RADIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF PERI AND ENDODONTAL DISEASES IN DOGS
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Date
2021-07
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
The present study was conducted on 24 clinical cases of dogs of either sex above
one year of age, that were presented to clinics with various symptoms related to different
dental affections. The overall incidence of dental diseases (periodontal and endodontal)
was 29.91% with high incidence of 45.83% in smaller breed of dogs. Signalment and
history was collected, physiological parameters and hematobiochemical parameters were
evaluated. Complete oral cavity examination and diagnostic procedures like dental
radiography, microbiological evaluation and antibiotic sensitivity testing were done in all
the dogs. Staging of the periodontal indices like gingival index, calculus index and
furcation index were done. Radiological examination helped in diagnosis of peri and
endodontal diseases in dogs and also in staging of periodontal diseases.
Staphylococcus species and Escherichia coli were the most commonly isolated
organisms from the oral cavity in dental affections. Antibiogram of the dental swabs
revealed high sensitivity towards Ciprofloxacin followed by Doxycycline. All the
haematological and biochemical parameters were normal in most of the dogs with high
significant difference in lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils after the treatment.
Serum creatinine, ALT and AST were significantly decreased after treatment. Early
stages of stage 1 and 2 gingival index and stage 1 and 2 periodontal diseases were
managed by chlorhexidine lavage, home care practices like tooth brushing, addition of
dental treats, chews and prophylactic antibiotic therapy. Dogs with calculus index 2 and
3 and dogs with stage 3 periodontal disease were treated by procedures like calculus
removal, supra and sub gingival dental scaling along with home dental care. Dogs with
stage 4 periodontal disease and furcation stage 4 were treated by extraction of the affected
teeth under general anesthesia.
Dental radiography, antimicrobial evaluation and antibiotic sensitivity testing
played a major role in the diagnosis and treatment of the periodontal and endodontal
affections in dogs with good clinical outcome. Recurrence of dental plaque in few cases
where the home dental care was discontinued indicated that professional dental treatment
was of little value unless followed by home oral health care.
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