Thumbnail Image

M. Sc. Dissertations

Browse

20115
Reset filters
Subject: Entomology × End date: 2011 × Start date: 2011 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of okra genotypes for resistance to two spotted mite tetranychus urticae koch (Acarina : Tetranychidae)
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Nain, Jitender; Ram Singh
    Twenty five genotypes of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench were evaluated during crop season 2009-10 and twenty two genotypes were evaluated during crop season 2010-11 for field resistance to two spotted mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. On the basis of observation on incidence of T. urticae, seven genotypes namely, two least susceptible (HB-02-14-1-1 and HB-02-17-1) and two moderately susceptible (HTB-1-17-5 and HRB-107-4-1), two highly susceptible (HBT-6-15-3-7 and BB1) and one popular variety Hisar Unnat were selected for elaborate studies under field and laboratory conditions. During crop season 2009-10 two least susceptible genotypes of okra HB-02-14-1-1 (24.19/cm2)and HB-02-17-1(27.21/cm2) differed significantly (P< 0.05) from highly susceptible genotypes HBT-6-15-3-7 (43.11/cm2) and BB1(42.35/cm2) in respect of mite population. Similar results were obtained during 2010-11. Population of T. urticae was found more on top strata of dorsal surface (30.95/cm2) and ventral surface (55.86/cm2) followed by middle strata on dorsal surface (25.17/cm2) and ventral surface (46.31/cm2) and bottom strata on dorsal surface (15.02/cm2) and ventral surface( 29.75/cm2) of okra plant in 2009-10. Similar trend of population distribution was recorded in season 2010-11. Highly susceptible genotype HBT-6-15-3-7 was more preferred for egg laying (52.61/leaf disc).Whereas least susceptible genotypes HB-02-14-1-1(18.66) and HB-02-17-1(23.24) genotypes supported less number of eggs. Survival of T. urticae was also less on least susceptible genotypes HB-02-14-1-1(13 %) and HB-02-17-1(15 %) in comparison to highly susceptible genotypes HBT-6-15-3-7(73%) and BB1 (57%). Biology of two spotted mite T. urticae was studied on these promising genotypes. Shortest incubation period ( 4.57days), larval period (3.97 days), nymphal period (4.22 days), larval plus nymphal period (8.18 days) and total life period ( 17.85 days) was observed on least susceptible genotypes(HB-02-14-1-1 and HB-02-17-1) and longest incubation period ( 3.16 days), larval period (5.16 days), nymphal period( 4.46 days), larval plus nymphal period (9.48 days) and total life period (21.19 days)was found on highly susceptible genotypes (HBT-6-15-3-7 and BB1), respectively. Shortest oviposition period was observed on HB-02-14-1-1(5.66 days) and longest on BB1 (8.61 days) and shortest longevity of female was found on okra genotype HB-02-14-1-1(8.28 days) and longest on HBT-6-15-3-7(11.71days). Female to male ratio was found maximum on moderately susceptible genotype of okra namely HRB-107-4-1(4.3:1) and minimum on least susceptible genotypes HB-02-14-1-1(2.4:1). This indicated antibiosis mechanism of resistance. Correlation of length of trichome with larval plus nymphal survival (r= 0.82) was positively significant (P<0.05). Sugar and phosphorus were positively correlated with larval period (r= 0.71 and r= 0.73) and nymphal period (r= 0.74 and r= 0.72) but negatively correlated with larval plus nymphal survival (r= -0.81 and r= -0.91). Potassium showed significantly positive correlation with nymphal period (r= 0.94) and negative correlation with larval plus nymphal survival (r= -0.91). Antinutritional compounds tannin and phenols showed positive correlation with larval period (r= 0.88 and r= 0.81) and nymphal period (r= 0.76and r= 0.78), but negatively significant (P<0.05) correlation with larval plus nymphal survival (r= -0.78 and r= -0.79), respectively. Only relative humidity (r= 0.77) had significantly (P<0.05) positive correlation with mean population of T. urticae in crop season during 2009-10. Other weather parameters did not show any correlation with T. urticae population during crop season 2009-10 and 2010-11.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of entomopathogenic nematodes against Plutella xylostella (L.) on cabbage
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Rajesh Kumar; Ram Singh
    Present investigation on “Evaluation of entomopathogenic nematodes against Plutella xylostella (L.) on cabbage” was carried out in laboratory and screen-house. The investigation focused on the selection of appropriate indigenous strain of EPN, its application as foliar spray and its compatibility with currently used insecticides and Bt against Plutella xylostella on cabbage. EPN isolates (Steinernema asiaticum, Steinernema sp. RB-5 and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) were used to know the effectiveness against P. xylostella. Third instar larvae of P. xylostella were susceptible to all three EPNs isolates. Steinernema sp. (RB-5) was least virulent (larval mortality 15.62%) after 96h whereas highest virulence was observed in S. asiaticum (larval mortality 65.62%) at 20±1ºC. Nematode multiplication (no. of IJs recovered per larva) was recorded highest (1226) in S. asiaticum. On the basis of highest mortality and maximum nematode multiplication S. asiaticum was selected for further studies on its pathogenic potential, compatibility with insecticides, effect of temperature on its growth and development, and its efficacy against P. xylostella as foliar spray. LC50 value of S. asiaticum was worked out to be 11.2 by using Probit analysis. At 20 and 25 ˚C, S. asiaticum caused 45 and 80 per cent mortality after 96 h. S. asiaticum caused significant insect mortality even at the high temperatures. S. asiaticum was effective within 20-35 °C, with optimum insect mortality at 30 °C. Nematode multiplication was maximum at 30 °C. Maximum IJs recovery was at 30 (279) and 35˚C (228). Maximum nematode growth and development took place at 35 °C. S. asiaticum was compatible with endosulfan, malathion and Bt and it can be incorporated in the IPM programme for management of P. xylostella. Split application (15000 + 15000 IJs) of S. asiaticum IJs proved better and resulted in 48.33 per cent mortality as compared to single dose (30,000) that caused 36 per cent mortality.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of Bt cotton against tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) under laboratory conditions
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Saini, Sumit; Malik, V. S.
    An experiment was conducted for evaluation of Bt cotton against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) during the year 2010-11 under laboratory conditions in CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Six genotypes namely Ankur Jai Bt, Ankur Jai BGII, Ankur Jai non Bt, RCH 134 Bt, RCH 134BGII and RCH 134 non Bt were used for studying biological parameters viz., larval survival, larval weight, larval period etc. at various days after sowing (DAS). At 60 and 90 DAS, BGII genotypes were observed most effective but survival larvae were increased at120 and 140 DAS. Ankur Jai non Bt was observed most preferred genotype among all six genotypes. Larval weight was observed minimum on both the BGII genotypes throughout the investigation but an increased was observed after 120 of crop sowing. Similar trends were observed in larval period, pupal period, pupal weight and adult emergence on BGII genotypes. All the parameters were increased after 120 DAS. Ankur Jai Bt was preferred more by S. litura throughout the observations. RCH 134BGII and Ankur Jai BGII showed good control of S. litura . There might be low production of Cry 2Ab in BGII genotypes that was the reason for its decreasing effectiveness. Consumption utilization studies were also conducted at 65, 95, 125 and 145 days after sowing of crop. At 65 and 95 DAS, growth rate, efficiency of conversion of digested food and efficiency of conversion of digested were observed minimum on BGII genotypes. Consumption index remained non significant among all the genotypes upto 125 DAS observations it revealed BGII had no feeding deterrent. Assimilation efficiency / assimilation digestibility remained higher for BGII genotypes reason for this was unknown. After 125 DAS decreasing expression of Cry 2Ab was observed as all the parameters starts showing positive effects. At 145 DAS, a combine effect of ageing and reduced Cry 2Ab was observed. In case of ovipositional preference under choice conditions, females of S. litura showed no difference between BGII genotypes and other genotypes under investigation. Leaves were preferred more over flowers/bracts and bolls for egg laying by S. litura females.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of some insecticides on development and survival of trichogramma chilonis ishii
    (CCSHAU, 2011) G. Narendra Kumar; Khokhar, Sucheta
    Investigations were carried out to assess the toxicity of insecticides endosulfan, imidacloprid, spinosad, triazophos, thiodicarb, novaluron and azadirachtin on various biological parameters of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii. The bioassay studies under laboratory conditions were carried out to determine the toxicity of these insecticides on parasitisation, adult emergence, adult longevity and sexratio of T. chilonis. Laboratory studies were also carried out to determine their effect on various immature stages of T. chilonis within the host eggs of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton. Studies were also carried out to assess their residual effect under laboratory and field conditions. Spinosad was found to be the most toxic in all the laboratory studies followed by triazophos. Spinosad resulted in only 17.80 per cent parasitization and 3.97 per cent adult emergence from the eggs treated before parasitization. Novaluron was found to be the safest resulting in 58.93 per cent parasitization and 89.72 per cent adult emergence from the eggs treated before parasitization. The parasitization in other insecticides ranged from 20.00 to 40.47 per cent. Spinosad was also found highly toxic to all the immature stages resulting in only 0.46, 0.66 and 0.65 per cent adult emergence from the egg, larval and pupal stages, respectively, while novaluron was found to be safe to all the immature stages resulting in 86.75, 87.84 and 87.46 per cent adult emergence from the egg, larval and pupal stages, respectively. The adult emergence in other insecticides ranged from 57.95 to 88.63 per cent from egg stage, 53.97 to 87.12 per cent from larval stage and 61.46 to 87.15 per cent from pupal stage. In residual toxicity studies under laboratory conditions only novaluron was found to be safe while all the other insecticides remained toxic even up to 15 days of preparation of film while residual toxicity studies under field conditions resulted in the recommendation of minimum waiting period of 10 days for endosulfan, imidacloprid and azadirachtin and 15 days for thiodicarb while it was more than 15 days for spinosad and triazophos. Novaluron remained safe even from the first day of the spray and hence can be safely integrated with inundative releases of the parasitoid.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of rapeseed mustard genotypes and insecticides for the management of mustard aphid
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Athaulla, Imran; Singh, S.P.
    Studies on evaluation of rapeseed–mustard genotypes for their susceptibility to mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.)and its management with chemical insecticides were conducted during Rabi, 2010-11 at research farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Fifty advanced rapeseed-mustard genotypes were sown in a Randomized Block Design on November 8, 2010, for their reaction to the pest. Based on pooled average of aphid infestation index (AII) at full flowering and full pod formation stages, out of fifty advanced rapeseed-mustard genotypes, four genotypes (Ashirwad, Parasmani-2-10, BAUM-2007, and RH-7846) were found resistant having aphid infestation index upto 1.6. Maximum AII was found in BSH-1(4.3). Development of mustard aphid was studied on ten different rapeseed-mustard genotypes under laboratory conditions at grown up and flowering stage of plant. On genotype BSH-1 at grown up stage (leaves), nymphal period, reproductive period, adult longevity and total lifespan were minimum with 8.1, 15.7, 18.5 and 27.0 days, respectively. However on same genotype fecundity was maximum with 99.8 nymphs/female and per cent survival as 96 per cent. On the other hand on Purple Mutant nymphal period, reproductive period, adult longevity and total lifespan were maximum with 9.6, 17.1, 21.0 and 30.7 days, respectively. Fecundity and survival was minimum with 76.2 nymphs/female and 75 per cent, respectively. Similar trend was observed for these parameters at flowering stage (inflorescence) on the genotype Purple Mutant and BSH-1. Size and weight of aphid (nymph and adult) were maximum on BSH-1 and minimum on Purple Mutant. Among the insecticide treatments tested under field condition, imidacloprid at 0.003 and 0.002% concentration was found most effective, followed by methyl demeton and dimethoate. Highest cost benefit ratio was observed in case of imidacloprid (0.003%) with 1:18.0 followed by imidacloprid (0.002%) with 1:17.9 and minimum was observed in case of fipronil (0.008%) with 1:2.2.