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2015 - 20174
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Subject: Silviculture and Agroforestry ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of seed source and pre-sowing treatment on seed germination of Quercus serrata Thunb
    (College of Forestry, Ranichauri Campus, V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar, 2017-07) VANLALRUATA, C.; Khanduri, V. P. (Dr.)
    Quercus is an economically and ecologically important genus of family fagaceae consists of tree or shrubs either deciduous or evergreen found growing in the central Himalaya between 1000- 3600 masl (Champion and Seth, 1968). Recent reports reveal that there are several biotic and abiotic factors which are directly affecting the natural regeneration of these valuable species (Pandey, 2013) Irregular fructification, habitat loss, viviparous seed germination, animal grazing, seed consumption by wild animals, less availability of viable seeds, seed boring by worms, lopping of fine branches for fodder and seed borne diseases are some major threats. Understanding germination behaviour of these species is crucial to meet the demand of better quality seedlings in the required demands. Therefore this present study examined the effect of thirteen pre-sowing treatments and three different temperature effects on germination, growth behaviour and biomass production of Quercus serrata Thunb. For the present study, seeds of Quercus serrata were collected from Champhai (Mizoram), Ngur (Mizoram) and Senapati (Manipur) and experiment were carried out in College of Forestry, Ranichauri. Some of these collected seeds were given different pre-sowing treatment i.e. Scarified, stratified, acid treatment, soaking in cold water, the combination of scarified, and stratified of different duration and some were kept under control temperature in germinator with 15oC, 20oC and 25oC to see their effect on seed germination, growth attributes and biomass production. Among all the pre-sowing treatment given, scarified along with stratification for 20 days show the highest germination percentage in all the three seed sources while the lowest germination percentage was observed in control i.e without any treatment. Among the three temperatures examined, highest germination percent was found in 25o C in all the three seed sources. The present study concluded that there was no definite relationship between seed sources effect on seed germination but have significant effect on growth character and biomass production whereas presowing treatment has a direct effect on germination, growth character and biomass production on seedlings of Quercus serrata.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Variation in volume, biomass and carbon stocks in different deodar forests of Garhwal Himalaya
    (College of Forestry, Ranichauri Campus, V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, 2015-07) Rathod, Digvijaysinh .U.; Khanduri, Dr.V.P.
    Deodar is typically gregarious and is usually found in pure stands. It is one of the most important and valuable timbers of northern India. It occurs throughout the western Himalayas from Afghanistan to Garhwal up to the valley of the Dhauli below the Nitipass at an elevation ranging from 1200 to 3500 m, being most common from 1800 to 2600 m. Total area under Deodar forest in India is estimated to be about 203263 ha. The present study was undertaken in ten different forests sites, assessed by laying out three 0.1 ha sample plots randomly on each location. Enumeration of trees for volume, biomass and carbon sequestration was done by measuring girth and height individually for all the tress. Further, data collected from stand were computed for dbh, basal area, volume, stand density and canopy cover. The AGBD, BGBD, TBD, TCD were examine for variation of biomass and carbon stock study and percentage relative density was use for the analysis of population structure. The soil samples were collected from each sample plot at three different soil depths. The standard method was use to analyze the soil sample. To study the Physico-chemical properties of soil various parameter viz. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH and EC analyzed. The outcome of the study revealed that the values of dbh, basal area, height, volume, stand density and canopy cover ranged from 42.10 to 57.07 cm, 1.37 to 2.84 m2 trees-1 , 19.68 to 37.64 m, 1.44 m3 tree-1 to 4.27 m3 tree-1, 227 to 407 ind. ha-1 and 57.91 % to 80.60 % respectively. The value of AGBD (428.57 to 1279.51 Mg ha-1), BGBD (97.41 to 256.14 Mg ha-1), TBD (525.98 to 1535.65 Mg ha-1), and TCD (767.83 to 262.99 Mg ha-1) was recorded in different study sites and higher end values was observed in Kanasae-I site. The population structure study observed in Deodar forest from younger to mature or old growth trees in natural forests. The maximum (45%) population was observed in Thangdhar site (50-60 cm), compared to all sites. Values of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH and EC ranged between 1.34 and 1.61 %, 0.40 and 0.49 %, 5.22 and 7.22 kg acre-1, 84.56 and 243.44 kg acre-1, 6.28 and 7, 0.07 and 0.17 dS m-1 respectively. On the basis of above results it is concluded that the healthy stand growth is indicated by stand structure. Population percent was higher in middle diameter class revealed that forests were younger. The Kanasar-I has more prominent capacity to storage biomass and carbon stock. Soils were well enriched by nutrient. Soil nutrient were found decreases with increasing soil depth. pH was acidic to alkaline in all sites. Deodara being a slow growing conifer will provide a long term and high carbon storage than broadleaf species forest. Therefore, protecting deodar forest would have the largest impact, per unit area, on reducing carbon emission from deforestration.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ABOVE GROUND VOLUME AND CARBON STOCK IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUP PLANTATIONS OF TEAK (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) IN BHABAR AND SHIVALIK REGIONS OF UTTARAKHAND
    (College of Forestry, Ranichauri, V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, 2015-07) Nirala, Deepshikha; Khanduri, Dr. V.P.
    Above ground volume and carbon stock assessment in 27 different age group of teak plantations comprising five compartments, viz., Paniyali, Lalpani, Sigaddi, Sukhro and Saneh of Kotdwara and Kothari range, Kotdwara Forest Division, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand was carried out with three sample plots of 0.1 hectare which were laid out arbitrarily on each age group of plantations of teak. Observations on growth parameters like total tree height, dbh and number of trees were recorded and average data per hectare was calculated for basal area, above ground volume and growing stock, biomass and carbon sink etc. Assessment of stand density and population structure under different diameter classes was influenced by different sites and age groups of teak plantations. Among five various compartments, in lower diameter class (10-20 cm) and middle diameter classes i.e., 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm the stand density and population structure was dominated in younger and middle aged plantation sites viz., S2 (Saneh-15B-29 years old), S4 Sukhro-2-31 years old), S6 (Sukhro-1 -32 years old), S8 (Saneh-12B), S7 (Paniyali 2A) and S7 (Paniyali 2A) at the age of 33 years old. Further in higher diameter classes (50-60 cm and 60-70 cm), stand density and population structure was very less or absent in all the plantation sites. While, the average above ground volume was ranged between 0.31 m3/tree to1.32 m3/tree was observed in Sigaddi-18 (S8) at the age of 33 and Saneh-15 (S27) at the age of 48 years, respectively. Similarly, the maximum and minimum values of growing stock under all the diameter classes were 817.94 m3/ha at in Sigaddi-18A (S26) at the age of 48 and 244.52 m3/ha in Sigaddi-18 (S8) at the age of 33 years. Above ground biomass (AGB), below ground biomass (BGB) and total biomass (TB) also significantly influenced by different sites and age group of teak plantations. The extent of increase in AGB (687.07 t/ha), BGB (171.77 t/ha) and TB (858.84 t/ha) in S26 (Sigaddi-18A) plantation site at the age of 48 was 70.10 % over S8 (Sigaddi-18B) in AGB (205.40 t/ha), BGB (51.35 t/ha) and TB (256.75 t/ha) at the age of 33 years. Further, the total carbon (TC) (429.42 t/ha) and CO2 (1575.97 t/ha) in was highest Sigaddi-18A (S26) plantation site at the age of 48 years. Whereas, the lowest TC (128.37 t/ha) and CO2 (471.13 t/ha) at the age of 33 years was observed in S8 (Sigaddi-18). The tree diameter (cm) showed highly significant positive correlation with volume (R2=0.903), total biomass with total carbon (R2=0.859). The variation in diameter could explain nearly 90.3 % of the variation in volume, 85.9 % variation in total biomass and total carbon. Therefore, the diameter can be a good predictor of volume, biomass and carbon sequestration in teak plantations. Among different age group and plantation sites of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) in Bhabar and Shival regionsS(Sigaddiof-18A)Uttarakhand”plantationsiteattheageof 48 showed stand density 26 (743 N/ha), better total tree height (17.81 m), dbh (37.67 cm), basal area (44.77 m2/ha), above ground volume (1.10 m3/tree) and growing stock (817.94 m2/ha), biomass (858.84 t/ha), carbon sink (42942 t/ha) and CO2 (1575.97 t/ha) compared to other age group plantations of teak and sites.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Community composition, Regeneration status and Utilization pattern of Woody species in Dandachali forest of Tehri Forest Division, North-West Himalaya
    (College of Forestry, Ranichauri, V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, 2015-07) Lal, Pankaj; Khanduri, Dr. V.P.
    Studies on forest vegetation pertaining to diversity, composition, structural pattern, natural regeneration status and economic importance of plant communities are prerequisite in view of conservation and sustainable utilization of bio-resources. The present investigation was conducted in Dandachali forest of Tehri Forest Division, North-Western part of Himalaya. Surveys and sampling of the vegetation were done using standard ecological assessment methods with an aim to study plant species composition and natural regeneration status at community level. Besides, utilization pattern of the species was assessed through interviews and interactions with local people of nearby villages. Forty seven woody species (26 trees; 21 shrubs) belonging to 25 families and 33 genera, and 6 forest communities viz., Pinus roxburghii- Quercus leucotrichophora mixed, Pinus roxburghii, Pinus roxburghii- Rhododendron arboreum mixed, Cedrus deodara- Pinus wallichiana mixed, Cedrus deodara- Rhododendron arboreum mixed and Rhododendron arboreum- Quercus leucotrichophora mixed, have been recorded in 16 sites between 1482- 2200 m asl. Among the communities, total tree density ranged from 263.34-1493.33 Ind ha-1, TBA 260.2- 310.7 m2 ha-1 and total shrub density 488.3- 4250 Ind ha-1. All the communities showed optimum regeneration of dominant species. Total seedlings density ranged from 280-2470.0 Ind ha-1 and saplings density 140-446.7 Ind ha-1. R. arboreum – C. deodara showed maximum regeneration in terms of higher seedling and sapling density in this community. Species diversity (H’) for trees ranged from 0.58-1.89, saplings 0.65-2.10, seedlings 0.15-2.24 and shrubs 1.09-2.10. Concentration of dominance (cd) of trees ranged from 0.20-0.76, saplings 0.14-0.54, seedlings 0.13-0.93 and shrubs 0.15-0.43. Soil moisture per cent ranged from 15.14-27.44%, pH 6.3- 6.6, organic carbon from 1.09- 1.39%, nitrogen from 937.43 -1202.49 kg/ha, phosphorus from 16.43- 31.36 kg/ha and potassium from 238.5- 351.00 kg/ha. Utilization pattern showed that all the recorded species have high economic importance for the local inhabitants. 23 species were used commonly for medicine, 22 as wild edible, 17 for fuel, 23 for fodder etc. Among all the species, leaves (33 spp.) were most usable parts of the species. Maximum medicinal plant and fodder species were found in C. deodara- Rhododendron arboreum mixed and edible species in Pinus roxburghii community. Considerable number (32 species) of Himalayan native and endemic (endemic: 01 & near endemic: 09) species were recorded from the area showing its conservation value. Maximum native (n=23) and near endemic species (n=7) were found in C. deodara- R. arboreum mixed community. In a nutshell, the study provides information on floristic inventory, compositional and structural diversity at community level, regeneration status, indigenous uses and diversity of native and endemic species for the very first time in the selected area. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the area has high potential in terms of high number of native, endemic and economically important species. Results of the present study can be used for development of conservation management and micro planning of this areas and thus, socio-economic development of the inhabitants in particular and biodiversity of the Himalaya, in general.