CERTAIN ASPECTS OF SPIROCERCOSIS WITH REFERENCE TO ITS PREVALENCE AND IMMUNODIAGNOSIS
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Date
2006-12
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT :
The research work on “Certain aspects of Spirocercosis with reference to its prevalence and immunodiagnosis” was under taken to record the prevalence of spirocercosis in different regions of Andhra Pradesh besides the study of the tissue reactions, haematological and biochemical changes of the disease and the efficacy of certain chemotherapeutic drugs against the spirocercosis and also to prepare an antigen of Spirocerca lupi to detect spirocercosis by immuno diagnostic techniques. A total of 562 dogs were examined in five (5) different places of Adhra Pradesh. Based on faecal sample examination, the over all per cent prevalence of spirocercosis in dogs was 3.02. Among the different (5) places of Adhra Pradesh under this study the prevalence was more in Hyderabad (5.45%) followed by Tirupati(3.6%), Ongole(2%), Kurnool (1.75%) and Guntur (0%). The prevalence of spirocercosis based on post mortem examination was 10 per cent at Tirupati. The prevalence of spirocercosis was more in 1-5 years age group (3.83%) followed by above 5 years age group (2.64%). The prevalence was more in males (3.30%) than females (2.70%). The prevalence was more in non discripts (5.92%) followed by German shepherd (4.09%) and in Pomeranians (1.57%). The prevalence was more in Winter season (5.91%) followed by Rainy season (2.12%) and Summer (1.06%). Radiographic examination showed 47.05 per cent confirmity in suspected cases. The gross pathological lesions like pale lungs, putrid material in the thoracic cavity, exostosis in 7th, 8th and 9th thoracic vertebrae, 5-6 thick hard nodular masses in thoracic portion of aorta and hen egg size nodule in the terminal portion of oesophagus and proximal portion of stomach were generally observed in natural cases of spirocercosis. Histopathological lesions in oesophagus were cut section of parasite and parasitic ova surrounded by inflammatory cells and moderate edema in the serosal layer along with giant cells. Aorta showed infiltration of inflammatory cells in tunica intima, cut section of parasite along with parasitic ova. Severe infiltration of inflammatory cells neutrophils and plasma cells along with fibrous tissue in tunica media. Lung showed focal interstitial pneumonia. Liver showed inflammatory cells between the hepatic cards. Haemorrhages between the cardiac muscle fibres were also observed in the heart. Haematological and biochemical changes in blood and sera samples of naturally infected spirocercosis were low haemoglobin concentration, leukocytosis and Neutrophilia. Serum samples showed low level of Total protein, Albumin and Glucose and increased concentration of Alkaline phosphotase, Amylase and Creatinine. The efficacy of the drugs Ivermectin, Ivermectin plus Prednisalone and Doramectin was tested against naturally infected Canine spirocercosis. The therapeutic efficacy of the above drugs was found to be 100 per cent. Crude antigen of Spirocerca lupi revealed protein concentration as 11.38 mg/ml. Attempts were made to diagnose S.lupi infection in naturally infected dogs by conducting four serodiagnostic tests viz., Agar-Gel immuno diffusion test (AGID), Immuno Electrophoresis (IEP), Counter Immuno Electrophoresis (CIEP) and Passive Haemagglutination Test (PHA). 17 sera samples collected from dogs naturally infected with S.lupi infection were tested against crude S.lupi antigen using AGID, IEP, CIEP and PHA tests. These tests showed a sensitivity of 88.2, 82.3, 88.2 and 76.4 percent in detecting S.lupi infection in naturally infected dogs, respectively The whole homogenate of S.lupi antigen was subjected to 10 per cent SDS-PAGE for the analysis of polypeptide profile. SDS-PAGE revealed a total number of 7, 8 polypeptides, respectively. The apparent molecular weight of polypeptides of these ranged from < 25 KDa to 151 KDa.
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