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Subject: Plant Biotechnology ×

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 27
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on development of wine produced from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit juices
    (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-02-04) Ingawale, Balaji Suresh; Surve, V.D.
    Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a member of the Punicaceae family and is native to the Middle East, most likely Iran. It has been utilized as a medicine in the Middle East, Iran, and India due to its antimicrobial properties and health benefits. Fruit consumption has been linked to the protection of oxidative stress-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and dementia. The majority of these biological effects are attributed to anthocyanins, catechins, tannins, Gallic and ellagic acids. The exponential growth in pomegranate cultivation area in the country in general and Maharashtra in particular, combined with improved productivity, has resulted in massive pomegranate production in recent years. Pomegranate juice contains a lot of sugar, therefore it can make good wine by converting sugar to alcohol and giving it a nice color and appearance. The research was undertaken to study the fermentation performance for juices of three major pomegranate varieties (Bhagwa, Ganesh and Arakta) grown in Maharashtra for their utilization in wine making. The biochemical profile and bioactive compounds in pomegranate juice and wine were determined. TSS (°B) values of different varieties of pomegranate were 16.10, 17.10 and 15.80 for Bhagwa, Ganesh and Arakta respectively. The reducing sugars are major component of pomegranate sugars comprising of 96.89%, 98.56% and 93.71% of total sugars for Bhagwa, Ganesh and Arakta respectively. The Arakta juice had high amount of bioactive compounds such as the phenolics, anthocyanins, flavonoids followed by Bhagwa and Ganesh. The fermentation of the wines of the Bhagwa, Ganesh and Arakta completed in the twenty one days period with reduction in TSS and sugars during the fermentation process. The yeast cell growth cell count during fermentation shown the distinctive log, stationary and death phase. The total phenols, anthocyanin content, flavonoid content and consequent antioxidant capacity of pomegranate wine of the Arakta is higher followed by Bhagwa and Arakta. The developed wines from Bhagwa, Ganesh and Arakta had the ethanol content (13.27 to 13.65%), residual sugar (6.81 to 8.42 %) and can be categorized as natural sweet wines. During fermentation the L* and b* values were increased for all wines increased lightness and yellowness. The a* values (redness) in wines were increased for Bhagwa and Arakta and decreased for Ganesh. The presence of large number of volatile compounds viz. (esters, alcohols, acids, alkanes, olefins, diole, aldehydes) in pomegranate wine as compared to that of the juice can be attributed to the yeast metabolism and fermentation. The Arakta wine was found to be the best acceptable wine followed by the Bhagwa and Ganesh in sensory evaluation for parameters such as color, aroma, taste, and style.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of sauvignon blanc and manjari naveen wines
    (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2021-11-30) Tonge, Pooja Balasaheb; Surve, V.D.
    An investigation was undertaken to prepare wines from the pure and blended juices of Sauvignon Blanc (wine grapes variety) with Manjari Naveen table grapes varieties. The present study was conducted at ICAR- National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune (M.S.) during the fruiting season of 2020- 2021. Juices were prepared from sound berries of bunches harvested at proper maturity. The juices were blended according to plan and wines were prepared following standard procedure of vinification. The prepared wines were evaluated for pysico- chemical, aromatic and sensory properties after two racking of one month at 8-10 °C. Wines were very dried type. Prepared wines contained an alcohol range of 11.48 to 12.75 per cent. Acidity, volatile acidity and pH of these wines were within acceptable limit. Aroma compounds studies showed presence of few compounds in either Sauvignon Blanc or Manajri Naveen wine, and these were absent in wines prepared from blended juices. While many aroma compounds were available on all wines. These compounds were mainly related to aroma notes generally present in commercial wines. Wine prepared from T7 (blending of 50:50) attained maximum score of 5 point hedonic scale and registered with 4.7 score in overall acceptability. Based on results obtained from this study, a blending of 50:50 (T7) was found more suitable. This will give improved version of wines to consumers. However, there is need to work on other important factors like bunch load per vine, pruning time, rootstock, terrior effect, suitable TSS levels for harvesting, vinification practices, etc.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Identification of heat tolerant traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes by physio-molecular markers
    (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2021-11-29) More, Kalyani Dattatrey; Bharose, A.A.
    In the present study, ten wheat genotypes (Triticumaestivum L.) were evaluated for heat tolerance under normal and late sowing. One biochemical i.e chlorophyll content and five agronomic traits i.e days to heading, spike length, 1000per grain weight, plant height, grain yield were recorded and which shows positive correlation associated with high temperature of the wheat at 42/25ºC. The genetic diversity was assessed among genotypes based on phenotypic data, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and seven simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers, representatives of ten wheat chromosomes. Ten wheat (Triticumaestivum) genotypes were screened by 10 SSR primers. Out of 10 primers 7 primers amplified and four primers amplified unique bands which are related to the heat tolerant. Eight RAPD markers were used to assess genetic diversity amongst the wheat genotypes. Seven SSR primers were related to heat tolerant were found to be polymorphic. Amongst the 118 amplicon, 68 amplicons were found to be polymorphic showing 58.88% polymorphism using seven SSR primers. Unique amplicon produced by four primers found to be polymorphic for heat stress and two SSR polymorphic primers showing 100% polymorphism. The four primers GWM-140, WMC- 156, WMC-198, and GWM-133 produced unique amplicons related to heat tolerant trait in wheat. Eight RAPD related to assess the genetic diversity, produces the 260 amplicons in that 200 amplicons were found to be polymorphic showing 73.71 percent polymorphism using RAPD primer and two RAPD primer showing 100% polymorphism. The value of polymorphic information content (PIC) of S133 and S138 primer were found to be most informative with the PIC value 0.31 and 0.93 respectively, which indicates significantly diversity between all wheat genotypes. 7 SSR primers showed 58.88% polymorphism with an average PIC value 0.35 percent.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Molecular characterization of pseudocercospora species causing sigatoka disease complex in banana (musa spp.)
    (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2021-08-31) Choudante, Sakshi Sunil; Chavhan, R.L.
    Banana (Musa spp.) is an important horticultural crop in the World. It is themostdeliciousfruitconsumedastablepurposeaswellasculinaryfruit.However,duetonarrow genetic pool, banana plants are more prone to various diseases. The diseases,Sigatoka disease caused by Pseudocercospora species is threatening banana plantationsatMaharashtraandotherbanana growingstatesof India.Studiesareconductedwiththeaim to identify genetic diversity among various member species of Pseudocercosporaacross various geographical locations. Among 36 isolates collected from different statesof India, 13 isolates were confirmed as members of P. musicola species using species-specific primer. The cultural and morphological characterization study showed widevariations with respect to mycelial colour, pigmentation, and growth pattern. Based onmorphological characterization, 13 isolates were categorized into three distinct groupsnamely fast, moderate and slow growing isolates. During molecular characterization, 29(RAPD)randomprimersand18ISSRprimerswerescreenedand,amongwhich5RAPDand6ISSRprimershavegeneratedreproducibleandscorablebandingpatternrespectively. The RAPD andISSR marker data analysis represented 67% to 87%.Genetic similarity among 13 members of P. musicola. The cluster analysis based onsimilarity matrix data could categorize 13 isolates into two major groups. Study isconcluded with the presence of high degrees of genetically variable population withinmember species P. musicola and two-way marker system (RAPD+ISSR) was foundeffectiveindiscriminatingthememberpopulationofP.musicolaspeciescollectedfrombanana growingregion ofIndia.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of soybean [Glycine max (L.)] genotypes using productivity traits and molecular markers
    (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2021-08-31) Waghole, Gayatri Sambhaji; Bhagat, Y.S.
    Soybean(GlycinemaxL.)isconsideredasoneofthemostnourishingfoodduetoitshighproteincontentwhichalsomeetsrequirementsofalltheessential amino acid to support normal growth and development of individuals. It alsoofferseconomic empowermenttothefarmersdue toits usesfar beyondfood andfeed. Thus, it is important to identify soybean genotypes with superior characters forpre-breeding activities. This study focused on assessing the phenotypic variability andgeneticdiversityofsoybeangenotypesusingproductivitytraitsandmolecularmarkers. Ten soybean genotypes exhibited significant differences for productivitytraits viz., days required for flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of podsper plant and test weight. The number of days required for flowering was significantlylesser in genotype, AMS 2014-1. It is also identified for higher plant height andmaximumnumberofpodsperplant.Thegenotype,JS93-05wasobservedforitsearlymaturity.Thissuggeststheabovesoybeangenotypescouldbepotentiallyusedin soybean breeding activities. The soybean genotypes were genotyped with SSRmarkersinordertorevealgeneticdiversity.Thehighpolymorphiccontentwasreportedthatrangedfrom0.50to0.85.Thegeneticsimilaritycoefficientbetweenten Key words: Soybean, productivity traits, molecular markers, genetic diversity soybean genotypes was ranged in between 0.34 to 1.00. Highest genetic similarity(1.00) was found between AMS 2014-3 and MACS-1676, whereas lowest geneticsimilarity (0.34) was found between AMS 2016-1 and MACS 1701. Cluster analysisrevealed ten soybean genotypes were separated into four main clusters indicating theirdiversity. This study identified superior genotype i.e. AMS 2014-1 for yield and yieldattributingtraitsprovidingbetteropportunitiesfordevelopinghighseedyieldingcultivars in future breeding programme. The SSR markers used in this study would beveryusefulforsoybeangermplasmanalysis,populationgeneticstructureandphylogeneticrelationships.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation and characterization of the initial varietal trial of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) using morphological and molecular markers
    (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2021-08-31) Jadhav, Balaji Chandrakant; Dudhare, M.S.
    Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) also called as linseed, is an annual herb which is the third largest natural fiber crop and one of the five major oil crops in the world Initial varietal trial (IVT) entries would be used for morphological and molecular characterization. In the present study the investigation done on linseed morphology and molecular screening it is observed that the earliest first flower was observed in RL 15594 (31 days), late flowerwas observed in BRLS 103 (49 days), days to 50 % flowering range was observed from41 days(RL 15594) to68 days (JLS 95 (ZC-III)), the tallest plant was observed in SLS 128 (80cm) and smallest plant height was observed inRL 15594 (41cm) lines. The no of primary branches per plant varied from in the collection of overall mean of 2.82. Maximum number of primary branch recorded in Sharda (ch)(6)andlowestinTL 114(1). Minimum number of capsule per plant was observed inDLV 10 (24 capsule/plant) and maximum no of capsules per plant was observed in IA 32 (ch) (96 capsule/plant). Maximum number of seeds of the capsule was found inDLV 10(10seed/capsule)genotype while the minimum no of seeds in the capsule was observed inRL 15594 (5 seed/capsule). TL 114 (4.23gm) lines recorded lowest test weight andBRLS 103(8.92gm)lines show the highest weight. Out of 21 lines JLS 95 (ZC-III), LMS 2017-R-8, PKVNL 367, DLV 6, SLS 128show white in colour and remaining 16 lines shows in blue colour. The present SSR primers investigation revealed that genotypes BAU 14-03 and Sharda (ch) (23%) were found to be the most diverse and primer LU-10 (0.79) and LU-9 (0.78) showed highest PIC value and show the 100% polymorphism and ISSR investigation revealed that genotypes SLS 127 and SLS 128 (25%) were found to be the most diverse and primer UBC-825(0.29) and UBC-815(0.24) showed highest PIC value and show the 100% polymorphism.The present morphological analysis revealed that most dissimilar genotypes viz., BAU 14-03-T 397 (NC), RLC175-JLS 95 (ZC-III) 12% were noticed.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of hybrid purity in maize (zea mays L.) by using molecular markers
    (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2019-08-07) Shinde, Nalini Arun; Bharose, A.A.
    Maize (Zea mays L.; 2n=20) is third most important cereal crop and referred as the “Queen of Cereals” and “Miracle Crop” due to its high productivity potential as compared to the other cereals. Maize is native to Mexico and Central America.Maize is the most important crops in the world that can be grown in diverse seasons, ecologies it is used mainly for human food, animal feed and industry. In the present investigation, maize hybrid (Hyd.18227×Hyd.10306)along with their female parental line (Hyd.18227) and male parental line (Hyd.10306) were screened with agro morphological, biochemical and molecular markers. The cross was chosen to study the heterosis in yield related agro morphological characters of maize. F1 plants showed significant relative positive heterosis for grain yield per plant (19.88%) and positive heterobeltiosis for kernel row number (17.64). Protein fingerprinting in maize hybrid and their parental lines was characterized on 12% SDS polyacrylamide gel. A total of 11 protein bands were recorded, of which, male and female band (Type 2 and3 markers) of Rm value 0.663 and Rm value 0.718 with molecular weight 13.236 kDa and 11.491 kDa, respectively to confirming the heterozygosity of the cross. This work was carried out to assess the hybrid purity of maize and their parental lines by using 24 RAPD and 18 SSR markers. Out of 15 RAPD primers and five SSR makersshowed the polymorphism between the maize parental lines and remaining primer produced monomorphic banding pattern. The RAPD and SSR markers observed with polymorphic percentage 37.45 % and 25 % respectively. The average PIC value was observed 0.194 for RAPDand 0.099for SSR.The SSR primer Umc-1858 identified 64% hybrid seeds of total cross.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of cotton (gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes for fiber quality traits by using molecular markers
    (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2019-08-07) Sarode, Dipak Kacharu; Sharma, K.M.
    Cotton (Gossypium spp.) the white gold is the world’s leading natural textile fibre and also knownas "King of fibres” is one of the best gifts that nature bestowed on mankind. In the present study, twenty five cotton (GossypiumhirsutumL.)genotypes were screened bytwenty SSR primers reported to be linked to fiber quality QTLs/part of it.(Fiber length, Fiber strength and Micronaire).ElevenRAPD and six ISSR markers were also used to assess genetic diversity amongst the cotton genotypes.Eight SSR primers primersrelated with fiber length ware found to be polymorphic. One fiber length specific primer (JESPR-305) was found to be monomorphic in all genotypes. Amongstthe 251 amplicon, 226 amplicon were found to be polymorphic showing 88.88% polymorphism using nine SSR primer. Nine primers were found to be polymorphic for fiber strength scoring a total of 230 polymorphicampliconshowing 100% polymorphism. The two primer (BNL-1047 and CIR-413) specific to macronaire value reported 100 % polymorphism. An average value of polymorphic information contain (PIC)of fiber length specific 9 primer was 0.274 and 0.430for fiber strength specific SSR marker.The CIR-246 and CIR-381 primer were found to be most informative with the PIC value 0.74 and 0.78 respectively which indicates significantly diversity between all genotypes for fiber quality (Fiber length and fiber strength). Nine RAPD primers showed 86.41 % polymorphism with an average PIC value 0.410, whereas six ISSR primers resulted84.24% polymorphism with anaverage PIC value of 0.237.The combine similarity matrix based on SSR, RAPD and ISSR similarity coefficient ranged from 0.61 to 0.91 indicating the fact that large proportions of genotype were dissimilar. The present study revealed that genotypes BN-1, PH-348, and ARB-908 for fibre quality were found to be the most diverse having a broad genetic base for the concerned fibre traits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Molecular characterization and identification of candidate markers for seed hardness in soybean (glycine max (L.) merr.)
    (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2019-08-09) Likitha. V; Dethe, A.M.
    The present investigation was carried out at Vilasrao Deshmukh College of Agricultural Biotechnology, Latur (M.S.) with a view to characterize and validate the DNA markers linked to seed hardness traits at molecular-level in a given soybean germplasm during 2018-19. Efforts were made to study DNA polymorphism via SSR and ISSR markers linked to seed hardness in the given set of soybean accessions. The study revealed significant genotypic differences for the hardness related traits evaluated in RBD indicated considerable amount of variations among these accessions. These 36 soybean accessions were further grouped as soft, slightly hard and hard categories on the basis of seed hardness and also categorized as light, intermediate and heavy for test weight. Significant genetic diversity was observed among the analyzed soybean accessions, revealed by both UPGMA and PCA analysis. The SSR analysis yielded 87.50% polymorphism with corresponding 411 amplicons, whereas ISSR analysis yielded 83.81% polymorphism with 961 amplicons. PIC value ranged from 0.05 (Satt547) to 0.99 (Satt341) for SSR with an average PIC value of 0.56 per primer. For ISSR, PIC value ranged from 0.11(UBC826) to 0.68 (ISSR09) with an average PIC value of 0.47 per primer. The genetic distances ranged from 0.31 to 0.50 with an average of 0.36 among these thirty-six soybean accessions. Thus, the most polymorphic and seed hardness-linked informative candidate markers namely, Satt341, Sat_392, Satt531, Satt153, Satt586 and Satt313, were identified and validated in the given germplasm of Glycine max towards presence of such positive QTLs/ loci. The elite accessions (i.e. Cat2047 and Cat1398) revealed significantly with high test weight and low seed hardness values can be directly used as donor parent(s) in the empirical soybean breeding program.