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Subject: Forest Product and Utilisation ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Marketing and livelihood assessment of Hill Bamboo Based Products in Western Himalayan region of India
    (College of Forestry, Ranichauri Campus, V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, 2022) Pundir, Smriti; Vasishth, Amol (Dr.); Ahmad, Taufiq(Dr.) (Co-advisor)
    The present study entitled “Marketing and livelihood assessment of Hill Bamboo based products in Western Himalayan region of India” was conducted to study the socio-economic profile and livelihood support of hill bamboo artisans, marketing channels adopted by hill bamboo artisans along with marketing constraints and topropose the marketing strategies. The data for the present investigation pertains to the year 2021 was collected from 60 hill bamboo artisans during the month of August to October. The data collection was done using pre-tested questionnaire. The results of the study indicated that preparing of traditional hill bamboo handicrafts is an age-old practice as a source of livelihood for scheduled caste families and were mostly educated up to primary school, had small and joint families. Most of the artisans had earning between Rs. 2001- 2500 from hill bamboo activities. 86.67 percent preferred farming to Hill bamboo activity as their primary source of income whereas 13.33 percent of the artisans preferred Hill bamboo activity to farming. In marketing of products two marketing channels were identified viz., Channel- I artisan ⤑ consumer and Channel –II artisan ⤑ retailer⤑ consumer or artisan⤑ wholesaler ⤑ consumer. Majority of artisans preferred channel-I to channelize their products to the end consumer. The major problem faced by artisan families in marketing their products were, irregularity in demand, fluctuation in price of the products and lack of transportation facilities. 70 percent of the artisan were not aware about information and current market price of the products. Majority of artisan families suggested to provide transportation facilities and training programs to the artisans. On the basis of the results it is suggested that, to improve marketing system and socioeconomic condition of artisan families MSP formulation, promotion of hill bamboo products, providing marketing workshops with the cooperation of the government is essential in the study area.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on Phytosociology and Ethnobotany in Kotdwara Range of Lansdowne Forest Division of Garhwal Himalaya
    (College of Forestry, Ranichauri Campus, V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, 2022) Kukreti, Anushri; Vasishth, Amol (Dr.)
    The present study was carried out in Kotdwara Range of Lansdowne Forest Division of the Garhwal Himalaya at an altitude of 300–900 m asl to study quantitative analysis of vegetation, ethno - botanical uses by local inhabitants and socio-economic status of Gujjar tribes. It was carried out during the year 2020-2021.under this study, 40 quadrates each of size 10×10m for trees and 5×5 m size for shrubs were laid out randomly in each Forest beat. Among all the forest beats, total 15 plants species were observed which included 11 species of trees and 4 species of shrubs. However the most dominant species of all the forest beat was Acacia catechu in Roopdevgarh Forest beat (300.0) followed by Tectona grandis (320 trees ha-1) in Shukhro while Bombax ceiba had the lowest density (10.0 trees ha-1) found in Khairgadi Forest beat ). Among the shrub species, Murraya koenigii has recorded highest density (400.0 shrubs ha-1) in Khairagadi Forest beat and Lantana camara has lowest density (30.0 shrubs ha-1) in Lalpani beat. The IVI of tree species of different beats ranged from 7.7 to 300.0. Acacia catechu registered the maximum IVI in Roopdevgarh (300.0) and Bombax ceiba had the minimum IVI (7.7) in Khairgadi beat. The IVI of shrub species of different beats ranged from 31.6 to 164.4. The highest value of IVI was recorded in Murraya koenigii (229.4) in Shukho beat and the least IVI was found in Calotropis gigantea (46.9) in Roopdevgarh beat. The present study reveals that out of 59 plant species, 30 trees, 15 herbs, 9 shrubs, and 5 climbers were found. It was observed that tribal peoples use plant parts for both the prevention and treatment of various diseases and disorders in themselves and their pets, such as fever, wounds, skin diseases, diabetes and high blood pressure. In the present study of the socio-economic status of Gujjar tribe, the majority proportion of the represented were male (60%) followed by female (40%) and most of the population was represented by the middle age group (75%) followed by the old age group (15%) and the young group (10%). In terms of marriage status, the majority of the numbers were married people (80%) followed by unmarried (15%) and the widow category (5%). The majority of the tribes live in nuclear families (60%) as compared to joint families (40%). Their livelihoods depend mainly on livestock rearing. Some of the major problems identified in the tribes are lack of education, lack of proper sources of income, lack of proper housing, lack of availability of markets and conflicts with wild animals. The study suggested that there is an urgent need for training of the Gujjar tribes for awareness of different schemes regarding health, education, and plant resources for proper conservation and sustainable utilization of resources.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ethnobotany and consumption patterns of fuelwood and fodder species at different altitude of Narendra Nagar Block of Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
    (College of Forestry, Ranichauri Campus, V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, 2022) Singh, Naresh; Riyal, Manoj, Kumar(Dr.); Butola, B.S.(Dr.) (Co-Advisor)
    The present investigation was conducted in three different altitudes lower (700-1200 m asl), Middle (1200-1700 m asl), and Upper (1700-2200 m asl)) of Narendra Nagar Block of Tehri Garhwal district. The study was proposed to assess ethnobotanical uses of plants, Fuelwood, and fodder consumption patterns of different studied altitudes. A questionnaire survey was done in 135 households (45 at each altitude). A total of 62 ethnobotanical plant species belonging to 54 genera of 36 families were recorded and the largest proportion of ethnobotanical plants was represented by trees (56.45 %), followed by shrubs (24.19 %), herbs (16.12 %), and climbers (3.22 %). Leaves are the most commonly used plant parts accounting for 30 species (32.25 %).. The average fuelwood consumption 2.32, 3.40 and 3.69 kg /day/household. The fodder consumption value of 19.06, 20.55, and 21.54 kg/ cattle/day in lower, middle, and upper elevations respectively .The current study reveals that strengthening the existing agroforestry system could enhance environmental conditions and in middle altitude where the miscellaneous forest is existing reforestation and afforestation program should be implemented by planting multipurpose and valuable tree species.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL MUSHROOM (Ganoderma lucidum) IN DIFFERENT TREE SPECIES OF GARHWAL HIMALAYA, INDIA
    (College of Forestry, Ranichauri Campus, V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, 2021) KUMAR, MANEESH; Bijalwan, Arvind(Dr.)
    Ganoderma lucidum is a well-known medicinal mushroom having a long history of its medicinal uses across the globe. It grows saprophytically or parasitically on the large variety of dead or dying broad-leaf trees species throughout the world. The present study titled “Comparative study on cultivation of medicinal mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) in different tree species of Garhwal Himalaya, India” is aimed to the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum mushroom on different tree species; Peach (Prunus persica), Plum (Prunus domestica), Apricot (Prunus armeniaca), Oak (Quercus leucotrichophora), Bhimal (Grewia optiva) and Poplar (Populus deltoides) billets/logs with different diameters; D-1 (4-5cm), D-2 (5-6cm) and D-3 (6-7cm). The investigation consisted of eighteen treatments comprising above described six wood species with three diameters of each species in two factorial completely randomized designs with three replications of each treatment. Different growth performance parameters (mycelial colonization, pinhead formation, cap formation, fruiting body formation and harvesting) were studied and the minimum time for harvesting was observed in wood billets of Bhimal and Apricot species. Physical properties parameters (pinhead length, number of pinheads, cap diameter, stipe length, fruiting body diameter and physical appearance of fruiting bodies) were also observed with the highest fruiting body diameter in wood billets of Oak and Bhimal species. Yield parameters (fresh weight, dry weight, biological efficiency and number of fruiting bodies obtained) were recorded with the wood billets of Oak and Bhimal species having maximum fresh and dry weight of fruiting bodies while the highest biological efficiency was obtained in wood billets of Poplar and oak species. The overall findings of present study suggested that Ganoderma lucidum mushroom grow well on Oak, Bhimal and Poplar wood billets as compared to Apricot, Plum and Peach wood billets.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of growth and yield performance of Aloe barbadensis Miller. genotypes in Garhwal Himalayan region of Uttarakhand
    (College of Forestry, Ranichauri Campus, V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, 2021) ROY, MAITRY; Vasishth, Amol (Dr.); Bijalwan, Arvind(Dr.) (Co-advisor)
    The present investigation was carried out to study the morphological and yield variability in aloe vera and to identify the genotypes suitable for mid hills of Uttarakhand. Fifteen genotypes of Aloe barbadensis were planted in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Significant variations were recorded among these genotypes for morphological and yield attributes. Among the fifteen genotypes, IC-111280 and IC-471889 showed better performance than other for most of the parameters. Out of these, IC- 111280 showed best performance in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, number of suckers per plant, number of thorns per leaf, plant weight, number of harvestable leaves per plant, gel weight per plant, peel weight per plant, leaf weight per plant. The difference between phenotypic coefficient of variance and genotypic coefficient of variance for all of the characters was narrow which clarifies that the variability that exists between them is mainly because of the difference in their genetic makeup suggesting that variation due to environment is low. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for plant weight, leaf weight per plant and gel weight per plant indicating additive genetic control for these traits. Thus selection based on these phenotypic characters can be used for breeding. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficient showed that gel weight per plant had positive and significant correlation with plant height, number of leaves and number of thorns per leaf. Positive and significant correlation of characters with gel weight is important for crop improvement. Among the fifteen genotypes, IC-111280 and IC-471889 gave 58.8 and 57.9 % higher gel yield, respectively than the check (mean of genotypes). Therefore genotypes IC-111280 and IC-471889 can be promoted among the farmers of mid hill of Uttarakhand for Aloe vera cultivation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of plant growth regulators and growing media on growth performance of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Lavandula angustifolia L. cuttings
    (College of Forestry, Ranichauri Campus, V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, 2021) PANDEY, VARSHA; Vasishth, Amol (Dr.); Lal, Pankaj(Co-Advisor)
    Title: “Effect of plant growth regulators and growing media on growth performance of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Lavandula angustifolia L. cuttings.” The present investigation was conducted in Medicinal and Aromatic plants section of College of Forestry, V.C.S.G Uttarakahand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, during September 2019 to March 2020 to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators and growing media on growth performance of Stevia and Lavender. Different concentrations (1000 ppm, 1500 ppm, 2000 ppm & 2500 ppm) of IBA and NAA significantly affected the growth performance of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Lavandula angustifolia L. In case of Stevia, 2000 ppm IBA recorded the maximum survival percentage (80.66%), number of roots (52.33), root length (23.65 cm) rooting percentage (84.33%), fresh weight of roots (6.69 gm) and dry weight of roots (1.00 gm) while 2000 ppm NAA recorded maximum number of sprouts (9.88), number of leaves (39.21), fresh weight of shoots (14.32 gm) and dry weight of shoots (1.12 gm) at 180 DAP whereas in Lavender 2000 ppm IBA concentration recorded the maximum survival percentage (76.33%), number of leaves (50.66), number of roots (44.99), root length (20.87 cm), rooting percentage (78.66%), fresh weight of roots (2.0 gm) and dry weight of roots (0.96 gm) while 2000 ppm NAA recorded maximum number of sprouts (10.44), fresh weight of shoots (7.74 gm) and dry weight of shoots (1.02 gm) at 180 DAP. Different growing media (Coco peat, Vermicompost and soil) significantly affected the growth performance of Stevia and Lavender cuttings. In case of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni soil and coco peat mixture (1:1) recorded maximum survival percentage (79.33 %), root length (17.90 cm), number of roots (44.66), rooting percentage (80.33%), fresh weight of shoots (12.13 gm) and dry weight of shoots (1.01 gm) while cocopeat and vermicompost mixture (1:1) recorded maximum number of sprouts (8.55) number of leaves (35.99), fresh weight of roots (3.03 gm) and dry weight of roots (0.9 gm) per cuttings at 180 DAP. In Lavandula angustifolia L. cocopeat and vermicompost mixture (1:1) recorded maximum survival percentage (80.66 %), number of leaves (44.77), number of roots (50.77), fresh weight of shoots (7.17 gm) and dry weight (1.01gm) of shoots while soil and cocopeat mixture (1:1) recorded maximum number of sprouts (8.44), root length (19.66 cm) rooting percentage (77.66%) fresh weight of roots (2.00 gm) and dry weight of roots (1.01 gm) at 180 DAP. The study concluded that application of IBA and NAA in Stevia and Lavander cuttings enhanced the growth performance but IBA of 2000 ppm concentration and NAA 2000 ppm showed better performance. While in case of growing media, soil and cocopeat mixture and cocopeat and vermicompost mixture showed better growth performance in both the aromatic plants.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDY OF INTERPOPULATION VARIATIONS IN ESSENTIAL OIL YIELD AND MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF Tagetes minuta L. IN GARHWAL HIMALAYA
    (College of Forestry, Ranichauri Campus, V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, 2020) TEWARI, SUMIT; Vasishth, Amol (Dr.)
    The present investigation was carried out to study the extent of variation in Tagetes minuta L. populations in Garhwal Himalayan region during 2018-2019 in College of Forestry, Ranichauri. The seeds were collected from 14 populations across Garhwal Himalayan region from four districts of Uttarakhand. The variations among populations for morphological and germination parameters of seeds were studied under laboratory conditions. The seeds were sown in polyhouse and later transplanted to field to study the variations among populations for morphological and yield parameters. Based on morphological and yield parameters, heritability and genetic gain were estimated. Simple correlation was also worked out among the morphological and yield parameters and also with geographical characteristics of the populations. Significant variations were reported for all the germination parameters with Chinyali Saur population standing the best with maximum germination percentage which was 54.74 % higher than the Sainda population. The populations of T. minuta were uniformly same in qualitative morphological features. Significant variations were observed for many morphological characters among the populations. Number of main branches per plant and terminal leaflet width were the most variable characters among the morphological characters. Yield parameters also revealed significant variations among different populations. The Barsu population excelled in terms of maximum useful yield parameters. The useful biomass, essential oil content and essential oil yield at full-flowering stage were 7.48, 52.04 and 55.16 % higher than that at pre-flowering stage. In contrast, stem biomass at full-bloom stage decreased (8.25 %) as compared to pre-flowering stage. High genetic gain along with high heritability, PCV and GCV were observed for number of main branches per plant. Significant and positive correlations were found between essential oil yield and plant height, collar diameter and leaf length at both the stages. Altitude did not affect morphological and yield parameters, however, latitude and longitude had significant and positive relationship with some morphological and yield parameters. The Chinyali Saur, Gangnani and Barsu were prominent populations in terms of biomass and oil yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of oleoresin yield in Pinus roxburghii Sargent using tapping methods and chemical stimulants in Garhwal Himalayas
    (College of Forestry, Ranichauri Campus, V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, 2020) DEOPA, VAISHALI; Vasishth, Amol (Dr.); Kumar, Ajay (Dr.) (Co-advisor)
    ABSTRACT Name: Vaishali Deopa Id. No.: U.U.H.F./18352 Year of Admission: 2018 Degree: M.Sc. Forestry (Forest Products and Utilization) Main subject: M.Sc. Forestry Department: Forest Products and Utilization Advisor: Dr. Amol Vasishth (Associate Professor / HOD Forest Products and Utilization) Institute: College of Forestry, Ranichauri, Tehri-Garhwal. Topic: “Assessment of oleoresin yield in Pinus roxburghii Sargent using tapping methods and chemical stimulants in Garhwal Himalayas” The field experiments were conducted at ‘A’ block of College of Forestry, Ranichauri in the year 2019 to estimate the oleoresin yield of Pinus roxburghii Sargent using two methods of tapping (borehole and rill), in factorial RBD with three replications. Each experiment had 90 treatment combinations consisting of three factorsviz., three diameter classes viz. 30-35 cm, 35-40 cm and 40-45 cm, five chemical stimulants concentration viz. C1 (no chemical stimulant), C2 (10%Ethephon + 20%H2SO4), C3 (15%Ethephon + 25%H2SO4),C4 (20%Ethephon + 30%H2SO4)C5 (25%Ethephon + 35%H2SO4) andobservations wererecorded from Aprilto September months. The correlation coefficient between morphological parameters and oleoresin yield and between environmental factors and oleoresin yield were also analyzed. The highest oleoresin yield (553 g/tree/month) was obtained from the tree diameter class of D3 (40-45 cm) in the month of June with the use of chemical stimulant C4(20%Ethephon + 30%H2SO4) in borehole method and in tree diameter class of D3 (40-45 cm) in the month of June with the use of chemical stimulant C3(15%Ethephon + 25%H2SO4) in rill method (587 g/tree/month). The oleoresin yield under rill method was recorded significantly higher than borehole. The maximum resin yield of 1696 g/tree/season was recorded in rill method which was 19.9% higher than the borehole method.The interaction of tapping method, tree diameter class and chemical stimulant were found significant. The significantly higher oleoresin yield (2993 g/tree/season) was obtained in the rill method of tapping in tree diameter class of D3 (40-45 cm) along with chemical stimulants of C3 (15% ethephon + 25% H2SO) which was found at par with the oleoresin yield in borehole tapping method (2793 g/tree/season) in tree diameter class of D3 (40-45 cm) with chemical stimulants of C4 (20% ethephon + 30% H2SO4).The positive and highly significant correlation coefficient was found between tree height and oleoresin yield, diameter of trees and oleoresin yield,temperature and oleoresin yield and evaporation andoleoresin yield. The rill method is known to provide higher yield of oleoresin than the borehole method but rill method causes more damage to the trees and induce more fire incidences. Therefore, adoption of borehole method is more ecofriendly. Therefore, borehole method with the application of chemical stimulant C4 (20% ethephon + 30% H2SO4) in the trees having 40-45 cm d.b.h. during the tapping season i.e. April to September can be adopted than the rill method of tapping.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Entomological and pathological agents on the vegetative propagation, growth and yield of Natural and Nursery population of Hippophae salicifolia D.Don.
    (College of Forestry, Ranichauri, V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, 2017-07) Charan, G S; Khanduri, V.P. (Dr.)
    An investigative study was conducted for one year to investigate the effect of entomological and pathological agents on the vegetative propagation, growth and yield of Natural and Nursery population of Hippophae salicifolia D.Don. Invasive pests that gained entry into this cold arid region of India have cost catastrophic damage on commercial agriculture, horticulture crops and forest trees. Out of three fungal pathogens isolated i.e. C1 (isolated from cambium), R1 (Isolated from primary root) and R2 (isolated from secondary root), R2 seems to the fast growing species followed by R1 and C1. Only C1 produced honey dew like droplets on the surface of hyphal mass and showed slight alteration of colour from brilliant white to slightly yellowish white. Though the damage and effects of these fungal species on the vegetative propagation of Hippophae cuttings of four month experiment period could not be quantified because of the complexity of the diseases. Only about 4.51% of the 288 cuttings survived as healthy five month old seedlings. The variation of rooting media (8 substrates) or the rooting hormone concentrations (3 ppm concentrations) did not influence any advantage for the Hippophae cuttings for healthy and infection free growth. Mountain areas of Yamunothri regions are characterized by inaccessibility, fragility, marginality, diversity, niches and adaptation mechanisms. Insects like Aphids, Psyllid Bug, Heartwood Borer, Altica beetle, Plant Hopper, Phytophagus Caterpillar and Ground Beetle where recorded in association with the Hippophae salicifolia in Yamunotri region and Forest Nursery, Ranichauri, either causing considerable damage to the growth or yield or simply associated ecologically as a part of complex web of nature. Predatory mite was also recorded feeding on aphid and plant hopper nymphs. Damage by Aphids and Plant hoppers was observed to be very high due to change in moisture balance of the conduction tissue. With increasing temperature and decreasing rainfall in Yamunotri region, the pest population would only increase.