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M. Sc. Dissertations

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2010 - 20113
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Subject: Farm Machinery and Power Engineering × End date: 2011 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Comparative study of performance parameters of combine harvesters
    (CCSHAU, 2010) Dinesh Kumar; Bansal, N.K.
    The investigation was carried out on the comparative study of performance parameters of combine-harvesters. The main objectives of the study were to compare the existing engine performance data with the results obtained from the test report released by testing institutes and to study the extent of labor, fuel and cost involved in testing the engine. Kirloskar engine (Model 6R-1080) used in three different makes of combine harvesters, was tested three times with combines at NRFMT&TI (Hisar) during different years. Although this model of engine was already tested at A.R.A.I.(Pune) as per the BIS codes. The average mean values of engine performance data, tested at NRFMT&TI (Hisar) were compared with the engine performance obtained at A.R.A.I. (Pune). Ashok Leyland engine (Model ALU-400) used in 22 different makes of combine harvesters was tested 22 times with combines at NRFMT&TI (Hisar) in different years. The testing performances of Ashok Leyland engines used in 22 different combines were compared on the basis of mean values of performance data. Four testing performance parameters of engine viz. power (kW), torque (N-m), fuel consumption (l/h) and specific fuel consumption (g/kW-h) were selected to compare the engine performance, as given in the engine test report of the combine harvester. Mean values of all the performance parameters in Kirloskar engines (Model 6R 1080) obtained under varying speed and varying loads in different testing institutes were similar. The percentages of variations in all the testing parameters were found to be very low in varying speed and varying load test. There was no significant effect on performance parameters of the engine tested during different periods and different testing institutes. So, there was unnecessary expenditure in conducting testing of Kirloskar engines (Model 6R 1080) again at combine testing institute with no fruitful contribution to the results already obtained at A.R.A.I.(Pune). Performance of all testing parameters in Ashok Leyland engines (Model ALU-400) obtained under varying speed and varying load tests were also similar. There was no significant effect on engine performance parameters in varying speed and varying load tests in engines tested during different periods, at NRFMT&TI (HISAR). Performance of all the testing parameters in Ashok Leyland engines (Model ALU-400) obtained in maximum power test and five hours rating test were similar. The percentages of variations in all the performance parameters were found to be very low in maximum power test and five hours rating test. There was non-significant difference in engine performance parameters under maximum power test and five hours rating test of engine tested during different periods, at NRFMT&TI (HISAR). Total cost of complete testing of engine of combine harvester, at NRFMT&TI (Hisar) observed was Rs. 1.38 lacs. Retesting of Kirloskar and Ashok Leyland engines used on combine harvesters, resulted in extra expenditure of Rs.1.38 lacs on testing and also unavoidable delays. Therefore this practice needs to be reviewed at the testing institute level to economize the cost of combine testing. Retesting of engines of combines at testing institutes may be discontinued to save time, labor, energy and money.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance evaluation of bed planter for intercropping in castor
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Ajit Singh; Vijaya Rani
    In India, the area and production of castor is 0.74 million hectares and 0.93 million tonnes, respectively. Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is most important oilseed crop of India due to the fact that its oil has diversified uses and has great value in foreign trade. The intercropping in castor is carried out on flat bed. Firstly, castor is sown manually or by pora method and the other pulse crops of short duration are inter-sowed by seed drill. The process of sowing castor which is done manually or by animals drawn sowing plough is very tedious and time consuming. Thus, there was a need to evaluate the feasibility of raised bed system for intercropping of pulse crop in castor over existing practice of intercropping. The different physical properties of the castor seed were determined for dry seed (5.9 %), seed soaked for 6 hours (25.8 %) and seed soaked and 12 hours (32.8 %). The average length, average width and average thickness were found to increase with increased moisture content. The values for spherecity and roundness were not close to 100 % and hence seed shape could be considered oval. The gravimetric properties of the castor seed as 1000 seed weight, single seed volume and bulk density increased as soaking hours increased from 0 to 12 hours. True density and porosity increased for first 6 hrs of soaking and then the values decreased when the hours of soaking further increased form 6 to 12 hours. The effective field capacity of planter was 0.50 ha h-1at average operating speed of 3.9 km h-1. The missing index, multiplying index and quality of feed index recorded for bed planter were 10.71 %, 1.19 % and 88.10%, respectively. Payback period of bed planter and seed drill were calculated were 1.51 and 0.58 year. Break-even points in hr per year were 44.75 and 25.85 in case of bed planter and seed drill. The plant stand obtained after 21days of sowing was higher for raised bed than flat bed by 24.33%, 23.33% and 24.33 % for castor intercropped with green gram, moth bean and cluster bean. Significant difference was obtained for plant height at 30, 45, 60 days and at primary spike for castor crop. The plant height was more for raised bed intercropping than flat bed intercropping for both castor and pulse crop. Number of capsules/spike, number of pods/plant, length of spike and length of pod were also higher for the raised bed intercropping than flat bed intercropping. Thousand grain and seed weight for pulse and castor obtained was higher for castor crop and for pulse crop on raised bed than flat bed. The yield (q ha-1) for pulse and castor obtained was 31.33 %, 29.77 % and 30.43 % higher for castor crop and 4.51 %, 5.2 % and 6.27 % for pulse crop, respectively on raised bed than flat bed.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Comparative performance evaluation of mechanical transplanting and direct seeding of rice under puddle and unpuddle conditions
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Rakesh Kumar; Bansal, N.K.
    Rice is a major crop that is grown in more than 110 countries. The total area planted under rice in India is 44.0 million hectares which is largest in the world against a total area of 156.6 million hectares. The total rice production in the world was 650.19 million tonnes out of which 141.13 million tonnes were produced in India. The average yield of rice in India is 3.20 tonnes/hectare. The lowest yield of (29.75 q. /ha) was obtained in Zero till-mechanical transplanting (T4) and the maximum yield (32.67 q./ha) was obtained in Unpuddle-mechanical transplanting (T5.). Economic of rice cultivation under different crop establishment techniques is presented in the Table 4.6. The rental value of the land is assumed to remain the same offset the price fluctuation. The gross returns of T4 and T2 (Zero till-direct seeded rice without residues) were found less as compared to other treatments. The lowest and highest net returns were found to be Rs.5314 (T7) and Rs.16090 (T3) with per hectare, respectively. The height benefit cost ratio was obtained as 1.27 and 1.30 for T2 and T3, respectively. The lowest benefit cost ratio was obtained as 1.08 and 1.16 for T7 and T4, respectively. A comparison between transplanting treatments T4 & T5 (unpuddled field) and T6 & T7 (puddle field) clearly shows that any attempt to switch from the irrigating practice of transplanting under puddle conditions to transplanting under unpuddled conditions will require additional water applications i.e., the water applied in transplanted treatments with unpuddled field was more than 20 cm than that applied under puddled field conditions. It is also important to note that the fields of study were historically under puddle transplanted conditions. It is assumed that there may be slight effect of previous years puddling on the infiltration rate of the soil. Consequently, the water required for unpuddled field is expected to be even more than what was observed under this study.