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2016 - 20194
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Subject: Veterinary Anatomy and Histology ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL, CYTOCHEMICAL, CYTOENZYMIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON BLOOD CELLS OF EMU
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Kumar, Kundan; Mehta, Suresh
    The present study was conducted on blood cells of twelve healthy adult emu birds. The formed element includes erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes. The leucocytes can be further classified into granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils) and agranulocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes). The erythrocytes were nucleated, oval to elongated in shape and were 15.20 ± 0.16μm in length and 8.11 ± 0.18m in width. The nuclei were centrally placed and rounded, oval to elongated in shape. The heterophils were almost rounded to spherical in shape and measured 12.53 ± 0.14 m in diameter. The nuclei were mostly 2-4 lobed and varied in shape, size and number. Nuclei were eccentrically placed and connected with very thin and fine strands. The eosinophils were largest in size and slightly elongated to round in shape with size of 12.78 ± 0.13 m in diameter. The nuclei of eosinophils were eccentrically placed and mostly bilobed. The cytoplasmic granules were strongly eosinophilic which were pink in colour, large, round, numerous and uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. The basophils were pear to oval in shape and 12.66 ± 0.19 m in diameter. The nuclei of basophils were partially visible as the cytoplasm was filled with numerous dark, rounded bluish- purple color basophilic granules mostly concentrated at periphery. Most common lymphocytes were small sized lymphocytes with mean diameter of 6.19 ± 0.15 m. The medium sized lymphocytes were almost rounded in shape and 8.45 ± 0.23 m in size. The large sized lymphocytes were 10.00 ± 0.18 m in diameter. The monocytes were roughly rounded in shape and measured 12.01 ± 0.36 m in diameter. The cytoplasm was foamy in appearance due to presence of large number of vacuoles in monocytes. The thrombocytes were oval to round in shape and 7.10 ± 0.20 m in diameter. The blood smears of emu were firstly stained with Toluidine
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARATIVE CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL, CYTOCHEMICAL AND CYTOENZYMIC STUDY ON BLOOD CELLS OF DOMESTIC FOWL, GUINEA FOWL AND PIGEON
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2019) Kumar, Naveen; Mehta, Suresh
    Erythrocytes were round to oval in shape with length of 10.21 ± 0.29 µm and width of 8.4 ± 0.38 µm in fowl. They were elongated in shape with length of 12.03 ± 0.20 µm and width of 7.01 ± 0.06µm in guinea fowl whereas elongated with length of11.66 ±0.22 µm and width of 6.19 ± 0.15 µm in pigeon. The cytoplasm of erythrocytes of domestic fowl and pigeon were homogenous pink colour whereas homogenous with light pink colour in guinea fowl. In fowl the nuclei were elliptical, oval,or round while in guinea fowl and pigeon they were elongated. The nuclei stained violet-blue in fowl and pigeon whereas in guinea fowl it was light pink. Heterophils were almost round in shape with average diameter10.99 ± 0.18 µm in fowl. While they were almost round with slight bulging in shaped with size of 11.35 ± 0.13 µm in guinea fowl and rounded shaped and measured 10.11 ± 0.17 µm in pigeon. The nuclei of heterophils were 2-4 lobed in fowl, 3-4 lobed in guinea fowl and 2-3 lobed in pigeon. In fowl, the arrangement of nuclear segments were spiral, S, and M .In guinea fowl, the arrangement of nuclear segments were U and 8. In pigeonthe nuclei were 2 to 3 lobed. The arrangement of nuclear segments were S, U and V shaped .Eosinophils were rounded in shape in fowl as well as guinea fowl and round to oval in pigeon. The average dimeter was9.11 ± 0.25mmin fowl, 11.5±0.12 mm in guinea fowl and 10.44 ± 0.26 mm in pigeon. In fowl, the nuclei were mostly two to three lobed. The darkly stained, chromatin materials were distributed in patches. The cytoplasmic granules were round, coarse, numerous, and homogeneously distributed throughout the cytoplasm and eosinophilic. In guinea fowl, the nuclei were generally three to four lobed .The size and arrangement of lobes varied greatly. The cytoplasm was relatively darker and cytoplasmic granules were densly packed. The cytoplasm was moderately eosinophilic. In pigeon, the nuclei were 2-4 lobed. The cytoplasm was comparatively darkly stained. The cytoplasmic granules were round, and, loosely packed. Basophils were irregularly rounded in fowl, oval to elongated in guinea fowl and rounded in pigeon. The average size was 7.53 ± 0.20mm in fowl, 8.30 ± 0.16 mm in guinea fowl and 7.73 ± 0.15 mm in pigeon. In all the three species nuclei were not clearly visible. The cytoplasm was comparatively lighter in fowl as well as pigeon and generally darkly stained in guinea fowl. The cytoplasmic granules were comparatively lighter in fowl and pigeon whereas comparatively darker in guinea fowl. It gives foamy appearance in fowl. Small lymphocytes were almost round in fowl, almost rounded with few blebs in guinea fowl where as almost rounded to oval in pigeon. Their size was 7.90 ±0.07 mmin fowl, 8.40 ± 0.09mm in guinea fowl and 8.27 ±0.11 mm in pigeon. Medium sized lymphocytes were elongated to rounded in fowl, rounded to oval in guinea fowl whereas irregularly rounded in pigeon. Their size was 8.5 ± 0.12mm in fowl, 9.92 ± 0.16mm in guinea fowl and 9.5 ±0.16 mm in quail. Large lymphocytes were rounded to oval in fowl while irregularly rounded in guinea fowl as well as in pigeon. Their size was 10.09 ± 0.18mm in fowl, 10.94 ± 0.11mm in guinea fowl and 10.30 ±0.10 mm in pigeon. In fowl, small lymphocytes had almost spherical nuclei surrounded by a peripheral cytoplasm. The cytoplasm stained comparatively darker in colour. In medium sized lymphocytes cytoplasm was comparatively more in compare to small lymphocyte. In large sized lymphocytes, nuclei were irregularly oval in shaped .Cytoplasm was comparatively more than small and medium sized lymphocytes.In guinea fowl, small lymphocytes almost irregular shaped nuclei surrounded by a thik cytoplasm. The medium sized lymphocytes had comparatively less amount of cytoplasm than compared to small lymphocytes. In large sized lymphocytes, nuclei were irregular shaped which had small amount of cytoplasm. The cytoplasm was comparatively darkly stained. In pigeon, small lymphocytes had almost rounded in shape and occupied almost all area. The medium sized lymphocytes had irregularly rounded shaped nuclei with comparatively less amount of cytoplasm than small lymphocytes. The large sized lymphocytes had almost round nuclei with large amount of cytoplasm than small and medium sized lymphocytes. The cytoplasm stained comparatively darker in colour. Monocytes were rounded in fowl, elliptical to rounded in guinea fowl and almost rounded in pigeon. Their size was 10.19 ± 0.11mm in fowl, 12.0 ±0.13mm in guinea fowl and 10.82 ± 0.14mm in pigeon. In fowl, the nucleus was eccentric and rounded in shape. The cytoplasm was foamy in appearance due to presence of large number of vacuoles. In guinea fowl, the nuclei were eccentric, irregular and horse shoe shaped. In pigeon, the nuclei were irregular shaped and eccentrically placed. The cytoplasm was foamy in appearance with few vacuoles and granular dots. The cytoplasm stained comparatively darker in colour. Thrombocytes were mostly oval in fowl while oval to rounded in guinea fowl as well as in pigeon. Their size was 4.20 ± 0.08 mm in fowl, 4.80 ±0.16 mm in guinea fowl and 5.86 ± 0.10 mm in pigeon. Thrombocytes were the smallest blood cell in all three species. In fowl, the thrombocytes stained reddish violet. They occurred mostly singly or in small group. The nuclei were moderately basophilic and irregularly rounded in shape. Cytoplasm was non-granular. In guinea fowl, the thrombocytes stained moderately violet in colour. They mostely occurred in cluster of large group. Their nuclei were slightly basophilic and rounded in shape. In pigeon, the thrombocytes stained light pinkish. They always occurred in single. The nuclei were elongated in shape, The cytoplasm was less in amount and purple in colour. The basophilic granules showed weak positive reaction in fowl while, strong in guinea fowl and moderately positive in pigeon when the blood smears were stained with toluidine blue stain. Heterophils showed strong positive reaction in guinea fowl, while moderate in pigeon and weak in fowl in their cytoplasm when the blood smears were stained with the periodic acid-Schiff stain. Eosinophil showed strong positive reaction in form of black colour granule in fowl, while moderate in pigeon and weak in guinea fowl when the blood smears were stained with Sudan Black B. Lymphocyte showed strongly positive reaction in fowl while moderate in guinea fowl and weak in pigeon in the form of black-brown patches when blood smears were stained for acid phosphatase. Eosinophil of guinea fowl as well as pigeon showed moderate positive reaction however, reaction was weak in fowl for alkaline phosphatase in the form of brown coloured granules. Eosinophil of guinea fowl as well as pigeon showed strongly positive reaction while reaction was moderately positive in fowl for peroxidase. All cells were negative in all the three species for Non-specific esterase.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Comparative Histological and certain Histochemical Studies on Oviduct of Jharseem and Dahlem Red Hen (Gallus Domesticus)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Ahmad, Taufique; Mehta, Suresh
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL, CYTOCHEMICAL AND CYTOENZYMIC STUDIES ON BLOOD CELLS OF DOMESTIC FOWL, DUCK AND JAPANESE QUAIL
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2016) Shalini, Saumya; Mehta, Suresh
    The work on “Cytomorphological, Cytochemical and Cytoenzymic studies of blood cells of domestic fowl, duck and Japanese quail” was conducted at Department of veterinary anatomy and histology, Ranchi Veterinary College, Ranchi. The present study was conducted on blood cells of thirty healthy domestic fowl, duck and quail, ten birds of each group. The formed elements include erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes. Thesis Abstract Erythrocytes were round to oval in shape with length of 10.10 ± 0.35 μm and width of 8.24 ± 0.39 μm in fowl. They were mostly oval in shape with length of 13.57 ± 0.39 μm and width of 7.02 ± 0.35μm in duck whereas elongated to oval with length of 7.02 ±0.35 μm and width of 5.86 ± 0.19 μm in quail. They had homogenous pink cytoplasm in domestic fowl, duck and quail. In domestic fowl nuclei was oval, elliptical and round while in duck it was round to oval and in quail mostly elongated. Heterophils were almost round to spherical , with a size of 10.15 ± 0.25 μm in fowl. While they were mostly oval in shape with size of 10.08 ± 0.38 μm in duck and polygonal to round in shape and measured 10.75 ± 0.33 μm in quail. The nuclei had 2-4 lobes in fowl, 4-5 lobes in duck and 2-3 lobes in quail. Eosinophils were almost round to elliptical with a size of 8.20 ± 0.27m in fowl, rounded in shape with size of 9.65 ± 0.34m in duck and rounded to oval with size of 10.20 ± 0.36 m in quail. The nuclei had 2-3 lobes in fowl, 3-4 lobes in duck and 2-4 lobes in quail. Basophils were almost round in fowl and quail whereas irregular in shape in duck. The size in fowl was 7.54 ± 0.18m, 6.35 ± 0.24 m in duck and 7.38 ± 0.15 m in quail. Small lymphocytes were almost round in all the three species. Their size was 6.12 ±0.09 m in fowl, 7.18 ± 0.09m in duck and 8.13 ± 0.08 m in quail. Medium sized lymphocytes were almost round in all the three species. Their size was 7.65 ± 0.13m in fowl, 8.55 ± 0.14m in duck and 9.35 ±0.13 m in quail. Large lymphocytes were almost round in all the three species. Their size was 8.95 ± 0.14m in fowl, 9.79 ± 0.10m in duck and 10.12 ± 0.05m in quail. Monocytes were rounded in fowl and quail whereas rounded to elliptical in duck. Their size was 9.78 ± 0.11m in fowl, 8.78 ±0.14m in duck and 10.02 ± 0.15m in quail. Thrombocytes were mostly oval to round in all the three species. Their size was 4.19 ± 0.09 m in fowl, 5.05 ±0.19 m in duck and 5.71 ± 0.22 m in quail. The basophilic granules showed strong positive reaction in fowl while moderate in duck and weak in quail when the blood smears were stained with toluidine blue in the form of blue coloured granules. PAS reaction for glycogen was moderate in heterophil and weak in thrombocyte of fowl. The reaction was strong in heterophil and moderate in thrombocyte of duck and quail. Eosinophil of fowl and duck showed strongly positive reaction in the form of black granules for Sudan Black B while the reaction was weak in quail. Lymphocyte showed strongly positive reaction in quail while moderate in duck and weak in fowl when blood smears were stained for acid phosphatase. Eosinophil of fowl showed moderate to weak reaction for alkaline phosphatase, however all blood cells showed negative reaction in duck and quail. Eosinophil of fowl and duck showed moderate to strong positive reaction for peroxidase respectively, while all blood cells showed negative reaction in quail. Lymphocyte of quail showed strongly positive reaction in quail for non-specific esterase. Eosinophil showed moderately positive reaction in fowl while reaction was weak in duck when blood smears were stained for non-specific esterase. Analysis of variance showed significant (P<0.01) effect of group on the blood cell except heterophil. Further critical difference test indicated significantly higher length of erythrocytes in duck (13.57±0.39 μm) followed by quail (11.35±.02 μm) and fowl (10.10±0.35 μm), the differences among all the three group of birds differ significantly. On the other hand width of erythrocytes was higher in fowl (8.24±0.39) then duck (7.02±0.35 μm) and lowest in quail (5.86±0.19 μm), differences being significant among all the three groups of birds. Although the effect of group had non-significant influence on heterophil but higher value was observed in quail (10.75±0.33 μm) followed by fowl (10.15±0.25 μm) and duck (10.08±0.38 μm). With regard to eosinophil the highest value was noticed in quail (10.20±0.36 μm) and duck (9.65±0.34 μm) then fowl (8.20±0.27 μm). However differences between former two was non-significant statistically but both the former group had significantly higher eosinophil than latter group. Average basophils was higher in fowl (7.54±0.18 μm) followed by quail (7.38±0.15 μm) and duck (6.35±0.24 μm).Critical difference test indicated significantly lowest value in duck then fowl and quail but latter did not differ significantly from each other. As regards lymphocytes, all three i.e. small, medium and large were significantly higher value in quail followed by duck and fowl, the differences among all the three groups differ significantly. Monocytes had significantly lowest value in duck (8.78±0.14 μm) then fowl (9.78±0.11 μm) and quail (10.02±0.15 μm), the difference between latter two groups was non-significant statistically. Thrombocytes had highest value in quail (5.71±0.22 μm) then duck (5.02±0.19 μm) and lowest in fowl (4.19±0.9 μm). All the three groups differ significantly among themselves.