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Open Access
DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ANTERIOR SEGMENTAL OCULAR AFFECTIONS IN DOGS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2021-07) RAJESH BABU, KUNCHE; RAMBABU, K (MAJOR); SREENU, MAKKENA; SADASIVA RAO, K
The present investigation was carried out to study diagnosis and management of anterior segmental ocular affections in dogs. Out of a total of 2042 surgical cases, 4.5 per cent (92) of anterior segmental ocular affections over a period of 13 months from December 2019 to January 2021 were reported in dogs. Methodical physical, clinical and ophthalmological and other investigations were carried out to diagnose extra ocular affections. Anterior segment ocular affections in dogs were examined and classified under i.e. periocular, eyelids, third eyelid, conjunctiva, sclera, cornea, anterior chamber and iris affections in dogs were diagnosed by detailed ophthalmic examination i.e Schirmer tear test, Fluorescein dye test, Rose Bengal test, Tonometry, Ophthalmoscopy, Slit lamp bio-microscope and B-mode ocular ultrasound methods. In the study highest incidence was recorded in ND 0.83 per cent followed by Rottweiler 0.69 per cent, Pug 0.63 per cent. Gender wise incidence was higher in males i.e., 63.04 per cent compared to females 36.96 per cent. The anatomical location wise distribution of anterior segmental ocular affections in dogs highest incidence recorded in Eyelids 22.82 per cent. Among the periocular affections, the highest percentages of incidence are proptosis and purulent discharges 28.57 per cent of each respectively. Among various eyelid affections, highest percentage of incidence was Entropion 28.57 percent. In third eyelid affections, highest percentage of incidence was Cherry eye 75.00 per cent. Among various conjunctiva affections, highest percentage of incidence was purulent conjunctivitis 44.44 per cent. Among sclera affections, equal incidence was found in episcleral congestion and limbal melanoma 50.00 percent of each. Among corneal affections highest incidence was corneal ulcer 50.00 per cent. Among various anterior chamber affections, equal incidence was found in Hyphaema and Glaucoma 50.00 percent of each. In Iris affections, equal incidence was found in Iris Bombe, Iris prolapse and anterior uveitis 33.33 per cent of each. The age group of zero to three years had the highest incidence of 67.39 per cent. Among the side wise affections, both eyes (OU) 44.56 per cent showed higher incidence than right eye and left eye. Purulent Conjunctivitis, Allergic Conjunctivitis, Corneal Opacity, Chronic Superficial Keratitis/Pannus, Superficial Corneal Ulcer, Descemetocele, Kerato Conjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and Glaucoma with bilateral corneal opacity cases were recorded and treated by medical management. Proptosis, Eyelid Tumor, Eyelid Laceration, Cherry Eyes, Everted T Cartilage, Penetrating Corneal Wound and Deep Corneal Ulcer cases were recorded and treated by surgical management. To diagnose anterior segmental ocular affections in dogs a routine ocular examination and detailed ophthalmic examination, were carried out and the cases were treated effectively by meticulous preparation of the patient and medical management and good surgical techniques or both appropriately for successful recovery.
Open Access
STUDIES ON CERTAIN HORMONAL AND NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE SYNCHRONIZATION OF ESTRUS AND FERTILTIY IN EWES UNDER FARM CONDITIONS DURING NON BREEDING SEASON
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2021-07) SRISANDHYA, T; Venkata Naidu, G (MAJOR); Srinivas, M; Devi Prasad, V
The present study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of hormonal and nutritional strategies in postpartum anestrous Vizianagaram ewes during the non-breeding season. A total of 48 healthy postpartum anestrous ewes aged about 2 to 4 years were selected and randomly divided into four groups Selectsynch (Group 1), Progesterone+Ovsynch (Group 2) nutritional supplement (Group 3) and conventional feeding control (Group 4) with each group consisting of twelve ewes. In Selectsynch group, each ewe was administered with GnRH analogue (4.0 μg) on day 0 and PGF2α analogue (125 μg) on day 7 intramuscularly. In Progesterone+Ovsynch group, progestrone sponge was inserted intra-vaginal and GnRH analogue @ 4.0 μg was administered along with sponge insertion on day 0. On day 7 PGF2α analogue cloprostenol (125μg) was administered intramuscularly and the sponge was removed and second injection of 4.0 μg GnRH analogue was administered on day 9. In feed supplement group, each ewe was given 200 gm of additional concentrate feed along with 20 gm of mineral and vitamin mixture for 9 days along with regular concentrate feed. The control group ewes were maintained on conventional feeding and grazing. The estrus response rate was 66.66, 100.00, 50.00 and 33.33 per cent in group 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Significantly (P˂0.05) shorter time interval to onset of estrus (hrs) was observed in Progesterone+Ovsynch (38.00±4.63) group followed by Selectsynch (45.00±7.08), nutritional supplement (56.00±8.00) and control group (90.00±18.00) groups. The mean duration of estrus was 24.00±4.82, 26.00±2.88, 24.00±1.64 and 24.00±2.01 hrs in Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively without significant difference (P>0.05) among treatment groups but with significantly intense estrus (P<0.05) in Progesterone+Ovsynch (8.60±0.47) group than in Selectsynch (7.50±0.65), nutritional supplements (6.10±0.24) and control (5.00±0.22) groups. Significantly (P˂0.05) higher conception rate was recorded in Progesterone+Ovsynch group (66.66%) when compared to Selectsynch (50.00%), nutritional supplement (33.33%) and control (25.00%) groups. The overall percentage of conception rate by using ultrasonography was 39.58% (19/48) Vs 43.75% (21/48) non-return basis among all treatment groups. In the present study it was observed that Progesterone sponge plus Ovsynch treatment achieved higher estrus response rate with higher conception rate when compared to other treatments during non-breeding season in Vizianagaram anestrous ewes.
Open Access
EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ACETONE EXTRACT OF Anacardium occidentale NUT SHELL AND ITS SYNERGY WITH OTHER SELECTED PHYTOCHEMICALS AGAINST MASTITIS CAUSING ORGANISMS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2021-07) Kavya, Y; HARAVI, K (MAJOR); SRINIVASA RAO, G; ASWANI KUMAR, K
Mastitis in dairy cattle is a highly prevalent infectious disease, causing considerable economic loss worldwide which alter milk quality, reduce milk yield, and increase cost of production resulting in great economic losses to the dairy industry. The conventional antimicrobial agents have been the mainstay of mastitis therapy over the decades and these drugs have potential high cure rate, when the treatment is well‑targeted. However, use of antibiotics is associated with cost, the possibility of development of acquired drug resistance, residues in the milk. Steadily increasing bacterial resistance to existing drugs is a serious problem, and therefore there is a dire need to search for new classes of antibacterial substances, especially from natural sources. Unlike synthetic drugs, the antimicrobials of plant origin are not associated with side effects and have a great therapeutic potential to heal many infectious diseases. As an alternative to antimicrobial agents, phytochemicals offer effective and economical alternatives not only to treat infection but also to counter bacterial resistance. Use of medicinal plant drugs does not carry the disadvantage of resistance and has the additional property of immunomodulation. In the present study evaluated the constituent preliminary phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity of acetone extract of cashew nut shell and also evaluated, its synergy and biofilm inhibition along with antibiotics enrofloxacin and amoxycillin, phytochemicals such as xylitol, betaine, xanthone and alpha lipoic acid were evaluated against mastitis causing organisms Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidant activity was assessed by Phosphomolybdenum assay. Antibacterial activity and synergy was assessed by minimum inhibitory concentration and checkerboard and biofilm inhibition was assessed by crystal violet assay. The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, triterpenes, phenols, flavonoids, proteins and amino acids. Antioxidant activity of 0.1mg/ml of cashew nut shell extract, alpha lipoic acid, enrofloxacin and 10mg/ml of xanthone was equivalent to 63.6±0.64, 134.53±0.96, 33.605±0.31 and 162±1.81 μg/ml of ascorbic acid respectively. Xylitol and betaine does not exhibit any antioxidant activity at the concentration of 10mg/ml. antibacterial activity assessed by microdilution assay and minimum inhibitory concentration values of enrofloxacin, cashew nut shell extract, alpha lipoic acid, xanthone against Escherichia coli. were 0.039μg/ml, 2.5mg/ml, 6.25mg/ml, 12.5mg/ml respectively. MIC values of amoxycillin, cashew nut extract, alpha lipoic acid, xanthone against Staphylococcus aureus were 0.3μg/ml, 0.078mg/ml, 3.25mg/ml, 25mg/ml respectively. Xylitol and betaine did not exhibit antibacterial property even at the concentration of 100mg/ml against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Cashew nut shell extract in combination with enrofloxacin exhibited additive effect, alpha lipoic acid in combination with enrofloxacin and xanthone in combination with enrofloxacin exhibited indifference and additive effect respectively. Cashew nut shell extract in combination with alpha lipoic acid and cashew nut shell extract in combination with xanthone exhibited indifference and synergism respectively against Escherichia coli. Cashew nut shell extract in combination with amoxycillin exhibited additive effect, alpha lipoic acid in combination with amoxycillin and xanthone in combination with amoxycillin exhibited additive effect. Cashew nut shell extract in combination with alpha lipoic acid and cashew nut shell extract in combination with xanthone exhibited indifference and additive effect respectively against Staphylococcus aureus. Enrofloxacin and cashew nut shell extract alone and in combinations with phytochemicals such as xylitol, betaine, alpha lipoic acid and xanthone exhibited biofilm inhibition with difference in percentage inhibition against Escherichia coli. Amoxycillin and cashew nut shell extract alone and in combinations with phytochemicals such as xylitol, betaine, alpha lipoic acid and xanthone exhibited biofilm inhibition with difference in percentage inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion cashew nut shell extract was effective against gram positive organism Staphylococcus aureus which lower MIC and biofilm inhibition compared to gram negative organisms Escherichia coli because of difference in the cell wall structure. Cashew nut shell extract showed additive effect and indifference in combination with antibiotics and phytochemicals and has no antagonist activity. Cashew nut shell in combination with xanthone showed synergy against Escherichia coli with maximum percent of biofilm inhibition.
Open Access
RADIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF PERI AND ENDODONTAL DISEASES IN DOGS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2021-07) ANJALI, K; RAGHUNATH, M (MAJOR); DEVI PRASAD, V; SRINIVAS, M
The present study was conducted on 24 clinical cases of dogs of either sex above one year of age, that were presented to clinics with various symptoms related to different dental affections. The overall incidence of dental diseases (periodontal and endodontal) was 29.91% with high incidence of 45.83% in smaller breed of dogs. Signalment and history was collected, physiological parameters and hematobiochemical parameters were evaluated. Complete oral cavity examination and diagnostic procedures like dental radiography, microbiological evaluation and antibiotic sensitivity testing were done in all the dogs. Staging of the periodontal indices like gingival index, calculus index and furcation index were done. Radiological examination helped in diagnosis of peri and endodontal diseases in dogs and also in staging of periodontal diseases. Staphylococcus species and Escherichia coli were the most commonly isolated organisms from the oral cavity in dental affections. Antibiogram of the dental swabs revealed high sensitivity towards Ciprofloxacin followed by Doxycycline. All the haematological and biochemical parameters were normal in most of the dogs with high significant difference in lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils after the treatment. Serum creatinine, ALT and AST were significantly decreased after treatment. Early stages of stage 1 and 2 gingival index and stage 1 and 2 periodontal diseases were managed by chlorhexidine lavage, home care practices like tooth brushing, addition of dental treats, chews and prophylactic antibiotic therapy. Dogs with calculus index 2 and 3 and dogs with stage 3 periodontal disease were treated by procedures like calculus removal, supra and sub gingival dental scaling along with home dental care. Dogs with stage 4 periodontal disease and furcation stage 4 were treated by extraction of the affected teeth under general anesthesia. Dental radiography, antimicrobial evaluation and antibiotic sensitivity testing played a major role in the diagnosis and treatment of the periodontal and endodontal affections in dogs with good clinical outcome. Recurrence of dental plaque in few cases where the home dental care was discontinued indicated that professional dental treatment was of little value unless followed by home oral health care.
Open Access
HEMATOBIOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERN OF SERUM PROTEINS IN PUNGANUR CATTLE DURING DIFFERENT SEASONS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2021-07) BUJJI, BANDARU; ASWANI KUMAR, K (MAJOR); Prasada Rao, T; Srinivasa Prasad, CH
A total of sixty apparently healthy Punganur cattle aged two years and above grouped as: Females (n=30) and Males (n=30) maintained at Livestock Research Station, SVVU, Palamaner, Chittor district were selected to study hemato-biochemical profiles and to compare the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins over different seasons.THI findings during the study period suggests that the summer season was having moderate heat stress (79.03±1.22) on Punganur cattle. Hematological parameters such as Hb, TEC, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Monocytes, Granulocytes, Lymphocytes and Platelets did not show any significant change among all groups between seasons. WBC values were high during summer in males and herd while there was no change in females. Total Protein and globulins were high during summer while albumins and A/G ratio showed higher values during winter in all the groups. BUN and Creatinine concentration were high in summer compared to other seasons, but the values were within normal range. Blood glucose concentration was low in summer in all the groups while there was no change in Total Bilirubin. Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly high in all the groups during summer than in winter and monsoon. No significant difference could be observed in the values of LDL cholesterol. High Sodium values with lower Mg was observed in winter among all the groups of animals. There was no significant difference in Serum Calcium and Phosphorus levels. High AST, ALT and ALP enzyme concentrations during summer with no alterations in GGT was observed in all the groups. SDS PAGE pattern of all the animals during all the seasons showed same pattern with six prominent bands at 22, 27, 40, 53, 66 and 130 kDa. 2D-PAGE analysis of serum protein samples of the Punganur cattle showed More than 415 spots. The present study revealed presence of 12, 23 and 21 differentially expressed protein spots in males; 18, 39 and 37spots in females between summer vs monsoon, summer vs winter and monsoon vs winter respectively.
Open Access
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF Y CHROMOSOME IN PUNGANUR CATTLE
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2021-06) REHMAN, SHAIK.; GURU VISHNU, P (MAJOR); MURALIDHAR, M; ANITHA, A
Punganur is a miniature cattle originated from Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. Studies so far aimed at characterization of the breed at phenotypic level and molecular level using autosomal microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA. In addition to autosomal microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA, the Ychromosomal variation also plays a key role in understanding population admixture to trace paternal lineage. Differentiation of paternal lineages via analysis of Ychromosomal variation adds significantly to what can be inferred from mtDNA and autosomal variation in cattle. So far, the Y-chromosomal markers of Punganur cattle is not explored. Hence, the present study is proposed with the following objectives. Objectives of investigation: 1. To characterize Y- chromosome of Punganur cattle using Y chromosome specific markers 2. To determine Y chromosome haplogroups in Punganur cattle A total of 60 Punganur bulls covering different geographical regions in and around Andhra Pradesh and Telangana were screened to identify four Y chromosome specific SNPs (ZFY9:120>C/T; USP9Y: 76426>C/T, SRY: 1748>G/T and UTY19:423>G/T). To detect these SNPs, a PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) strategy was designed for screening three SNPs (USP9Y: 76426>C/T, SRY: 1748>G/T and UTY19: 423>G/T) and Allele specific PCR method was adopted for screening SNPs in ZFY9 (120>C/T) in the present study. The resulting restriction profiles and Allele specific genotype were combined to yield haplotype (TCTT) specific for Punganur cattle representing Y3 haplogroup of cattle. These results indicated that all the animals in the present study belong to Y3 haplogroup which underpin the purity of paternal lineage of Punganur cattle. The Y chromosome specific haplotype combination (TCTT) deciphered in our study can be exploited as a marker in Punganur breed conservation and improvement studies for detecting the purity/indigenous origin of paternal lineages
Open Access
IMPACT OF COOKING METHODS ON THE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) LEVELS IN THE MUTTON SHEEK KEBAB
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2021-06) GOWTHAM, P; ESWARA RAO, B (MAJOR); MUTHUKUMAR, M; NAGA MALLIKA, E
In the present research work, an attempt was made to evaluate the impact of cooking methods viz., direct charcoal grilling (Control), moist cooking followed by charcoal grilling (Treatment 1) and hot air oven cooking followed by charcoal grilling (Treatment 2) on the quality attributes, levels of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAH) and shelf -life of mutton sheek kebabs.The T1 formulation had significantly (p<0.05) higher cooking yield, moisture content, better texture profile of lower hardness and fracturability values, lower fat content and TBARS values, and higher scores for all organoleptic characteristics except flavor. In contrast, the control group received higher flavor scores. The overall mean pH of control was significantly (p<0.05) lower than treatment groups, and pH increased with the storage period. T1 had significantly (p<0.05) higher color parameters except for hue angle. Sensory and textural parameters decreased in all the groups towards the end of 15 days of refrigerated (4±1°C) storage. Control (C) had significantly (p<0.05) lower total plate count and yeast & mould count values than the treatment groups throughout the storage period. Psychrophiles were not detected in any of the groups during the 15 days of storage period. The level of flouranthene, the only polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon detected in all the groups, was below the maximum tolerance limits. Control group of kebabs had significantly (p<0.05) higher value of flouranthene, while the T1 had the lowest value. The rest of the eight PAH compounds are below the level of quantification (LOQ). Thus, the present study suggests moist cooking followed by charcoal grilling as the best and safe cooking method to prepare mutton sheek kebab.
Open Access
VIRULENCE GENE PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF STREPTOCOCCUS ISOLATES ASSOCIATED WITH BOVINE MASTITIS.
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2021-05) TEJASWI, PENUGONDA; RAMANI PUSHPA, R.N (MAJOR); ANAND KUMAR, P; SRINIVASA RAO, T
Bovine mastitis is recognised as the most economically important disease affecting Dairy industry in India and all over the world. Most prevalent bacterial etiological agents identified in bovine mastitis are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, E. coli and other Gram-negative organisms. The preferred treatment regime during the past decades for mastitis is antibiotic therapy. Streptococcus species are one of the most important causative agents of mastitis. Usually mastitis caused by Streptococci is of the subclinical type, so early detection is important. Among Streptococcus species S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis are predominant next to Staphylococcus species. The ability of Streptococcus to initiate growth in vivo and stably infect a host requires acquisition of virulence factors capable of neutralizing the mechanisms of host defence. Hence the present study is on antimicrobial susceptibility and detection of virulence factors of Streptococcus species associated with bovine mastitis. A total of 108 Bovine mastitis milk samples were examined and out of this 60 (55.5 %) samples were positive for Streptococcus species. The most prevalent isolate obtained was S. uberis 31 (51.7 %) followed by S. agalactiae 13 (21.7 %) and S. dysgalactiae 11 (18.3 %). All the isolates of Streptococcus spp. were identified based on morphology, cultural examination and further subjected to various biochemical tests viz., catalase test, oxidase test, ninhydrin test and sugar fermentation tests. Streptococcus selection broth was used for primary isolation followed by inoculation on to Edward’s medium with 5% sheep blood. The samples with Gram positive cocci in chains on Gram’s staining and cultures showing greyish, pinpointed colonies and/or esculin hydrolysis on edward’s medium were tentatively identified as Streptococcus species. All Streptococcus species isolates were further confirmed by PCR using genus and species specific primers. All the isolates of S. agalactiae were also subjected to CAMP test. Five Streptococcus isolates did not react to any of the specific primers used for S. uberis, S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae, hence categorised under Streptococcus other than these three species. Virulence factors of Streptococcus species were detected by using PCR. pauA gene was detected in eighteen (58.1 %) isolates and skc was detected in six (19.3 %) isolates of S. uberis. cfb gene (CAMP factor) was detected in twelve (92.3 %) isolates of S. agalactiae but phenotypically only five isolates were positive for CAMP test. In S. dysgalactiae mig gene was detected in 6 (54.5 %) isolates and skc gene was detected in one (9.1 %) isolate. The luxS gene responsible for biofilm formation was detected in eleven (35.4 %) isolates of S. uberis. xv On antibiotic sensitivity test the S. uberis isolates were resistant to ampicillin/ sulbactum followed by kanamycin, penicillin, ceftriaxone, tetracyclin, gentamicin and cotrimoxazole. Least resistance was observed for chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin and amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid. S. agalactiae isolates showed high resistance towards ampicillin/ sulbactum followed by kanamycin, penicillin G, enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol and gentamicin. Least resistance was found to ceftriaxone, amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, tetracyclin and cotrimoxazole. Antibiogram of S. dysgalactiae revealed that the isolates were resistant to ampicillin/ sulbactum followed by kanamycin, enrofloxacin, penicillin G, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, tetracyclin and cotrimoxazole. These isolates showed least resistance towards Amoxicillin/ Clavulanic acid. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of selected panel of antibiotics against S. uberis, S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae were studied by conducting modified resazurin dye microdilution assy. The MIC of S. uberis for penicillin-G is 15.62 μg/ml followed by 3.90 μg/ml for amoxicillin, 7.80 μg/ml for enrofloxacin, 78 μg/ml for gentamicin, 312.50 μg/ml for sulphamethoxazole + trimethoprim and 1250 μg/ml for sulphamethoxazole. For S. agalactiae the MICs for penicillin G, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, sulphamethoxazole + trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole were 15.62 μg/ml, 3.90 μg/ml, 31.25 μg/ml, 156 μg/ml, 625 μg/ml and 2500 μg/ml respectively. For S. dysgalactiae the MICs for penicillin G, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, sulphamethoxazole + trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole were 7.80 μg/ml, 0.98 μg/ml, 3.90 μg/ml, 39 μg/ml, 1250 μg/ml and 2500 μg/ml respectively.
Open Access
EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF CUMIN (Cuminum cyminum) AS NATURAL FEED ADDITIVE ON PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAILS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2021-06) SUMA BALA, CHALLAGALI; Srinivas Kumar, D (MAJOR); Kavitha, P; Venkata Seshaiah, CH
The present investigation is carried out to study the effect of dietary inclusion of cumin seed powder at varying levels on growth performance, serum biochemical profile, digestibility of nutrients, carcass characteristics and cost economics in Japanese quails. One hundred and fifty, day old quail chicks were distributed randomly to five dietary groups each with three replicates of ten chicks and were offered experimental diets to meet the nutrient requirements (NRC, 1994). During the experiment, cumin seed powder is included at 0.0% (T1: Control), 0.50% (T2), 1.0% (T3), 1.5% (T4) and 2.0% (T5) level by marginal adjustment of other feed ingredients. All the rations were made iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous. Chemical analysis indicated that cumin seed powder contained 18.26% CP, 14.02% EE, 30.02% CF, 27.96% NFE, 7.79% TA and 0.42% AIA. Results indicated that body weight gain, PI (P0.05) on feed intake with increased level of inclusion of cumin seed powder from 0 to 2.0% in the diet. The serum biochemical profile of quails revealed that inclusion of cumin seed powder up to 2.0% in the diet had no effect (P>0.05) on serum total protein, albumin, globulin, AST, ALT, serum urea, calcium and phosphorus contents. However, the study indicated that the serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and serum creatinine levels decreased (P0.05) on DM, OM, CP, EE and NFE digestibility as compared to the control. However, the digestibility coefficient of CF (P0.05) on weight of heart, liver, gizzard and giblet with increased level of inclusion of cumin seed powder from 0 to 2.0% in the diet. The feed cost / kg gain decreased by4.08 in T2 and7.69 in T3 while it is increased by2.70 in T4, and 8.70 in T5 groups of quails fed diets containing cumin seed powder at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% levels in the diet as compared to the control. Thus, it is concluded that cumin seed powder can be included up to 1.0% level as natural feed additive in the diet without any adverse effect on production performance of Japanese quail.

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