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M. Sc. Dissertations

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Subject: Fisheries × End date: 2007 × Start date: 2007 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Age dependent changes in liver composition and enzyme activity in Cyprinus carpio
    (CCSHAU, 2007) Simmi; Jain, K.L.
    The Comman carp (C. carpio) fish is used as a test animal both for stressed studies and various other aspects of nutrition and reproduction. There has been so far no such studies indicating changes in growth rate, tissue composition and the metabolic enzyme activities which could accurately prescribed comparative test parameters particularly with reference to the age dependent changes in the early stages of fish growth (juvenile stages) were studied about these parameters. Growth rate in terms of length and mass in this stage was positively correlated in age group upto 130 days of growth cases, although rates varied considerably between different age in length and in mass. Maximum growth increment in terms of gain in length was evident in 130 days old fish i.e.10.85, as compared to the earlier growth stages. The 40 days old fish showed percent length gain of 7.0% only. Likewise growth rate in terms of mass gain was also lowest in 40 days old fish (6.4%) and 16.6% in 130 days old fish. The regression equation showed a strong relationship between growth in length and in mass (R2=0.973, p<0.0001). The regression equation for the data for growth rate in length and in mass gain with condition factor was also significant and it expressed 67% variability in length and 62% variability in mass gain in C. carpio fish due to the condition factor (Fig. 4). The highest HSI increment was also noticed in 130 days old fish i.e. it showed on increased in 130 days old fish, 11.45), whereas HSI increment in 70 and 100 days old fish was 7.17 and 8.72, respectively and 4.58 in the early stage of growth period in 40 days. Data on age related changes in glycogen and protein contents in the liver also varied significantly with different growth periods (Table 3). The glycogen contents (mg/g of wet tissue) in liver was almost double in 70 days old fish as indicated by the mean values of 67.025 mg/g of wet tissue in 70 days and 35.25mg/g of wet tissue in 40 days old fish. Likewise the fish showed 40.69% gain in liver protein contents after 70 days of growth. HSI was highly correlated with growth rate in length (R2=0.893, p<0.0001) as compared to condition factor (R2=0.688, p<0.0001). Glycogen and protein contents in liver of fish C. carpio were both significantly affected by growth rate and condition factor. The enzyme activity of Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) both in liver and in serum increased rapidly from 70 days old fish to 100 days old fish. But Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) showed a significant increase from 40 days old fish to 70 days old fish in liver and in serum. There was a strong relationship of their activity with growth rate both in length and mass, than with condition factor. Among the metabolic enzymes in liver and in serum, PDH alone showed highest variability of 95% with growth in length in serum and 68% variability with condition factor in serum. Enzyme activities of Phosphatases such as acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes in fish liver and in serum increased considerably from 70 days old fish to 100 days old fish. Acid phosphatase explained 95% of the variability of growth rate in length in liver and in serum and 94% in mass growth in liver. However, alkaline phosphatase explained 87% of the variability in growth rate in length and in mass in serum, which was weak as compared to variability observed in liver. Age dependent changes in growth rate vis or vis changes in tissue composition and enzyme activities in early growth stage of fishes with reference to their application as biomarkers closely evidence their application both as age determinant as well as in study of stress effect in fish C. carpio. However up to 70 days old is appropriate for energy parameters and thereafter for structural changes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of chronic effects of deltamethrin on Cyprinus carpio and its amelioration through dietary ascorbic acid
    (CCSHAU, 2007) Dushyant Kumar; Jain, K.L.
    The extensive use of deltamethrin a synthetic pyrethorids has led to increase in its residue in water. The primary aim of this study was to workout biomarkers which are measurable biological parameters that can change in response to toxicity exposure and amelioration of toxicity effects with in Cyprinus carpio. Sublethal dose level of deltamethrin studied in L. cerfies for behavioural and certain hematogoical changes with and without dietary supplement of Vitamin C ascorbic acid. Among behavioural changes the most distinct features was increasing exitation with increase positive in concentration as evident from the increase in operculum movements/minutes from 63 in controls to 83 at 0.006ppm of Depetamethrin. Among haematolgoical parameters the estimates of haemoglobin haemato crit, total orthrocytes counts and total levocyte count manifested significant reduction with increasing concentration of deltamethrin upto 23.70, 23.33, 23.07 and 30.48% respectively, likewise there have been marked decline in tissue proteins and lipids in muscles upto 37.93 and 13.33% respectively. The total muscle cholesterol however enhanced by 82.88% at 0.006 ppm of deltamethrin. There were also significant changes in the activity of glycolytic enzymes GDH & PDH showing respectively a decline up to 57.31 and 45.87% with the increase in concentration of the pesticide. The Ascorbic acid feeding of Ascorbic acid along with pesticide showed lesser toxicity effects showing relatively about 8 to 10% lesser changes in haematolgoical, Biochemical and enzymolgoical parameters. Maximum amelioration of toxicity effects was evident in haemoglobin and PCV contents among haematolgoical parameters and muscle cholesterols. Later showed an improvement by 26% with ascorbic acid voer the normal diet fed fish i.e. the cholesterol contents increased by 76.02% at 0.06 ppm with normal diet and 50.70% with ascorbic acid mixed diet. In a pesticide concentration. This studies thus clearly evidence the application of this haematoglocial and biochemical parameters in assessing toxicity effects and their amelioration with ascorbic acid.