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M. Sc. Dissertations

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Subject: Chemistry × Start date: 2016 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of leaves, bark and seeds of chinese rain tree (Koelreuteria elegans)
    (CCSHAU, 2016) Parveen Kumari; Khabiruddin, M.
    The present study was undertaken for phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of bark, leaves and seeds of Chinese rain tree (Koelreuteria elegans). The plant materials were collected from the university campus CCS, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. After cleaning, these were dried in shade and ground to fine powdered form. Ash content, crude fibre, crude protein, carbohydrates, energy value and minerals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe), analysed in the seeds, were found to be 1.3±0.1 %, 10.3±0.6 %, 19.5±0.6 %, 36.8±1.5 %, 627.3±6.6 KJ/100g respectively and Zn content was found to be 55.0±1.4 ppm, Cu content was 175.0±3.5 ppm, Mn content was 606.0±28.3 ppm and Fe content was 519.0±16.5 ppm. Moisture content and oil content were 7.1±0.2 % and 25.0±0.2 % respectively. Peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter and free fatty acids in the seed oil, were found to be 1.8±0.1 meq/kg, 90.9±1.2 g of I2/100 g oil, 198.1±0.2 mg/g KOH, 4.3±0.1 % and 1.2±0.02 as % oleic acid. Total phenols, total carotenoids and total tocopherol in the oil were found to be 2.8±0.04 mg GAE/g, 15.1±0.3 mg/kg and 34.7±1.8 mg/100g respectively. Total flavonoids were in traces. The fatty acid composition of the oil was found as palmitic acid (4.9±0.2 %), oleic acid (22.8±0.1 %), linoleic acid (9.7±0.2 %), arachidic acid (54.8±0.2 %) and behanic acid (1.3±0.1 %). Total phenols in methanol extract of bark, leaves and seed cake were found to be 99.3±1.2 mg GAE/g, 109.1±2.5 mg GAE/g and 60.0±0.1 mg GAE/g respectively. Total flavonoids in the methanol extract of bark, leaves and cake were found to be 26.9±0.4 mg CAE/g, 36.3±0.2 mg CAE/g and 10.0±0.06 mg CAE/g respectively. Antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined by DPPH free radical scavenging method and was found to be 96 % at conc. of 0.06 mg/ml in the bark extract and 95 % at conc. of 0.07 mg/ml in the leaf extract and 93 % at conc. of 0.07 mg/ml in the seed cake extract respectively. EC50 was 0.023±0.002 mg/ml for bark extract, 0.022±0.002 mg/ml for leaf extract and 0.025±0.01 mg/ml for the seed cake extract respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Antioxidant activity of phenolics and flavonoids fractions of bark of babul (Acacia nilotica) and arjun (Terminalia arjuna)
    (CCSHAU, 2016) Pravesh; Madan, V.K.
    The present study was undertaken to study the effect of extraction techniques on total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of bark of babul (Acacia nilotica) and arjun (Terminalia arjuna). Methanolic extracts were obtained by cold and hot extraction techniques followed by liquidliquid partitioning of methanolic extracts with various solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol). Extract yield of methanolic extracts of bark of babul and arjun obtained by hot extraction technique (10.889 to 12.623 g/100g) was higher in comparison to cold extraction technique (6.528 to 7.396 g/100g). Similarly, extract yield of various solvent fractions of aqueous layers of methanolic extracts of bark of babul and arjun obtained by hot extraction technique (0.027 to 2.177 g/100g) was higher in comparison to cold extraction technique (0.011 to 2.523 g/100g). Total phenolics content in methanolic extracts of bark of arjun and babul obtained by hot extraction technique (45.377 to 49.380 mg GAE/g) were higher in comparison to cold extraction technique (13.251 to 32.926 mg GAE/g). Similarly, total flavonoids content in methanolic extracts of bark of arjun and babul obtained by hot extraction technique (15.071 to 18.895 mg CE/g) were higher in comparison to cold extraction technique (4.353 to 10.752 mg CE/g). In various solvent fractions of aqueous layers of methanolic extracts of bark of babul obtained by both extraction techniques, total phenolics and total flavonoids contents were highest in ethyl acetate fraction followed by butanol, residual aqueous, dichloromethane, chloroform and hexane fractions. In various solvent fractions of aqueous layers of methanolic extracts of bark of arjun obtained by both extraction techniques, total phenolics and total flavonoids contents were highest in residual aqueous fraction followed by butanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, chloroform and hexane fractions. The lower values of IC50 represent higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Amongst extraction techniques, methanolic extracts of bark of babul and arjun obtained by hot extraction technique exhibited higher antioxidant activity (IC50 67.7 and 134.8 μg/mL) in comparison to cold extraction technique (IC50 71.7 and 180.5 μg/mL). In various solvent fractions of aqueous layers of methanolic extracts of bark of babul obtained by both extraction techniques, ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 24.9 and 35.2 μg/mL) followed by butanol, residual aqueous/dichloromethane, chloroform and hexane fractions. In various solvent fractions of aqueous layers of methanolic extracts of bark of arjun obtained by both extraction techniques, ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 27.7 and 38.1 μg/mL) followed by butanol, residual aqueous, chloroform, dichloromethane and hexane fractions.