited the crop of sarpagandha; out of these five species i.e. Papilio demoleus, Mellisodes sp., Xylocopa fenestrata, Megachile sp., Pieris brassicae were the main pollinators. Among the lepidopterous insects Papilio demoleus had highest foraging rate as compared to Pieris brassicae.Among the hymenopterous insects, Xylocopa visited maximum number of flower per minute, followed by Megachile sp. and Mellisodes sp. Among all the insect visitors, Papilio demoleus remained active for the longest duration on sarpagandha flower followed by Mellisodes sp., Xylocopa fenestrata, Pieris brassicae and Megachile sp., respectively. Pollinating efficiencies of the pollinators were derived on the basis of their abundance, foraging rate and mean activity duration. Among the five insect pollinators Papilio demoleus came out to be on the first place and seemed to be the best pollinator of this crop .Other pollinators with relatively lower ranking in descending order of pollinating efficiency were Mellisodes sp., Xylocopa fenestrata and Megachile sp. Studies on yield parameters revealed that sarpagandha flowers were highly benefited from insect visits, and insect pollination greatly enhanced its seed yield.Crop without insects produced very low seed yield. It was further revealed that sarpagandha is a cross-pollinated and entomophilous plant. The structure shape and fertility status of the flower clearly revealed that it has butterfly pollinated flowers and psychophily pollination syndrome existed in sarpagandha.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on moisture stress in ber (Ziziphus spp.)
    (CCSHAU, 2007) Shashi Kala; Godara, Anil
    Ber is drought tolerant and survives under extended moisture stress even when the surface soil completely dries out. The present investigations entitled “Studies on moisture stress in ber (Ziziphus spp.)” were conducted at CCS HAU, Hisar during 2006-07 for evaluating drought tolerance in Ziziphus species and cultivar(s) of Z. mauritiana. Moisture stress was created by withholding of irrigation upto 28th days in pots as well as in polyethylene bags. During stress, cv. Gola survived upto 28th day, Umran upto 21st day and Kaithli only upto 14th day. No significant change was recorded in plants physical parameters (plant height, number of leaves/plant and number of branches/plant) during moisture stress in Z. rotundifolia and Z. nummularia as well as in commercial cultivars. During the stress period, soil moisture content, leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential and relative water content of leaves were found to be decreased in both the Ziziphus species as well as in cultivars Gola, Kaithli and Umran. The decline in leaf water potential and leaf osmotic potential were found at higher rate in Z. nummularia than Z. rotundifolia and in Gola among cultivars. In Z. rotundifolia, the decline in leaf relative water content was found at faster rate than Z. nummularia. Among cultivars, the decline in leaf relative water content was found at faster rate in Kaithli. Biochemical parameters like sugars (Total, reducing and non reducing), free amino acids, proline and electrolyte leakage (relative stress injury) were increased, however starch, total proteins and chlorophyll content (total, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b) decreased in the leaves during moisture stress in both the experiments. In Z. nummularia, accumulation of proline, sugars and free amino acids were at higher rate than Z. rotundifolia. Relative stress injury (electrolyte leakage) and chlorophyll content were found to be decreased at lower rate in Z. nummularia. The decline in total proteins and starch content were at faster rate in Z. nummularia. Among cultivars, the accumulation of total sugars was found to be at faster rate in case of Umran followed by Gola. Reducing sugars and non reducing sugars were accumulated at higher rate in Gola and Umran respectively. The free amino acids and proline content were found to be accumulated at faster rate in Gola. The starch content declined at faster rate in Gola and the total proteins declined at faster rate in cv. Kaithli followed by Gola. The total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a declined at faster rate in cultivar Kaithli and at slower rate in Gola. However chlorophyll b content declined at faster rate in Gola leaves. Z. nummularia was found more drought tolerant than Z. rotundifolia Gola was found more drought tolerant than Umran and Kaithli.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Micropropagation studies in ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)
    (CCSHAU, 2007) Godara, Jitender Kumar; Mehta, P.K.
    The experiment was conducted during 2005-2006 on “Micropropagation studies in ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)” in the laboratory of Centre for Research and Application in Plant Tissue Culture CRAPTC CCS HAU, Hisar Haryana. The efforts were made to optimize conditions for mass-multiplication of ber cultivars Gola and Umran. The explants comprised of shoot tip and nodal segment with different combination of growth regulators and additives (BAP, NAA, IBA, Kinetin, KNO3, NH4NO3) supplementing the MS basal medium. Sterilization treatment of 0.1% HgCl2 supplemented with ascorbic acid and citric acid for 3 minutes duration was observed best for cvs. Gola and Umran. The minimum number of days taken for shoot initiation was observed in MS+BAP 0.5 mg/l in both cultivars. The maximum shoot regeneration, shoot length and average number of shoots per plant was observed on MS+ KNO3 3800 mg/l + NH4NO3 2475 mg/l + BAP 2.5 mg/l + IAA 0.5 mg/l media in cvs. Gola and Umran. The shoots were transferred for rooting on different rooting media. Rooting was not observed in both cultivars on any of the rooting media tried.