CLINICO-DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON SUBCLINICAL FORMS OF CERTAIN PRODUCTION DISEASES IN CROSSBRED COWS
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Date
2011-11
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
The present clinical investigation was undertaken to study the incidence,
clinical and haemato biochemical findings, therapy and therapeutic efficacy of
certain drugs and to evolve a suitable comprehensive therapeutic regimen in
cows with subclinical forms of certain production diseases viz., hypocalcaemia,
ketosis, hypophosphataemia and hypomagnesaemia.
Out of 280 recently parturated (from day zero to two months post calving)
cows presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Campus Hospital,
Rajendranagar; Dairy experimental station, College of Veterinary Science,
Rajendranagar and surrounding peri urban areas with the history of reduced feed
intake and decreased milk yield during a study period of 14 months, 106 (37.86
per cent) were suffering from one or more than one of the above said subclinical
production diseases. On detailed clinical examination, urine analysis and serum
biochemistry, it was observed that 24 cows were positive for subclinical
hypocalcaemia (group - I), 38 for subclinical ketosis (group - II), 8 for subclinical
hypophosphataemia (group - Ill) and 5 for subclinical hypomagnesaemia (group -
IV), which accounted the incidence of 22.64, 35.85, 7.55 and 4.72 per cent,
respectively. The incidence of more than one of the above said deficiencies
(mixed deficiencies, group - V) was recorded in 31 cows which accounted for
29.24 per cent, out of that the incidence of subclinical hypocalcaemia along with
'ketosis; subclinical hypocalcaemia along with ketosis and hypomagnesaernia;
subclinical hypocalcaemia along with hypophosphataemia; and subclinical
hypocalcaemia along with hypomagnesaemia was observed in 17, 4, 7 and 3
cows, respectively with a corresponding incidence of 16.04%, 3.77%. 6.60% and
2.83%, respectively. Each group was again subdivided into two subgroups viz.,
la, Ib; Ila, Ilb; Illa, Illb; IVa, IVb and Va, Vb to study and evaluate the therapeutic
efficacy of oral and parenteral drugs. 10 apparently healthy postparturient cows
(group - VI) were maintained as healthy control group.
The clinical observations in cows suffering from subclinical form of
production diseases revealed reduced feed intake and decreased milk yield.
There was no significant difference in the values of temperature and pulse rate
before and after treatment in all the groups, which indicated that subclinical form
of production diseases had no significant effect. All the animals during the
treatment regained the appetite and milk yield. Ruminal motility was increased
significantly (Pe0.01) and urine analysis was normal in all the groups after the
treatment.
Group la and Ib cows were low in urinary and serum calcium levels.
Animals belonging to group la has received Calup Gel @ 300 g orally OD for 3
days and Rumen-FS bolus @ 2 boli orally BID for 5 days and group Ib animals
were administered Inj. 25% lntacal @ 450 ml iv OD for 3 days and Inj. Tribivet @
10-1 5 rnl im OD for 3 days. Among haematological parameters the mean Hb level
was increased significantly (Pc0.05)in group la, where as in group Ib mean Hb,
TLC and granulocyte percent were increased significantly (Pc0.05). Among
serum parameters increased mean serum calcium and magnesium were
significant at 1% (Pc0.01) and increased phosphorus and total protein and
decreased serum glucose and AST were signficant at 5% (Pc0.05) in group la,
where as in group Ib increased calcium and decreased serum glucose.
magnesium and AST were significant at 1% (Pc0.01) and increased total protein
and albumin at 5% (Pc0.05). The comparative means of serum glucose, calcium,
magnesium and AST of healthy, group la and Ib revealed that the treatment
given to group Ib was more effective.
Group Ila and Ilb animals were found positive for urinary ketones. Animals
belonging to group Ila were administered Ketonil Gel orally @ 1 tube/day for 2
days, followed by half of the tube for next 2 days and Liq. €-Booster @ 200 ml
orally BID for 2 days followed by 100ml BID for next 2 days, where as group Ilb
cows were administered Inj. Wocktrose-25 @ 540 ml iv OD for 3 days, Inj.
Ketocort @ 1Omg total dose im for 3 days and Inj. Tribivet @ 5 ml im for 3 days.
Among haematological parameters the mean TLC was increased significantly at
1% (P<0.01) and mean Hb, monocytes, granulocytes percent, MCH and MCV
were increased significantly at 5 OO/ (P~0.05i)n group Ila cows, while in group Ilb
mean Hb, TLC, monocytes and granulocytes Oh were increased significantly at
1 % (PcO.01) and mean PCV, TEC, MCH and MCV were increased significantly at
5% (Pc0.05). Among serum parameters, significantly increased mean serum
glucose, calcium, total protein and albumin and decreased AST levels at 5%
(Pc0.05) in groups Ila, where as in group Ilb increased mean serum glucose and
calcium and decreased AST were significant at 1% (P-=0.01) and increased
serum total protein and albumin was at 5% (Pc0.05) level. Though there was an
improvement in both the groups, the comparative means of serum glucose,
calcium and AST of healthy, group Ila and Ilb revealed that the treatment given to
group Ilb was more effective.
Group llla and lllb cows were low in serum phosphorus. Cows belonging
to group llla were administered Sodaphos powder @ 30-60 g orally OD for 5
days and Ferritas bolus @ 2 boli orally OD for 5 days. while group lllb animals
were administered Inj. Urimin @ 10-15 ml im OD for 3 days and Inj. Ferritas @ 1
rnll 50 kg body weight im once. Among haematological parameters the mean Hb,
PCV, TEC and MCV increased significantly (Pc0.05) in group Illa; and in group
lllb mean Hb, PCV and TEC were increased significantly at 1% (Pc0.01) and
mean lymphocytes, MCV and MCH were increased significantly at 5% (Pc0.05).
Among serum parameters decreased serum glucose and ALP and increased
calcium were significant at 1% (PcO.01) and increased phosphorus and
magnesium and decreased AST at 5% (Pc0.05) in group llla and in group lllb
decreased serum glucose, AST and ALP and increased calcium and phosphorus
were significant at 1% (P<O.Ol) and increased magnesium, total protein and
albumin at 5% (P<0.05). The comparative means of serum glucose, calcium,
phosphorus, AST and ALP of healthy, group llla and lllb revealed that the
treatment given to group lllb was more effective.
Cows belonging to group IVa and IVb were low in serum magnesium.
Cows belonging to group IVa were administered Magnesium oxide @ 60 g orally
OD for 3 days and Rumen-FS bolus @ 2 boli BID for 5 days, whereas group IVb
animals were provided 50% Magsulf @ 200 ml sc OD for 2 days and Inj. Tribivet
@ 5 ml IM OD for 3 days. Among haematological parameters the mean
lymphocytes percent was increased significantly at (Pc0.05) in group IVb. Among
serum parameters the serum glucose and magnesium were increased
significantly at 1% (P<0.01) and calcium at 5% (Pc0.05) in group IVa, whereas in
group IVb serum glucose, magnesium and calcium were increased significantly
at 1% (P<O.Ol) and increased phosphorus, total protein and albumin and
decreased AST were significant at 5% (Pc0.05). The comparative means of
serum glucose, calcium and magnesium of healthy, group IVa and IVb revealed
that the treatment given to group IVb was more effective.
Group Va and Vb cows had more than one above said deficiencies viz.,
mixed deficiency. Cows belonging to group Va were administered Mifex Oral @
100 ml OD for 3 days and Rumen-FS bolus @ 2 boli BID for 5 days, and group
Vb animals were administered Inj. Pfizer milk fever formula @ 450 ml iv for 3
days and Inj. Tribivet @ 5 ml IM for 3 days. Among haematological parameters
the mean Hb, TEC, TLC, lymphocytes and monocytes (O/O) were increased
significantly (pc0.05) in group Vb. Among serum parameters, increase in mean
serum calcium was at 1% (Pe0.01) and increased mean glucose and decreased
AST were at 5% (Pc0.05) in group Va. whereas in group Vb increased serum
glucose, calcium, total protein and albumin were increased significantly at 1 %
(Pc0.01) and increased magnesium was at 5% (Pd0.05).
Therefore, it can be concluded that for early detection of subclinical form of
production diseases, urine test was quite sensitive for ditecting subclinical forms
of hypocalcaemia and ketosis where as serum analysis is necessary for
diagnosing of subclinical forms of hypophosphataemia and hypomagnesaemia.
Further it can also be concluded that that in the treatment of subclinical metabolic
diseases parenteral administration of concerned deficient mineral and supportive
therapy with the combination of rumentorics, probiotics and B-complex vitamins is
recommended for successful therapy.
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