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20225
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Subject: Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DYSTOCIA INDUCED BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN EWES (Ovis aries)
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2022-08) PREETHI, J; PRABHAKAR RAO, K(MAJOR); SRINIVAS, MANDA; SREENU, MAKKENA
    The present study was undertaken in dystocia affected ewes, which were presented to the Obstetrical unit, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics. Detailed obstetrical examinations were performed in referral dystocia cases of ewes (n=84) and the incidences of maternal and fetal dystocia were recorded and analysed. Further, biochemical and oxidative parameters were recorded and compared between dystocia affected (Group 1, n=6) and normally lambed (Group 2, n=6) ewes at presentation (0 hrs) and after treatment (24 hrs). The incidences of maternal and fetal dystocia in the present study were 64.29% and 35.71%, respectively among the cases presented between January 2020 to December 2021. Uterine torsion was the most common maternal cause of dystocia, accounting for an incidence of 70.38% among all the maternal dystocia cases with an overall incidence of 45.24% among all the dystocia cases. Higher numbers of pluriparous ewes (63.15%) presented to the referral center at 24-36 hrs after existence suffered from right sided uterine torsion (84.22%) and delivered higher number of male fetuses (73.68%) in anterior longitudinal presentation (84.21%) and dorso-sacral to dorso-ilial position. Fetal dystocia (35.72%) also occurred more frequently in pluriparous ewes (66.67%) and higher percentage of fetuses were in anterior longitudinal presentation (86.66%) with limb flexions and most of them were dead (80.00%). Biochemical parameters recorded in the present study revealed that the activity of ALT (IU/L) was significantly (P≤0.01) higher, whereas AST (IU/L) was non-significantly higher in dystocia affected ewes when compared to the eutocia ewes at the time of presentation (0 hrs). Significant (P≤0.05) decrease in the total protein, albumin and globulin concentration in dystocia affected ewes were observed when compared with the eutocia ewes at the time of presentation (0 hrs). While, a non-significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in the levels of mean albumin to globulin ratio in dystocia affected and normally lambed ewes. Oxidative stress parameters recorded in the present study revealed that MDA activity was increased in dystocia affected ewes, whereas SOD and GPx activity were decreased as compared to eutocic ewes. It was concluded that evaluation of ALT, AST, total protein with oxidative parameters (MDA, SOD, GSH-Px) could be used as indicators for the severity of the condition and to predict the prognosis of dystocia. Assessment of oxidative and antioxidant parameters were necessary to initiate emergency care and to attempt early treatment of dystocia to improve the prognosis and for prompt recovery.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF IMMUNOMODULATORS IN SUBCLINICAL ENDOMETRITIS OF CROSSBRED COWS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2022-08) LEELA MANI, B; VENKATA NAIDU, G(MAJOR); SRINIVAS, MANDA; SREENU, MAKKENA
    The present investigation was conducted to assess the clinical recovery from subclinical endometritis following the treatment with double prostaglandin injections (Group 1; n=10) and intrauterine infusion of E. coli LPS (Group 2; n=10) in comparison with phosphate buffer saline (Group 3; n=10) in crossbred cows by pH and uterine discharge cytology. The characterization of repeat breeding in crossbred cows (n=105) based on per-rectal palpation of the reproductive tract, revealed that 13.33% had cystic ovarian degeneration, 68.57% had endometritis, 5.72% had mucometra/ hydrometra, 11.43% had kinked or fibrosed cervix and 0.95% had uterine adhesions. Of which, endometritis was the most common cause with an occurrence of 68.57 (72/105) per cent. Occurrence of subclinical endometritis based on per rectal examination, appearance of cervico-vaginal mucus (score), pH and uterine discharge cytology was 63.89, 63.89, 58.33 and 51.39 per cent, respectively. While, occurrence of clinical endometritis was 36.11, 36.11, 41.67 and 48.61 per cent, respectively. Subclinical endometritis could be diagnosed preliminarily based on pH and appearance of cervico-vaginal mucus. Uterine discharge cytology by aspiration technique and staining with Field’s stain could be easily performed at field level. Biochemical cues (metabolites, enzymes and minerals) revealed that variations in serum at post-treatment estrus as compared to pretreatment estrus values indicated the clearing of uterine infection after therapy. In the present study, intrauterine infusion of E.coli LPS (100 μg) yielded promising recovery (90.00%) and conception rates (88.88%) in the treatment of subclinical endometritis affected crossbred cows as compared to double prostaglandin injections (80.00% Vs 62.50%)and intrauterine infusion of phosphate buffer saline (30.00% Vs 33.33%). In conclusion, therapy with E.coli LPS could be effectively used as an alternative to traditional intrauterine antibiotic therapy or antimicrobial agents with better efficacy to cure the subclinical endometritis by promoting uterine defense mechanism.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL VARIATIONS IN DYSTOCIA AFFECTED EWES (0vis aries)
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2022-07) ANUSHA, D; CHANDRA PRASAD, B(MAJOR); SRINIVAS, MANDA; DEVI PRASAD
    The present study entitled “Haemato-biochemical variations in dystocia affected ewes (Ovis aries)” was conducted by analyzing data of cases presented to the Obstetrical unit, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh during the period from February 2020 to November 2021. The percentage of incidence of maternal and fetal dystocia in the present study was 64.28 and 35.72, respectively. The maternal causes of dystocia included uterine torsion (70.38%), incomplete cervical dilation (25.92%) and hydrallantois (3.70%). The fetal causes of dystocia included deviation of head (33.37%), fetal monster (6.66%), fetal emphysema (6.66%), carpal flexion (20%), shoulder flexion (13.33%), hip flexion (6.66%), hock flexion (6.66%) and simultaneous presentation (6.66%). In the present study, out of 84 dystocia affected ewes, 12 ewes of distinct parities were utilized in the study and divided into two groups, (1) maternal dystocia (n=6), (2) fetal dystocia (n=6) and compared with eutocia (normal parturition) (n=6) ewes reared at Livestock Farm Complex, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram. Further, haemato-biochemical variations were recorded and compared between the groups and within the groups at presentation (0 hrs) and after treatment (24 hrs). No significant (P<0.05) difference was observed between the groups for haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total erythrocyte count, while leucocytosis with neutrophilia and lymphopenia were recorded in dystocic ewes when compared to eutocic ewes. A significantly (P<0.05) higher glucose levels were observed in dystocic ewes compared to eutocic ewes. The dystocic ewes showed significantly (P<0.05) lower mean serum calcium and phosphorus than those in levels compared to eutocic group. A significantly (P<0.05) higher BUN levels were observed in dystocic ewes compared to eutocic ewes. No significant (P<0.05) difference was observed in mean serum creatinine concentrations among three groups of animals.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF EDTA-TRIS ADJUVANT TO ANTIBIOTIC IN THE TREATMENT OF SUBCLINICAL ENDOMETRITIS IN BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis)
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2022-06) JAMES FRANCIS, CHRISTO; SRINIVAS, M(MAJOR); Chandra Prasad, B; Hari Krishna, N.V.V
    The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Ceftriaxone Tazobactam+Normal saline (Group I, n=10), Ceftriaxone Tazobactam+EDTA-Tris (Group II, n=10) and EDTA-Tris (Group III, n=10) in the treatment of subclinical endometritis in postpartum Graded Murrah buffaloes. Buffaloes (n=65) presented with the history of repeat breeding were screened by per rectal examination of the genital tract, followed with assessment of cervico-vaginal mucus score, pH, uterine discharge sample optical density and uterine discharge cytology. Assessment of risk factors responsible for development of endometritis revealed that, pluriparous buffaloes with poor body condition score and maintained under poor housing hygiene had greater risk for occurrence of endometritis. Occurrence of symmetrical uterine horns with normal consistency and thick and heavy uterine horns with extra curvature upon per rectal examination were 72.31 (47/65) and 27.69 per cent (18/65), respectively. The 47 endometritic buffaloes with normal, symmetrical uterine horns were further screened for subclinical endometritis by assessment of cervico-vaginal mucus score, which revealed that 38 (80.85%) buffaloes showed clear mucus discharge of score 0. The pH of cervical mucus was moderately alkaline (7.5 to 8.0) in a high proportion of buffaloes (65.79%) which were suspected of subclinical endometritis. Occurrence of subclinical endometritis (cutoff >0.031 to 0.043) and clinical endometritis (cutoff >0.043) based on optical density measurement at 620 nm was 84.21 and 15.79 per cent, respectively. The results showed that out of the 32 buffaloes evaluated for cytological evidence 93.75% of buffaloes showed ≥5 to 10% and >10 to 15 % PMN cells, while 2 (6.25%) showed >15 per cent PMN cells. Ceftriaxone Tazobactam had shown highest sensitivity (65.0%) upon ABST and it was selected for therapeutic trails by intrauterine route. Biochemical cues revealed that variations in serum and uterine discharges at post-treatment estrus as compared to pre-treatment estrus values indicated that clearing of uterine infection after intrauterine therapy. Higher efficacy for Ceftriaxone Tazobactam+EDTA-Tris (80.00% Vs 87.50%) in terms of recovery and conception rates when compared to treatment with EDTA-Tris (66.67% Vs 71.43%) and Ceftriaxone Tazobactam+Normal saline (60.00 Vs 70.00%). In conclusion, combination of Ceftriaxone Tazobactam with EDTA-Tris had improved the clinical response and conception rate in buffaloes treated for subclinical endometritis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SELECTIVE INDICATORS FOR DIAGNOSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY FOR ENDOMETRITIS IN GRADED MURRAH BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis)
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2022-06) THANGAMANI, A; SRINIVAS, M(MAJOR); MUTHA RAO, M; SREENU, MAKKENA; ASWANI KUMAR, K; CHANDRASHEKAR REDDY, K
    The present research was conducted to identify the selective indicators for diagnosis of endometritis and to evaluate the efficacy of intrauterine immunomodulators (E.coli LPS, Oyster glycogen and autologous Platelet-rich plasma) for the treatment of endometritis (subclinical and clinical) in graded Murrah buffaloes. The characterization of repeat breeding based on affections of reproductive tract in buffaloes (n=130), revealed that most predominant cause of uterine affections was endometritis with an occurrence of 89.80 per cent (88/98). Occurrence of subclinical endometritis based on per rectal examination, appearance of uterine discharge (score), pH, white side test, leucocyte esterase strip test, optical density and uterine discharge cytology (flushing) was 82.95, 63.34, 72.73, 65.91, 78.41, 75.00 and 67.04 per cent, respectively. While, occurrence of clinical endometritis was 17.05, 36.36, 27.27, 34.09, 21.59, 25.00 and 32.95 per cent, respectively. Uterine discharge cytology (flushing technique) by Leishman’s stain and Field’s stain could be effectively used under field conditions for staining of uterine discharge smears. The mean levels of physical characteristics and analytical parameters were significantly (P≤0.05) higher in CE as compared to SCE affected and normal healthy buffaloes. However, the mean levels of physical characteristics and analytical parameters were non-significantly (P>0.05) higher in the uterine discharge of SCE than normal healthy buffaloes. The haematological changes in whole blood sample revealed no significant (P>0.05) variations in the mean Hb (gm%) and PCV (%) concentrations of normal, endometric buffaloes. While, the mean neutrophil and lymphocyte counts (%) were significantly (P≤0.01) higher in endometritis affected buffaloes than normal healthy buffaloes. However, there was no significant difference between the SCE and CE affected buffaloes. Biochemical parameters like, Urea, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase and zinc had a highly significant (P≤0.01) difference between normal and endometritis affected buffaloes. Uterine discharge of buffaloes with greater than 39.78 mg/dl, 144.79 IU/L and 98.12 IU/L of threshold concentrations in urea, ALP and CK, respectively were at a higher risk to be affected with SCE. While, uterine discharges in buffaloes with less than 50.90 mg/dl and 141.27 μg/dl of threshold concentrations in cholesterol and Zn, respectively were at a greater risk to be affected with SCE. Differentially expressed protein profiles of uterine discharge that the mean concentrations of Heat shock protein (HSP-70) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly (P≤0.01) higher in endometritis affected buffaloes than normal healthy buffaloes. However, there was a non-significant (P≥0.05) variation in HSP-70 (ng/ml) between CE and SCE affected buffaloes. On the other hand CRP (mg/L) concentration were significantly (P≤0.05) higher in CE than SCE and it was showed CRP levels an increasing trend with the increase in severity of uterine infections. The differentially expressed protein profile by SDS-PAGE analysis showed a total of 2 different protein bands were recorded with molecular weights ranging between 60 to 70 kilodaltons (kDa) in uterine discharge of normal buffaloes at the time of estrus, whereas 4 different protein bands with molecular weights ranging between 50 to 120 kilodaltons (kDa) in uterine discharge of SCE affected buffaloes. Relative quantification of pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression (Toll like receptor-4) revealed that buffaloes with SCE showed 1.14 folds up-regulation of TLR-4 mRNA compared to normal buffaloes without SCE. In the present study, intrauterine administration of E.coli LPS (100μg) and Platelet rich plasma (autologous) yielded promising recovery (90.00% and 80.00%) and conception rates (77.77% and 68.75%) in endometritis affected buffaloes as compared to Oyster glycogen treatment (65.00% and 46.15%). In conclusion, therapy with E.coli LPS and Platelet rich plasma (autologous) could be effectively used as an alternative to the traditional use of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents with better efficacy to resolve the uterine infection (both SCE and CE) by promoting uterine defense mechanism. While, PRP enriched the endometrial layers with the growth factors required for implantation and development of embryo and cured endometritis by its anti-inflammatory properties.