Loading...
Thesis
Browse
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON INCIDENCE OF PARASITES OF QUAILS (Coturnix coturnix) AND PIGEONS (Columba livia} IN AND AROUND TIRUPATI. ANDHRA PRADESH(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1998-04) SRINIVASA RAO, R; HAFEEZ, Md(MAJOR); RAMAKRISHNA REDDY, P; VENKATESWARLU, UABSTRACT: A study was undertaken to record the ecto and endo parasites of pigeons and quails in and around Tirupat~A. ndhra Pradesh. Out of the 162 pigeons examined. 60 were positive for ectoparasites with a percentage incidence of 34.03. Pigeons had lice. ticks and mites. Among lice the species recorded were CdurnMa cofumbae, M?mpon gahae, Menacanthus. sb9rnineus. Gonlbcotes gaiiin8e and tipewus capons. Lipewus capcxls was the least prevalent lice with an incidence of 3 per cent and the most prevalent was Colurnbkuh columbae with 56.6 per cent. The only tick species recorded was Argas pemiws with an incidence rate of 1.6 per cent. Two species of mites were observed viz., Ornithonyssus bursa (6.6%) and Megninia columbae (8.33%). Among the total number of pigeons examined. 61.41% 2 1.59 had one or the other infection. Helminths were present in 57 per cent and protozoa were present in 28 per cent of pigeons. The endoparastic fauna af pigeons recorded was composed of three cestode species, two nematode species and three species of protozoa. The cestodes noted were R. tetragons, R. echinobofhrida and R. Cesticillus. Nematodes observed were Ascandia gall; and Heterakis gallinarum. The protozoa recorded were Eimeria species. Haemoproreus columbae and Trichomonos gallinae. Over all percentage inctdence of ectoparasites on quails was 37.89 2 3.4 per cent. The incidence of ectoparasites in farm quails was far less (1 0.47 2 7.03) than that observed in migratory quails (37.14 2 3.66%). The only type of ectoparasite recorded was lice. The four species of lice recorded were Guntocotes gallinae. Goniodes d~sstmiIisG~ onmdes gigas and Menopc~gl allnae. Examination of both farm and migratory quails did not reveal any helm~nth parasites. But they were posltrve for the oocysts of Enneria and lsospora specles with the percentage ~ncidenceo f 47 and 42 respectivety. Two drugs. one pyrethrod. dettramethrin (Butox) and the other a neem based herbal compound (Nimbitor) were studied for ttmr efficacy against ectoparasites of pigeons. Butox in the concentrations of 0.1. 0.15 and 0.2 per cent produced maximum efficacy after 24, 12 and 6 hours repsectively. Nimbitor when used in 1, 1 .S and 2.0 percent concentration exhibited maximum response after 48, 24 and 12 hours respectively.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ANTICOCCIDIAL DRUG RESISTANCE OF FIELD ISOLATES OF EIMERIA TENELLA FROM BROILER CHICKEN(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1996-08) SURYA KUMARI, BARREY; PADMAVATHI, P(MAJOR); RAMESH, A.J; SATYANARAYANA CHETTY, MThesisItem Open Access EFFECTS OF IRRADIATION ON LARVAL TREMATODES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AMPHISTOME CERCARIAE(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1980) BHASKARA RAO, THOLETI; VENKATESWARA RAO, B(MAJOR); VENKAT RATNAM, A; RAMA RAO, PThesisItem Open Access HELMINTH PARASITES OF RODENTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ZOONOTIC POTENTIAL AND HOST - PARASITE ASSOCIATIONS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1979) BHASKAR RAO, TOPALLE; VENKATESWARA RAO, B(MAJOR); RAMARAO, PThesisItem Open Access DIAGNOSIS OF BOVINE SARCOCYSTOSIS BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2012-03) DASMA BAI, BANOTHU; UDAYA KUMAR, M(MAJOR); CHENGALVA RAYULU, V; NARASIMHA REDDY, Y; ANAND KUMAR, AABSTRACT: Sarcocystis species are widely prevalent in man and animals, causing significant impact on animal and public health throughout the world. A laboratory standardized immunofluorescent antibody technique was used to study the seroprevalence of bovine sarcocystosis and the efficacy of same was compared with the traditional diagnostic methods like macroscopic, microscopic (squash and pepsin HCl acid muscle digestion). Histopathological changes and viability of bradyzoites in the affected esophageal muscles were also studied in the present investigation. The gross examination of oesophagi revealed creamy white colored thin walled macrocysts of Sarcocystis spp appearing in different shapes (fusiform, elliptical, ovoidal and globular etc) and sizes ranging from 2.0-18.0 x 1.0-5.0 mm with an average size of 10.47 + 0.295 x 3.08 + 0.089 mm. None of the organs showed any kind of gross lesions around the macrocysts embedded in the muscles. Microscopic examination of esophagus and diaphragmatic muscles by squash technique revealed the presence of microcysts arranged horizontally in between the muscle fibers of esophagus where as the pepsin HCl acid digestion of muscle samples of esophagi and diaphragm showed live bradyzoites in gliding motion. Histopathological studies suggested two possible etiologic agents of bovine sarcocystosis namely: S. cruzi, characterized by having elongate and septate cysts and S. hirsuta or S. hominis, characterized by having spherical or rounded cysts with thick radially striated cyst wall. The muscle degeneration with focal or diffused mononuclear cells viz: leukocytic infiltration, eosinophils, lymphocytes and macrophages observed in the tissues under study were attributed to the pathogenic effects of S. cruzi. The ruptured or degenerated state of some of the mature sarcocysts surrounded by eosinophils indicated the advanced age of the cyst. Immunofluorescent antibody technique was standardized in the laboratory for the diagnosis of Sarcocyst infection in bovines. Purified, host cell free bradyzoites collected from macrocysts of Sarcocystis spp, in aliquots of 6-8 applied to glass slides and fixed in chilled acetone over night followed by preservation at -200C worked well with 1:16 dilution of positive and negative control sera and 1:40 dilution of rabbit anti-bovine FITC conjugate. The positive sera did not show any cross reaction with T. gondii RH strain and non specific reactions were absent with negative sera. The serosurveillance of bovine sarcocystosis by laboratory standardized IFAT showed 80.14% (323) of cattle and 78.59% (246) of buffaloes positive for anti sarcocystis antibodies out of 403 cattle and 313 buffalo sera tested, respectively showing an overall prevalence of 79.46% out of 716 animals screened. The antibody titers of 6 randomly selected positive samples from different age groups of <2 years, 2-5 years, 5-10 years and >10 years old bovines ranged from 16-64, 32-256, 32-128 and 16-64 with an average titer of 32 + 2.92, 106.6 + 34, 74.6 + 17 and 34.6 + 9, respectively. The age wise prevalence of sarcocystosis in cattle indicated low rate of infection in the age group below 2 years (60%) and an ascending rate of infection in the age groups of 2-5 years (81.33%), 5-10 years (80.52%) and above 10 years (90.9%). Similarly, the incidence was significantly low in the buffaloes of below 2 years (64%) and high percentage of infection (86.51%) in 5-10 years followed by 78.94% in 2-5 years and 77.27% in above 10 years of age groups. No significant difference of infection was observed between male (81.87%) and female (75.19%) animals as well as between non-descriptive (79.63%) and cross bred (77.58%) animals. Esophageal and diaphragmatic muscle samples collected from 100 animals slaughtered at Chengicherla slaughter house, Hyderabad were subjected to visual examination, squash and pepsin HCl acid muscle digestion techniques which revealed the presence of macrocysts in 16% and 0%, microscopic sarcocysts in 8% and 0% and bradyzoites in 76% and 52% esophageal and diaphragmatic muscles, respectively. The sera collected simultaneously from corresponding animals were screened for anti Sarcocystis antibodies by laboratory standardized IFAT and the results were compared with those of visual examination, squash and pepsin HCl acid muscle digestion techniques. The IFAT was found superior in diagnosing sarcocystosis with positivity of 82%, followed by muscle digestion, gross examination and squash techniques with positive rates of 52%, 16% and 8%, respectively. The present study indicated that the visual and microscopic examination of bovine carcass is by no means a satisfactory diagnostic tool and recommends Immunoflourescent antibody technique for the antemortem diagnosis of animals waiting for slaughter at abattoirs in large scale. Experiments were also undertaken to determine whether Sarcocystis would survive storage at different refrigeration temperatures for a period of 9 days. The number of live and dead bradyzoites in one gram of pepsin HCl acid digested bovine esophageal muscle samples previously stored at room temperature, 40C, 00C, and -200C for a period of 48thhr, 8 days, 24thhr, and 24hr were 2x104 and 4 x104, 1x104 and 1 x104, nil and no bradyzoite, respectively when compared to those stored at 0th hr (10x104 and 0 x104).ThesisItem Open Access CERTAIN ASPECTS OF SPIROCERCOSIS WITH REFERENCE TO ITS PREVALENCE AND IMMUNODIAGNOSIS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2006-12) JYOTHISREE, CHITITHOTI; HAFEEZ, Md.(Major); UDAY KUMAR, M; ALAHA SINGARI, NABSTRACT : The research work on “Certain aspects of Spirocercosis with reference to its prevalence and immunodiagnosis” was under taken to record the prevalence of spirocercosis in different regions of Andhra Pradesh besides the study of the tissue reactions, haematological and biochemical changes of the disease and the efficacy of certain chemotherapeutic drugs against the spirocercosis and also to prepare an antigen of Spirocerca lupi to detect spirocercosis by immuno diagnostic techniques. A total of 562 dogs were examined in five (5) different places of Adhra Pradesh. Based on faecal sample examination, the over all per cent prevalence of spirocercosis in dogs was 3.02. Among the different (5) places of Adhra Pradesh under this study the prevalence was more in Hyderabad (5.45%) followed by Tirupati(3.6%), Ongole(2%), Kurnool (1.75%) and Guntur (0%). The prevalence of spirocercosis based on post mortem examination was 10 per cent at Tirupati. The prevalence of spirocercosis was more in 1-5 years age group (3.83%) followed by above 5 years age group (2.64%). The prevalence was more in males (3.30%) than females (2.70%). The prevalence was more in non discripts (5.92%) followed by German shepherd (4.09%) and in Pomeranians (1.57%). The prevalence was more in Winter season (5.91%) followed by Rainy season (2.12%) and Summer (1.06%). Radiographic examination showed 47.05 per cent confirmity in suspected cases. The gross pathological lesions like pale lungs, putrid material in the thoracic cavity, exostosis in 7th, 8th and 9th thoracic vertebrae, 5-6 thick hard nodular masses in thoracic portion of aorta and hen egg size nodule in the terminal portion of oesophagus and proximal portion of stomach were generally observed in natural cases of spirocercosis. Histopathological lesions in oesophagus were cut section of parasite and parasitic ova surrounded by inflammatory cells and moderate edema in the serosal layer along with giant cells. Aorta showed infiltration of inflammatory cells in tunica intima, cut section of parasite along with parasitic ova. Severe infiltration of inflammatory cells neutrophils and plasma cells along with fibrous tissue in tunica media. Lung showed focal interstitial pneumonia. Liver showed inflammatory cells between the hepatic cards. Haemorrhages between the cardiac muscle fibres were also observed in the heart. Haematological and biochemical changes in blood and sera samples of naturally infected spirocercosis were low haemoglobin concentration, leukocytosis and Neutrophilia. Serum samples showed low level of Total protein, Albumin and Glucose and increased concentration of Alkaline phosphotase, Amylase and Creatinine. The efficacy of the drugs Ivermectin, Ivermectin plus Prednisalone and Doramectin was tested against naturally infected Canine spirocercosis. The therapeutic efficacy of the above drugs was found to be 100 per cent. Crude antigen of Spirocerca lupi revealed protein concentration as 11.38 mg/ml. Attempts were made to diagnose S.lupi infection in naturally infected dogs by conducting four serodiagnostic tests viz., Agar-Gel immuno diffusion test (AGID), Immuno Electrophoresis (IEP), Counter Immuno Electrophoresis (CIEP) and Passive Haemagglutination Test (PHA). 17 sera samples collected from dogs naturally infected with S.lupi infection were tested against crude S.lupi antigen using AGID, IEP, CIEP and PHA tests. These tests showed a sensitivity of 88.2, 82.3, 88.2 and 76.4 percent in detecting S.lupi infection in naturally infected dogs, respectively The whole homogenate of S.lupi antigen was subjected to 10 per cent SDS-PAGE for the analysis of polypeptide profile. SDS-PAGE revealed a total number of 7, 8 polypeptides, respectively. The apparent molecular weight of polypeptides of these ranged from < 25 KDa to 151 KDa.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON CERTAIN ASPECTS OF BOLIARY AMPHISTOMOSIS IN BUFFALOES (Babalus bubalis)(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2006-02) MADHAVI, B; HAFEEZ, Md.(Major); RAMAKRISHNA REDDY, P; ALAHA SINGARI, NABSTRACT: We research work on "Studies on certain aspects of biliary amphistornosis in buffaloes" was under taken to study the prevalence of gigantocotylosis in naturally infected buffaloes, based on dung sample and slaughter house examination. Age, sex, breed, season wise prevalence at certain places of Chittoor and Nellore districts of Andhra Pradesh were surveyed-$ total of 221 buffaloes were examined in the present study. The present of prevalence in buffaloes was 38.91 per cent. Among the 12 places choosen the prevalence was more in Tirupati (41.67%) least in Chittoor (12.5%) in Chittoor District, whereas in Nellore District more prevalence was recorded in Nellore (48.15%) and least in Podalakur (35.71 %).The prevalence of biliary amphistomosis was more in above 4 years agc group (45%) and in females (40%). The prevalence was more in non-descriptive animals (40.68%) and also in rainy season (46.15%). Attempts were made to observe certain biochemical changes in - serum of naturally infected buffaloes. Serum total proteins (6.792 g/100 ml), albumins (3.256 g/ dl) and A/G ratio (0.921 g/dl) were decreased where as globulins (3.536 g/dl), conjugated bilirubin (0.093 g/dl) and total bilirubin (0.805 ddl) wcre increased.Attempts wcre madc to diagnose gigantocotylosis in naturally infected buffaloes by carrying out three sero diagnostic tests viz., counter current immunoelectrophoresis, ELISA and Dot - ELISA. The whole worm extract of antigen was prepared and the protein content of this antigen was prepared and the protein content of this antigen was estimated to be 11.2 mg/ml. Hyperimmune serum was raised against whole worm extract of Gigantocotyle explanaturn antigen, and serum samples selected randomly from naturally infected buffaloes with Gigantocotyle explanaturn were tested against whole worm extract of Gigantocotyle explanaturn. The CIEP, Dot - ELISA and ELISA tests showed a sensitivity of 85.8, 92 and 98 per cent respectively in detecting biliary amphistornosis in naturally infected buffaloes.ThesisItem Open Access Helminth parasites of dogs in andhra pradesh(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1970-04) Ramalingeswara Sharma, D; Venkatarathnam, A(MAJOR)ThesisItem Open Access Studies On Certain Apects Of Canine Ehrlichiosis(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2001-09) Lejeune Virapin Manigandan; Hafeez, Md.(Major); Chengalvarayulu, V; Nisar Ahmed, M