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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON CANINE MALASSEZIAL INFECTIONS AND ITS THERAPY(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2006-10) VENKATRAMAIAH, A; NALINI KUMARI, K(MAJOR); ALAHA SINGARI, N; Venkata Reddy, TABSTRACT : The incidence of Malassezial infections in three veterinary hospitals in Andhra Pradesh was studied during a total period of seven months. An over all incidence rates of 80.82% of Malassezia associated otitis and 7.14% of Malassezia dermatitis were recorded during the study period. The incidence of Malassezia associated otitis was 83% in Tirupati, 82% in Kakinada and 60% in Vijayawada. The incidence of Malassezia dermatitis was 11.90% in Tirupati and 10.45% in Kakinada and there was significant difference (P<0.01) between the incidence of Malassezia associated otitis and dermatitis. It was observed that Malassezial infection in the form of otitis was more common than in the form of dermatitis. Age wise incidence of Malasseziosis revealed that dogs upto twenty four months age group were more prone to Malassezia associated otitis and dermatitis. Sex wise analysis revealed that gender has got no significant influence on the incidence of Malassezial infections. Breeds of Dachshund, Labrador, Lhasa Apso, German shepherd and Pomeranians were more prone to Malassezial infections. Symptoms such as ear discharges of purulent or waxy nature, bad odour, head shaking, ear scratching, pain on palpation of ear, matting of hair intruding the ear canal and hair present at the base of the pinna and scales on the pinna were seen in Malassezia associated otitis. Alopecia, pruritus and erythema over ventral abdomen, neck, medial aspects of fore legs and mandibular region, poor hair coat, lichenification of ear were seen in Malassezia dermatitis. Roll smear cytology was made use of in the diagnosis of Malassezia associated otitis while tape impression smear for Malassezia dermatitis. In cases selected for therapy, Malassezia were seen in association with bacteria and neutrophils in eight cases and with only bacteria in eight more cases. Tape impression smears from dermatological cases revealed only Malassezia yeasts. Antifungal and antibiotic sensitivity tests were carried to all the otitis cases selected for therapy as bacteria was observed in all these cases along with the yeast organisms. Only antifungal sensitivity test was conducted in dermatological cases as only yeast but not bacteria could be found in tape impression smears. All the samples from Malassezia associated otitis were sensitive to Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Miconazole, Itraconazole, Clotrimazole, Amphotericin-B and Nystatin. All samples (100%) from dermatological cases were sensitive to Ketoconazole and Clotrimazole, 75% were sensitive to Fluconazole, Itraconazole and Nystatin and 62.50% to Amphotericin-B. Antibiotic sensitivity test results of otitis cases revealed that all the samples were sensitive to Enrofloxacin, 88% showed sensitivity to Ciprofloxin and Gentamicin, 75% to Cephalexin and Cephadroxil, 69% to Chloramphenicol and 62.5% to Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid. Dogs with Malassezia associated otitis were divided into two groups (I and II) with eight cases in each of them. Similarly, eight cases of Malassezia dermatitis (Group III) were treated separately. Therapy of Malassezia associated otitis was carried with Clotrimazole ear drops, Ketoconazole shampoo bath and oral Enrofloxacin in group I and Clotrimazole ear drops, Selenium sulfide shampoo bath and oral Enrofloxacin in Group II. Dogs with Malassezia dermatitis were subjected to Miconazole shampoo therapy and in one case with lichenification, oral Ketoconazole was given besides Miconazole shampoo bath. It was observed that cases treated with Clotrimazole, Ketoconazole and Enrofloxacin recovered comparatively faster. Treatment with Miconazole shampoo was found to be successful in seven cases with mild symptoms of Malassezia dermatitis. However, one case with lichenification of ears responded well only after oral Ketoconazole therapy. It is concluded that Clotrimazole ear drops in combination with Ketoconazole was comparatively more efficacious in the treatment of Malassezia associated otitis. Mild cases of Malassezia dermatitis could be treated with Miconazole shampoo therapy.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICAL -BIOCHEMICAL AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON POST-PARTURIENT ANOREXIASYNDROME IN BUFFALOES(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2005-08) MANIKYA REDDY, P; TIRUMALA RAO, D.S(MAJOR); PADMAJA, K; SADASIVARAO, KThesisItem Open Access CLINICO-BIOCHEMICAL AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES OF RUMINAL ACIDOSIS IN GOATS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2013-12) TAMBE SATISH VALMIK; PADMAJA, K(MAJOR); NAGARAJ, P; GOPALA REDDY, AABSTRACT:The present study was designed to investigate the clinico-biochemical parameters and response to therapeutic agents in clinical cases of goats suffering with ruminal acidosis. Thirty clinical cases of ruminal acidosis presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Campus Veterinary Hospital, and Veterinary Ambulatory Clinic, Mylardevpally, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad with the history of accidental ingestion of carbohydrate rich diet, inappetance to anorexia, suspended rumination and clinical manifestations of distended rumen and diarrhoea were selected and were divided based on severity of ruminal acidosis into three different groups consisting of 10 goats in each. The group I (mild acidosis), group II (moderate acidosis), and group III (severe acidosis) goats were subjected to the therapeutic trials and compared against ten apparently healthy goats from the same area with similar husbandry practices which served as healthy control (Group IV). Clinical signs exhibited by mild acidotic goats (Group I) were inappetance, mild bloat, reduced rumen motility, reduced rumination, semisolid faeces, firm and doughy condition of rumen on palpation of left flank and dull sound on percussion of left flank. The signs observed in moderate acidotic goats (Group II) were anorexia, distended abdomen, absence of rumination, dull appearance, absence of ruminal motility, grinding of teeth, frequent bleating, thick nasal discharge, pasty faeces, dehydration, fluid flashing sound on percussion and gurgling sound on auscultation of rumen. Whereas in severe acidotic goats (Group III), the signs were observed anorexia, severe depression, sunken eyes, staggering gait, lameness, absence of rumination, ruminal motility absent, watery diarrhoea, dehydration, oligouria to anuria, dysponea, tachycardia, subnormal body temperature, sternal and lateral recumbency. Clinical signs after treatment in all affected goats disappeared. Ruminal acidotic goats had subnormal body temperature, heart and respiration rates and skin fold time in all affected groups of goats significantly (p<0.05) increased, ruminal motility significantly (p<0.05) decreased in group I and absent in group II and III, conjunctival mucous membrane was normal, slightly congested and congested in group I, group II and III respectively. There was no significant difference in the values of temperature, heart and respiration rates, skin fold time and ruminal motility in all affected groups of goats and conjunctival mucous membrane was normal after treatment. Rumen fluid samples were analysed for physical changes. Colour was gray in group I and milky gray in both group II and III, consistency was semisolid or slightly watery in group I and watery in both group II and III, odour was acidic in both group I and II and pungent acidic in group I, and significant (p<0.05) decrease in pH between the groups of affected goats before therapy. Micro-biochemical changes of rumen fluid like MBRT was significantly (p<0.05) increased in all affected groups of goats, SAT was significantly (p<0.05) increased in group I and absent in group II and III, iodophilic activity was reduced in group I and nil in both group II and III, protozoal motility was sluggish in group I and absent in both group II and III, protozoal density decreased in group I and absent in both group II and III, significant (p<0.05) decrease in live and increase in dead proportion in group I, complete absence of protozoa in both group II and III, and replacement of rumen fluid gram negative bacteria by gram positive bacteria in all affected groups of goats before treatment. Rumen fluid analysis was normal in all the groups after the treatment. In haematological parameters, a significant (p<0.05) increase in haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total leucocyte count, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and significant (p<0.05) decrease in lymphocytes in all affected groups of goats before treatment. Haematological parameters were retured to normal in all the groups after the treatment. Blood biochemical analysis revealed significant (p<0.05) increase in plasma glucose, serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, serum aspartate aminotransferase and serum lactate dehydrogenase enzymes were observed in all affected groups of goats before treatment. After treatment all blood biochemical parameters returned to normalcy in all the groups after the treatment. The mean values of urine pH before treatment was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased between the all affected groups as compared with group IV. The mean values of urine pH did not differ significantly after treatment in group I, II and III. The Benedict’s test of urine was positive in all affected goats before treatment as compared to group IV. After therapy, it was negative in all ruminal acidosis affected goats. The therapeutic efficacy of the drugs used against various types of ruminal acidosis in goats was assessed. Group I goats were given sodium bicarbonate @ 1 g/kg body weight, single dose orally daily for 5 days. Group II goats were given ‘Bufzone’ @ 50 g single dose orally daily for 4 days. Whereas, goats of group III were administered ‘Bufzone’ @ 50 g single dose orally daily for 4 days and Sodium bicarbonate @ 1 g/kg body weight orally for 5 days. In addition goats of all the three groups were administered with Chlorphenarmine maleate @ 0.5 mg/kg body weight im, Tribivet @ 2ml im and Ringer’s lactate @ 25 ml, 50-75 ml, 75-74 100 ml iv in group I, II and III respectively. It was concluded that ruminal acidosis is a common disease of goats and its severity can be effectively reduced by combination of Bufzone and sodium bicarbonate along with supportive therapy.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC ASPECTS OF CERTAIN COMMON DERMATOSES IN DOGS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO CANINE ATOPIC DERMATITIS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2012-12) JYOTHI, JATAVATH; Satish Kumar, K(MAJOR); Nagaraj, P; Chandrashekhar Reddy, K; Madhava Rao, TABSTRACT : The present study was carried out in a total of 214 dogs that were presented with the history and signs of skin and coat abnormalities. These cases when subjected to thorough clinical examination and skin samples analysis, mange, atopy, malasseziosis, hypothyroidism, pyoderma, dermatophytosis and mixed infection associated dermatoses was recorded in 23.83 per cent, 21.50 per cent, 15.89 per cent, 12.62 per cent, 10.75 per cent, 8.41 per cent and 7.00 per cent dogs, respectively. The breed wise prevalence of mange was highest in GSD and lowest in Saint Bernard and that of canine atopic dermatitis was the highest in Dalmatian and lowest in Pug. Similarly, GSD and Doberman and Golden retriever; Labrador and Cocker spaniel, Golden retriever and Daschund; Spitz and Mongrel; GSD and Spitz and Doberman; GSD and Golden retriever were recorded as highest and lowest prevalence for malasseziosis, hypothyroidism, pyoderma, dermatophytosis and mixed infestation, respectively. Dermatoses associated with mange, atopic dermatitis, malasseziosis, hypothyroidism, Pyoderma, Dermatophytosis and mixed infestation were 31.37 per cent, 52.17 per cent, 26.47 per cent, 29.62 per cent, 39.13 per cent, 50.00 per cent and 46.67 per cent, respectively among the dogs between 1-3 years. Whereas, the prevalence of the same among 3-7 years and above 7 years were 52.94 and 15.68, 26.09 and 21.74, 44.12 and 29.41, 33.33 and 37.03, 21.74 and 39.13, 27.78 and 22.22 and 33.33 and 20.00 per cent, respectively. The prevalence of dermatoses in relation to gender of affected dogs revealed a highest rate in males (mange, pyoderma, dermatophytosis) in contrast to females (malasseziosis, atopic dermatitis, hypothyroidism and mixed infestation). All the cases included in the present study that were suspected for certain common dermatoses revealed similar manifestations such as pruritus, alopecia, erythema, papules, pustules, excoriations, scabs, crusts, scales and change in pigmentation. Few were also presented with rat tail appearance (hypothyroidism), urticaria, severe erythema of face, interdigits, otitis externa (atopy), greasy and offensive body odour (malasseziosis, pyoderma). Some of these cases were also presented with mixed ectoparasites like ticks, lice and fleas. Out of a total of 214 dermatoses dogs, 51 cases revealed positive for mites particularly Sarcoptes scabiei and Demodex canis. Tape impressions revealed blue colored footprint shaped yeast organisms that confirmed the diagnosis for malasseziosis. Ringworm infection suspected sample revealed positive for Trichophyton spp and Microsporum spp. Glass impression smears that were stained with gram’s stain were found positive for Staphylococcus spp thus, confirming pyoderma. Few of the cases suspected for fungal dermatosis showed a fluorescent apple green coloured areas where the lesions were present confirming Microsporum spp. Whereas, 27/214 dogs revealed significantly (P<0.05) elevated levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides along with low thyroid profile, thus confirming the hypothyroid associated dermatosis. Following intradermal injection of various allergens, 38 dogs were found sensitive for cockroach male, followed by Parthenium, cockroach female, common dust, Aspergillus fumigatus, dust mites and Trichoderma, respectively which was manifested as an erythematous swelling similar to a bee sting with a sharp ridge at the peripheral margin within 15 minutes. The severity was recorded as +, ++, +++ and ++++ if the area was within 3 cm, 3-4 cm, 4-4.5 cm and more than 4.5cm. Scanning electron microscopy revealed Sarcoptes scabiei, Demodex canis, Malassezia pachydermatis and Trichophyton spp. Based on intra dermal allergic skin test, dogs of various breed, age and sex that were presented with erythema, pruritus and alopecia and diagnosed for canine atopic dermatitis were proportionately divided into 3 groups such as Group I, II and III with 15 in each and subjected for therapeutic trail. All the 15 dogs of Group I showed clinical improvement from day 7 with complete clinical recovery within 20 days of treatment. and the same among GII dogs started from day 10 with complete recovery among all the affected cases by day 30. Whereas, clinical improvement among group III dogs was gradual and slow from day 15 with complete clinical recovery by the end of therapeutic period (day 30) among only 11 cases. Among all the dogs of Group I, following therapy with topical tacrolimus spray twice daily, apart from clinical improvement from day 7, a significant improvement in hypersensitive reaction towards all the allergens was also noticed on day 10. Similarly among group II cases that received oral tacrolimus, twice daily, along with clinical improvement from day 7, a non significant improvement in hypersensitive reaction against intra dermal allergic skin test was noticed on day 10. However, a significantly (P<0.05) decreased hypersensitive zone was recorded on day 20. Whereas, improvement in group III cases was non-significant on day 20 but significantly different on day 30. However, there was a significant difference (P< 0.05) with respect to these parameters between group I, group II and III dogs, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NATURAL AND EXPERIMENTAL AFLATOXICOSIS WITH REFERENCE TO EPIZOOTIOLOGY, CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC FEATURES IN FINISHER SWINE(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1980) DHANVANTARI, D; NARAYANA RAO, P.L(MAJOR); KRISHNA SWAMY, S; SUBBA RAO, NThesisItem Open Access EPlZOOTIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CALF MORTALITY AMONG CROSSBREDS AND BUFFALOES IN CERTAIN ORGANISED FARMS IN PARTS OF ANDHRA PRADESH(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1980) NARAYANA RAO, PlNISETTl; NARAYANA RAO, P.L(MAJOR); KRISHNA SWAMY, K; SUBBA RAO, NThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ADVANCED DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC GASTRITIS IN DOGS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2012-01) ABHISHEK KALUNDIA; Satish Kumar, K(MAJOR); Tirumala Rao, D.S; Chandrashekhar, E.LABSTRACT: The prevalence of chronic gastritis in dogs that was associated with drug induced, dietary cause/food allergy, bacterial, systemic causes, foreign body and due to anatomical defect was recorded as 14.92, 14.92, 16.42, 17.91, 12.69, 12.69 and 10.45 per cent, respectively. Prevalence of chronic gastritis of various causes mentioned above, in relation to breed, was recorded highest among German shepherds and Labradors respectively, and lowest in Daschunds, Cocker spaniels, Spitz, Golden retrievers, Mongrels and Dobermans respectively. With respect to age, highest prevalence was recorded in dogs aged between 1-7 years (drug induced, bacterial, foreign body and anatomical anomalies), following upto 1yr (parasitic, food allergy, foreign body and anatomical defect) compared to the chronic gastritis in dogs under 12 months (drug induced and systemic causes). The prevalence of chronic gastritis in relation to gender of affected dogs revealed a highest rate in males in contrast to females. Except in bacterial gastritis, temperature, pulse and respiratory rate of vomiting dogs of various etiology remained in normal range. Dehydration, vomiting with mucous, fresh blood, partially digested blood, blood clots, coffee colored, bile, undigested food were the significant clinical manifestations. Whereas, icterus and pruritus was recorded in systemic disease and dietary indiscretion associated chronic gastritis in dogs. Significantly decreased TEC, Hb, with elevated PCV and TLC was common hematological abnormalities among all the chronic gastritis affected dogs. Except neutrophilia and monocytosis among bacterial gastritis in dogs, no difference was noticed with other dogs. Similarly, elevated levels of ALT and ALP with decreased TP and albumin were recorded among the vomiting dogs of both the subgroups of groups II, III and IV. Further, hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypochloremia were the common electrolyte abnormalities in all the gastritis affected dogs. Megaesophagus, lower esophageal stricture / stenosis, foreign body obstruction and esophageal diverticulum were the significant radiographic abnormalities. A thickened gastric wall, thickened rugal folds, and loss or decreased definition of the normal gastric wall layers were identified ultrasonographically in dogs with chronic gastritis. Reddening, roughening, petechiation, haemorrhage, perforations, increased granularity or friability, constrictions, erosions, ulcers and mass lesions and rugal and mucosal thickening or hypertrophy along the mucus lining of cardiac, fundus and pylorus were significant endoscopic abnormalities. Culture studies of biopsy samples from stomach revealed negative result but the same sample on rapid urease test revealed positive results for Helicobacter spp. Histopathologically, eosinophilic, lymphoplasmacytic (lymphocyte and plasma cell dominated), ulceration, granulomatous (macrophage dominated), pyogranulomatous (neutrophils and macrophages), fibrosis were specific findings. Following therapy for 5 days with respective regimens, the specific signs, hematological, biochemical and other findings improved significantly among both the subgroup dogs of the group I(drug induged gastritis), II( dietary induced gastritis), III (helicobacter associated) and IV (gastritis due to other systemic causes) dogs that were treated for varied etiology. However, relatively faster clinical recovery and early improvement with respect to various hemato-biochemical parameters were observed among the sub group ‘b’ dogs of I, II, III and IV group dogs. However, with respect to various endoscopic abnormalities like ulcerations, erosions, hypertrophic, thick gastric mucosa that were noticed in chronic gastritis affected dogs before the onset of therapy did not showed complete recovery (except clinical improvement) by the end of day 5 except healing and absence of ulcers and erosions (fig. 69 to 70). Whereas, Helicobactor associated gastritis in dogs that were found positive for rapid urease test also showed clinical improvement by absence of vomiting and normal appetite by day 5. However, complete recovery without presence of the specific bacteria was only noticed after two weeks.ThesisItem Open Access POSTPARTUM INDIGESTION WITH REFERENCE TO HEPATIC INSUFFICIENCY AND ITS THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT IN BUFFALOES(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2011-12) PRAVEENA, G; PADMAJA, G(MAJOR); TIRUMALA RAO, D.S; GOPALA REDDY, AABSTRACT: The present investigation on postparturient indigestion (PPI) with hepatic insufficiency was under taken to study the incidence, clinical and biochemical findings, therapeutic efficacy of certain drugs in the treatment of PPI in buffaloes associated with hepatic insufficiency. Out of 181 recently calved (zero to two months after calving) buffaloes with the history of reduced feed intake and decreased milk yield presented at Ambulatory clinic, Mylardevpally, Campus Veterinary Hospital, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar and a few periurban dairy farms located in and around Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 64 (35.36%) buffaloes were found suffering with PPI. On detailed clinical examination and urine analysis of cases of PPI, it was observed that 30 (46.87 %) buffaloes had hepatic insufficiency. PPI with hepatic insufficiency of 30 buffaloes were divided in to three groups II, III and IV for conducting therapeutic trails. Ten apparently healthy postparturient buffaloes (group I) were subjected to clinical observations and biochemical investigations, and they served as healthy control group. The most common and consistent symptom observed in buffaloes suffering with PPI associated with hepatic insufficiency was reduction in feed intake and decreased milk yield. Scanty dung was observed in few cases. There was no significant difference in the values of temperature, pulse and respiratory rate of PPI animals associated with hepatic insufficiency before and after treatment, which indicated that PPI associated with hepatic insufficiency had no significant effect on the above parameters. All the animals during the treatment regained the appetite and milk yield was increased. Ruminal motility was increased significantly (P<0.01). Urine analysis was normal in all the groups after the treatment. Buffaloes of group II were treated with inj. Intalyte 0.5 g/kg b.wt i/v for one day and inj. Tribivet 10 ml i/m for 5 days. The mean serum glucose, total protein and albumin levels were increased significantly (P<0.01). There was a significant (P<0.01) increase in milk yield, improvement in milk yield was 46% and recovery in days was 3.60 ± 0.16. Buffaloes of group III were treated with inj.Intalyte 0.5 g/kg b.wt i/v for one day and inj.Catosol 5 ml/100kg b.wt i/m for 5 days. The mean serum glucose, total protein and albumin levels were increased significantly (P<0.01). The mean serum AST and GGT levels were decreased significantly (P<0.01). There was a significant (P<0.01) increase in milk yield, improvement in milk yield was 55% and recovery in days was 2.50 ± 0.17. The comparative means of above parameters revealed that the treatment given to group III animals was more effective. Buffaloes of group IV were treated with inj. Intalyte 0.5 g/kg b.wt i/v for one day and inj. Toxol 10 ml i/m for 5 days. The mean serum glucose, total protein and albumin levels were increased significantly (P<0.01). There was a significant (P<0.01) increase in milk yield, improvement in milk yield was 38.28% and recovery in days was 4.70 ± 0.15. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combination of inj. Intalyte for one day and inj. Catosal given for 5 days found to be more effective in the treatment of PPI with hepatic insufficiency.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICO-DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON SUBCLINICAL FORMS OF CERTAIN PRODUCTION DISEASES IN CROSSBRED COWS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2011-11) AMBICA, G; TIRUMALA RAO, D.S(MAJOR); AMEER HAMZA, P; RAGHAVENDER, K.B.P; GOPALA REDDY, AABSTRACT: The present clinical investigation was undertaken to study the incidence, clinical and haemato biochemical findings, therapy and therapeutic efficacy of certain drugs and to evolve a suitable comprehensive therapeutic regimen in cows with subclinical forms of certain production diseases viz., hypocalcaemia, ketosis, hypophosphataemia and hypomagnesaemia. Out of 280 recently parturated (from day zero to two months post calving) cows presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Campus Hospital, Rajendranagar; Dairy experimental station, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar and surrounding peri urban areas with the history of reduced feed intake and decreased milk yield during a study period of 14 months, 106 (37.86 per cent) were suffering from one or more than one of the above said subclinical production diseases. On detailed clinical examination, urine analysis and serum biochemistry, it was observed that 24 cows were positive for subclinical hypocalcaemia (group - I), 38 for subclinical ketosis (group - II), 8 for subclinical hypophosphataemia (group - Ill) and 5 for subclinical hypomagnesaemia (group - IV), which accounted the incidence of 22.64, 35.85, 7.55 and 4.72 per cent, respectively. The incidence of more than one of the above said deficiencies (mixed deficiencies, group - V) was recorded in 31 cows which accounted for 29.24 per cent, out of that the incidence of subclinical hypocalcaemia along with 'ketosis; subclinical hypocalcaemia along with ketosis and hypomagnesaernia; subclinical hypocalcaemia along with hypophosphataemia; and subclinical hypocalcaemia along with hypomagnesaemia was observed in 17, 4, 7 and 3 cows, respectively with a corresponding incidence of 16.04%, 3.77%. 6.60% and 2.83%, respectively. Each group was again subdivided into two subgroups viz., la, Ib; Ila, Ilb; Illa, Illb; IVa, IVb and Va, Vb to study and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of oral and parenteral drugs. 10 apparently healthy postparturient cows (group - VI) were maintained as healthy control group. The clinical observations in cows suffering from subclinical form of production diseases revealed reduced feed intake and decreased milk yield. There was no significant difference in the values of temperature and pulse rate before and after treatment in all the groups, which indicated that subclinical form of production diseases had no significant effect. All the animals during the treatment regained the appetite and milk yield. Ruminal motility was increased significantly (Pe0.01) and urine analysis was normal in all the groups after the treatment. Group la and Ib cows were low in urinary and serum calcium levels. Animals belonging to group la has received Calup Gel @ 300 g orally OD for 3 days and Rumen-FS bolus @ 2 boli orally BID for 5 days and group Ib animals were administered Inj. 25% lntacal @ 450 ml iv OD for 3 days and Inj. Tribivet @ 10-1 5 rnl im OD for 3 days. Among haematological parameters the mean Hb level was increased significantly (Pc0.05)in group la, where as in group Ib mean Hb, TLC and granulocyte percent were increased significantly (Pc0.05). Among serum parameters increased mean serum calcium and magnesium were significant at 1% (Pc0.01) and increased phosphorus and total protein and decreased serum glucose and AST were signficant at 5% (Pc0.05) in group la, where as in group Ib increased calcium and decreased serum glucose. magnesium and AST were significant at 1% (Pc0.01) and increased total protein and albumin at 5% (Pc0.05). The comparative means of serum glucose, calcium, magnesium and AST of healthy, group la and Ib revealed that the treatment given to group Ib was more effective. Group Ila and Ilb animals were found positive for urinary ketones. Animals belonging to group Ila were administered Ketonil Gel orally @ 1 tube/day for 2 days, followed by half of the tube for next 2 days and Liq. €-Booster @ 200 ml orally BID for 2 days followed by 100ml BID for next 2 days, where as group Ilb cows were administered Inj. Wocktrose-25 @ 540 ml iv OD for 3 days, Inj. Ketocort @ 1Omg total dose im for 3 days and Inj. Tribivet @ 5 ml im for 3 days. Among haematological parameters the mean TLC was increased significantly at 1% (P<0.01) and mean Hb, monocytes, granulocytes percent, MCH and MCV were increased significantly at 5 OO/ (P~0.05i)n group Ila cows, while in group Ilb mean Hb, TLC, monocytes and granulocytes Oh were increased significantly at 1 % (PcO.01) and mean PCV, TEC, MCH and MCV were increased significantly at 5% (Pc0.05). Among serum parameters, significantly increased mean serum glucose, calcium, total protein and albumin and decreased AST levels at 5% (Pc0.05) in groups Ila, where as in group Ilb increased mean serum glucose and calcium and decreased AST were significant at 1% (P-=0.01) and increased serum total protein and albumin was at 5% (Pc0.05) level. Though there was an improvement in both the groups, the comparative means of serum glucose, calcium and AST of healthy, group Ila and Ilb revealed that the treatment given to group Ilb was more effective. Group llla and lllb cows were low in serum phosphorus. Cows belonging to group llla were administered Sodaphos powder @ 30-60 g orally OD for 5 days and Ferritas bolus @ 2 boli orally OD for 5 days. while group lllb animals were administered Inj. Urimin @ 10-15 ml im OD for 3 days and Inj. Ferritas @ 1 rnll 50 kg body weight im once. Among haematological parameters the mean Hb, PCV, TEC and MCV increased significantly (Pc0.05) in group Illa; and in group lllb mean Hb, PCV and TEC were increased significantly at 1% (Pc0.01) and mean lymphocytes, MCV and MCH were increased significantly at 5% (Pc0.05). Among serum parameters decreased serum glucose and ALP and increased calcium were significant at 1% (PcO.01) and increased phosphorus and magnesium and decreased AST at 5% (Pc0.05) in group llla and in group lllb decreased serum glucose, AST and ALP and increased calcium and phosphorus were significant at 1% (P