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20065
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Subject: Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology × End date: 2006 × Start date: 2006 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL COMPOUNDS AGAINST EXPERIMENTAL OCHRATOXICOSIS IN BROILERS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2006) SRIKANTH, M.K; SOMASEKHAR REDDY, K(MAJOR)
    ABSTRACT: The antioxidant potential of certain polyherbal compounds namely, nephtone and immuplus were assessed for prophylactic and therapeutic management of an experimental model of oxidative stress induced by ochratoxin, at a toxic level of 2.5 ppm in feed. A total of one hundred and fifty sexed male broiler chicks (Cobb strain) of day old age were procured for the study. The chicks were randomly divided into ten groups, consisting of fifteen in each group. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were maintained as basal diet control, nephtone control and immuplus control, respectively. Group 4 was maintained on ochratoxin @ 2.5 ppm in feed throughout 6 wks as toxic control without any treatment. Group 5 was maintained on ochratoxin @ 2.5 ppm in feed for the first 4 wks (28 days) of study and thereafter, maintained on basal diet for the next 2 wks (29 -42 days). Group 6 was maintained on ochratoxin @ 2.5 ppm in feed along with nephtone (@ 0.8 ml / 10 birds during first 2 wks; 1.6 ml / 10 birds during third and fourth week; 3.2 ml / 10 birds during the last 2 wks) in water, while group 7 was maintained on ochratoxin @ 2.5 ppm in feed along with immuplus (@ 50 mg / 10 birds for the first 4 wks and subsequently 100 mg / 10 birds during the last 2 wks). Groups 8, 9 and 10 were fed with ochratoxin @ 2.5 ppm in feed for the first 4 wks (28 days) of study and thereafter, group 8 was given nephtone, group 9 was kept on immuplus and group 10 on a combination of nephtone + immuplus till the termination of the experiment . Performance parameters were evaluated at weekly intervals. Antioxidant defense profile (GSH-Px, GSH-R, catalase, GSH, and TBARS), biomarkers of hepatic damage (ALT), lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol), protein profile (total protein, albumin, globulins and A/G ratio) and immune status (HI titre) were estimated. The activity of TBARS and HI titre were estimated once, at the end of the 6th wk, while the remaining sero-biochemical parameters were evaluated at the end of 4th and 6th wk. Histopathological studies on liver, kidney, bursa, thymus and spleen were conducted at the end of the 6th wk. Antioxidant enzyme levels and biochemical parameters were significantly altered and the histopathological studies revealed extensive degeneration, desquamation of tubular epithelium and disrupted tubular architecture with intertubular haemorrhages in the kidney sections of ochratoxin control. Degenerative changes of hepatocytes and marked central vein congestion was also noticed in the liver in the ochratoxin toxic control. These parameters were normal in the controls (groups 1, 2 and 3) and other groups that were given nephtone and immuplus either prophylactically (groups 6 and 7) or therapeutically (groups 8, 9 and 10). Thus, it is concluded that nephtone and immuplus were effective as antioxidants in preventing and countering oxidative stress by facilitating restoration of antioxidant defense mechanism. Hence, their supplementation would reduce the incidence of economic losses due to mycotoxin-induced stress.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF CASSIA AURICULATA LINN SEED EXTRACT IN EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES MELLITUS IN RATS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2006-02) VENKATA RAO, K.V.; ADILAXMAMMA, K(MAJOR); VENKATESWARLU, U; ESWARA PRASAD, P
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A STUDY ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIONS OF FISH OIL & VIT. E + SELENIUM IN BROILERS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2006) SUSMITA ROUT; GOPALA REDDY, A(MAJOR); KALAKUMAR, B. D. P.; ASHOK, V; RAJASEKHAR REDDY, A
    ABSTRACT: The antioxldant potentials of fish oil and vltamin E + selenlum was assessed for prophylactic and therapeutic management of free radical induced damage In an experimental model of oxidative stress induced by an ionophorous coccldiostat, maduramicin, at a toxic level of 8 ppm in feed A total of one hundred and twenty, male broiler chicks (Cobb strain) of day old age were randomly divided into eight groups, consisting of fifteen In each grol;p. Groups 1, 3 and 4 were maintained as basal diet control, f~sho il control and vlt E + Se control, respectively. Group 2 was maintarned with madurarnic~n @ 8 ppm in feed throughout for 6 wks and was maintained as toxic control wlthout any treatment. Groups 5 and 6 were fed w~thfi sh oil @ 2% in feed and vlt E (300 mglkg) + Se (0.3 mglkg). respecttvely along with madurarn~cln @ 8 pprn in feed throughout 6 wks of the experiment Groups 7 and 8 were fed wlth maduramlcin @ 8 pprn In feed for the first 4 wks (28 days) of study and thereafter, group 7 was given a fish oil supplemented feed @ 2% in feed and group 8 with vit E (300 mg/kg) + Se (0.3 mg/kg) In feed till the termination of the experiment at the end of 6Ih wk. Antioxidant defence profile (GSH-Px, GSH-R, catalase GSH, and TBARS), b~ornarkers of hepatic damage (AST), lipid profile (total cholesterol. triglycerides. HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol), prote~n profile (total protein, albumin, globulin and A/G ratio) and immune status (HI titre) were estimated at the end of 4" wk and 61h wk, except TBARS activity and HI titres 'that were estimated once, at the end of the 61h wk. Histopathological studies on liver, bursa, heart and skeletal muscle were conducted at the end of the 6'h wk. Antioxidant enzyme levels and biochemical parameters were significantly altered, and the histopathoiogical studies revealed separation of muscle fibre bundles In the myocardium and areas of necrosis in the liver in the maduramicin toxic control. These parameters were normal in the controls (groups 1.3 and 4), and other groups that were given fish oil and vit E + Se either prophylactically or therapeutically (groups 5, 6, 7 and 8). Thus, it is concluded that fish oil and vit E + Se were effective as ant~oxidants in preventing and countering oxidative stress by facilitating restoration of antioxidant defence mechanism. Hence, their supplementation would reduce the ~ncidence of economic losses due to stress. Beneficial effect of fish oil may be attributed to the presence of omega-3 fatty acids.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INVESTIGATIVE STUDIES ON LEAD AS AN INDICATOR IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION OF ANIMAL INPUT AND PRODUCE IN UPPAL AREA OF HYDERABAD
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2006) SHAILAJA, M; KALA KUMAR, B.D.P(MAJOR); SOMASEKHAR REDDY, K; SUDARSHAN RAO, V
    ABSTRACT: Keeping in view the significance of lead as an environmental pollutant, an attempt was made to investigate the levels of lead in vegetation and livestock, and other bimarkers of lead-induced health hazards in two areas viz.. Uppal area of Hyderabad and Dairy Experimental Station (DES) of College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad. Lead concentrations in fodder, water, blood and milk was determined by the GFAAS (Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry). The rnean lead concentration in fodder, buffalo blood and milk from Uppal area was 30.34fi.97, 0.2QM.04 and 0.19H.02 ppm, respedively, where as ths rnean lead comemation in fodder, buffalo blood and milk from DES area was 73.16i27.40.0 .98M.08a nd 0.6M.06p pm, respectively. Smm and Mood samples were analyzed for total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin: globulin ratio, creatinine, SOPT, ALP, RBC, WBC and Hb concentration. The buPFeloes of Uppal areas had significantly (pc0.001) higher total pratein. albumin, globulin, cregtinine, SGPT, ALP, RBC and Hb than the buffaloes of DES area. Further, a negative mlation was observed when the concentration of lead was compared to the concentrations of other trace minerals like iron and zinc in biological samples.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT OF Bauhinia purpurea LEAF EXTRACT IN RATS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2006-05) Gautam kumar, G; VENKATESWARLU, U(MAJOR); ADILAXMAMMA, K; SRILATHA, Ch
    ABSTRACT: Traditional plant treatments for diabetes mellitus are being considered to be safe alternatives with minimum possible side effects. to the present therapies of insulin and othcr oral hypoglycemic agents. Consequently the search to find out suitable remedies and to evaluate the cfticacy 01' v:irious indigenous plant products has gained momentum throughout the world. However. only very few of them received scientific validity and endorsement. In this pretest the present study was initiated with the aim of evaluating the effect of an aqueous leaf extract of Bouhi~zia purprrrea in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Male albino rats 70 nos. were procured for the study and ten of them kept as control and the remaining were made diabetic by a single intraperitonial injection of alloxan monohydrate dissolved in sterile normal saline @I20 mg/ kg body weight. After 72 h, from the sixty rats which were induced for diabetes, rats that showed moderate hyperglycaemia with blood glucose levels >200 mg/ dl, 50 numbers were selected and randomly assigned into five groups consisting of 10 rats in each group. The rats in group I1 served as diabetic control without therapy throughout the experiment. Rats in groups, IV, V and VI were treated with aqueous leaf extract of Bauhinia purpurea @ SOOmg, 500mg, and 750mg/kg b.wt. respectively, where as rats in group I11 were treated with insulin (Standard control) @, 5. IU/ kg b.wt. The experiment was carried out for a period of 30 days. The plasma concentrations of biomarkcrs of diabetes mellitus Viz. glucose. total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine. and blood urea nitrogen were determined and body weights recorded at 10 days interval. At the end of the experiment histopathological studies of pancreas. liver and kidncy \\ere conducted to draw possible conclusions. Results of' the present study re-:ealed a significant (P~0.10 ) increase in concentrations of plasma glucose. total cholesterol. LDL cholesterol. triglycerides, crcatinine. blood urea nitrogen and significant (P<0.0 1) decrease in body weights and lIDI, cholesterol concentration in the diabetic control group. In all the groups treated with aqueous leaf' extract of Bauhinia purpurea, exhibited significant (P<0.01) alleviating effect on the histopathological and serobiochemical alterations brought about by alloxan, while in control group, the serobiochemical parameters remained unaltered (Pq0.01) at basal level. The histopathological examination of pancreas revealed regeneration of pancreatic p-cells in the groups treated with aqueous leaf extract of Bauhinia purpurea and also in groups treated with insulin, when compared to that of the diabetic control, where no such regeneration of pancreatic p-cells was noticed. Among the three doses of aqueous leaf extract of Bauhiniapurpurea that were tested for their efficacy in three different treatment groups, the extract (@ 750 mgkg b. \vt was observed to be better in alleviating the pathological changes instigated by alloxan. when compared to the other two doses of 500mg/kg b. wt and 300rndkg b. wt, with efficacy comparable to that of insulin. However, further study is warranted to determine the principle, responsible for hypoglycemic action and the exact mechanism by which the aqueous leaf extract of Bazthinia purpurea was able to induce hypoglycemia in the experimental rats on a scale comparable to that of insulin.