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Open Access
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT HORMONAL INDUCTION PROTOCOLS ON ESTRUS RESPONSE, CONCEPTION RATE AND HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN ANOESTROUS GRADED MURRAH BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis)
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2020-10) CHANDRA PRASAD, BORRA; VENKATA NAIDU, G(MAJOR); SRINIVAS, MANDA; Raghunath, M; Aswani Kumar, K
Treatment of sub-estrus and true anoestrous high yielding lactating graded Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) using estrus and ovulation hormonal protocols, Double PGF2α, Presynch-Ovsynch, Ovsynch and CIDR Ovsynch their influence on fertility in farm and field during breeding and low breeding season was studied. The estrus response following hormonal treatment was 91.30, 85.71, 91.66 and 92.85 per cent in DPG, POVS, OVS and COVS in farm where as in field it was 85.66, 80.43, 80.95, and 86.84, respectively. The onset of estrus (hrs) following hormonal treatment was 52.0, 50.31, 51.31 and 48.20 in DPG, POVS, OVS and COVS, respectively in farm and 50.12, 51.63, 53.52 and 50.31 in DPG, POVS, OVS and COVS, respectively in field. Peak estrus synchrony with incidence of estrus (63.63 to 81.81%) between 48 to 72 hours following the treatment in all the groups was observed both under farm and field conditions. Pre ovulatory follicle (POF) diameter (mm) observed at the time of AI in DPG, POVS, OVS, COVS and control group buffaloes were 12.86, 14.15, 13.16, 11.58, 11.15 and 11.45, 12.47, 11.75, 10.11, 10.15 in pregnant and non-pregnant buffaloes, respectively under farm conditions and 12.44, 14.21, 13.05, 11.32 and 11.65; 11.22, 11.31, 10.92, 9.49 and 9.35 in pregnant and non-pregnant buffaloes, respectively under field conditions. Ovulatory response (%) observed on day 10 post AI in DPG, POVS, OVS, COVS and control group buffaloes were 56.21, 78.57, 75.00, 64.28 and 56.25, respectively in farm, while the same in field was 50.00, 65.21, 61.90, 47.36 and 37.77, respectively. The mean diameter (mm) of the corpus luteum (CL) was recorded on day 10 post AI in order to study the relationship of CL with pregnancy status in treated and control buffaloes. The conception rate in relation to CL diameter (mm) was highest in POVS (17.15 Vs 64.28%) followed with OVS (16.16 Vs 58.33%), COVS (15.97 Vs 50.00%), DPG (15.95 Vs 50.00%) and control (14.65 Vs 43.75%) groups, respectively in farm, while the conception rate with that of CL diameter (mm) in field was highest in POVS (16.65 Vs 54.34%) followed with DPG (15.55 Vs 46.50%), OVS (15.05 Vs 50.00%), COVS (14.75 Vs 36.84%) and control (14.15 Vs 28.88%) groups, respectively. The per cent conception rate at induced/observed estrus were 39.13, 42.85, 41.66, 28.57 and 25.00 in DPG, POVS, OVS, COVS and control group, respectively in farm conditions, while per cent second service conception rate was 8.69, 14.28, 16.66 , 14.28 and 12.50, respectively, whereas per cent third service conception rate was 2.1, 7.14, 00.00, 7.14 and 6.25, respectively. The per cent conception rate at induced/observed estrus were 32.16, 32.60, 33.33, 23.68 and 15.55 in DPG, POVS, OVS, COVS and control group, respectively in field conditions, while per cent second service conception rate was 11.18, 15.21, 11.90, 10.52 and 8.88 respectively, whereas per cent third service conception rate was 3.14, 6.52, 4.76, 2.63 and 4.44, respectively. In the present study no significant difference was observed in serum total cholesterol concentration, mean hemoglobin (gm/dl) level and Mean PCV (%) between days of the treatment with DPG, POVS, OVS, COVS and control groups protocols in farm and field and during seasons also. The mean levels of serum progesterone recorded on different days of treatment day -10, 0, 11, day of A.I and day 21 post AI in postpartum sub estrus buffaloes during breeding and high breeding seasons in farm and field. The difference between BCS groups in farm and field were significant in POVS and OVS treated groups. Higher conception rate was recorded in buffaloes belonging to L2 group (parity) treated with POVS in both farm and field condition. In farm, higher conception rate was recorded in postpartum sub-estrus buffaloes belonging to L2 group treated with DPG during breeding and low breeding season, whereas in field higher conception rate was recorded in L2 group during breeding and L3 group during low breeding season. In the present study the conception rate varied between T1, T2, and T3 (service period) groups. Maximum conception rate was recorded in postpartum true anoestrous buffaloes subjected to OVS protocol in T2 group both at farm and field condition. While in COVS group maximum conception rate was recorded in T2 group both at farm and field condition. Maximum conception rate was observed in T2 and T3 group at farm and T2 in field level in control group. In the present study cost per pregnancy was recorded as Rs-/ 660, 1719, 1346 and 3271 in farm and 710, 2033, 1570 and 3271 in field treated with DPG, POVS, OVS and COVS respectively. It is concluded that estrus and fertility response in postpartum lactating an
Open Access
THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF PGF2α AND GnRH IN REPEAT BREEDER BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis)
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2020-01) HEMA DEEPTHI, P; VENKATA NAIDU, G (MAJOR); SRINIVAS, M; SREENU, MAKKENA; ANANDA RAO, K
The therapeutic efficacy of GnRH on corpus luteum function and embryonic mortality was investigated in 40 non-infectious repeat breeder graded Murrah buffaloes inseminated towards the end of the breeding season. Non-infectious repeat breeder buffaloes (n=30) were synchronised using double PG protocol followed by AI. In the present study 45 repeat breeder Graded Murrah buffaloes were screened to assess the different causes of repeat breeding. The causes of repeat breeding in Graded Murrah buffaloes included genitilia without any palpable abnormalities (non-infectious), subclinical endometritis and tubal blockage recorded in 40, 5, 0 buffaloes and the percentage incidence was 88.88, 11.12 and 0, respectively. White side test and PSP dye test could be effectively used to diagnosis the subclinical endometritis and tubal blockage, respectively. The selected buffaloes were allowed to skip one estrous cycle for careful observation of estrus parameters such as length of estrous cycle (days), duration of estrus (hrs) and intensity of estrus (points) which were recorded as 21.47±0.40 days, 23.50±0.03 hours, 13.42±0.37 points respectively. After administration of double PGF2α protocol, the estrus response rate (%), mean time of onset of estrus (hrs), ovulation response rate (%) in 30 repeat breeder buffaloes were 90 per cent (27/30), 54±1.70 hrs and 66.66 per cent (18/27), respectively. The efficacy of GnRH was studied in Group I (20μg of GnRH just before AI at observed estrus), Group II (20μg of GnRH just before AI at observed estrus and 5th day of post AI) and Group III (20μg of GnRH just before AI at observed estrus and 15th day post insemination), in terms of conception rates while untreated repeat breeder buffaloes were kept as controls (Group IV, n=10). The serum concentrations of total cholesterol, total protein, glucose, calcium and phosphorus varied significantly (P<0.05) between conceived and non-conceived buffaloes (higher in conceived than that of non- conceived buffaloes) of Group I, II, III and IV. The results from the present study revealed a significant difference (P<0.01) in the serum progesterone profiles between conceived and non-conceived buffaloes among all the treatment groups on day 30 post AI. However there was no significant difference (P>0.01) in serum progesterone profiles in both conceived and non-conceived buffaloes of all the treatment groups at initiation of hormonal treatment and at induced estrus. These results also revealed significantly higher values of (P<0.05) serum progesterone profile on day 30 post AI compared to other days of collection in conceived buffaloes. The overall conception rates (%) of repeat breeding Graded Murrah buffaloes in Group I, II III and control group (Group IV) were recorded to be 33.33 (3/9), 55.55 (5/9), 55.55 (5/9) and 20 (2/10) per cent, respectively. It was further, concluded that GnRH could be given on the day of AI along with day 5 (Group II) and day 15 (Group III) to achieve higher (55.55 and 55.55 %) conception rates when compared with that of administration of GnRH only on the day of AI (Group I-33.33 %) and control group (20.00 %). It was concluded that application of double PGF2α protocol as a fertility management strategy was effective for induction and synchronization of fertile estrus and ovulation in non-infectious repeat breeder buffaloes. It was further concluded that hormone GnRH could be used to enhance the serum progesterone concentrations when administered on day 5 or day 15 after artificial insemination in repeat breeding buffaloes
Open Access
RELATIVE EFFICACY OF DOUBLESYNCH AND ESTRADOUBLESYNCH PROTOCOLS FOR IMPROVING FERTILITY IN REPEAT BREEDING GRADED MURRAH BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis)
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2020-01) VIJAYA KUMAR REDDY, M; SRINIVAS, MANDA (MAJOR); MUTHA RAO, M; DEVI PRASAD, V
The present study entitled “Relative efficacy of Doublesynch and Estradoublesynch protocols for improving fertility in repeat breeding Graded Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)” was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two estrus synchronization protocols, viz., Doublesynch and Estradoublesynch. The study was conducted during the low breeding season from March to August 2019. A total of 120 infertile Graded Murrah buffaloes were screened by performing per rectal palpation, white side test and PSP dye test. The causes for conception failure were established in the present study and were categorized as animals without any palpable abnormalities (repeat breeders), subclinical endometritis, tubal blockage and cystic ovaries were recorded with a per cent incidence of 30.0, 62.5, 5.0 and 2.5, respectively. After screening, 36 repeat breeder buffaloes were selected and were randomly assigned into 3 groups (12 buffaloes in each protocol and in control group). Group 1 (Doublesynch protocol) repeat breeder buffaloes were administered with PGF2α on day 0, GnRH on day 2, second PGF2α on day 9 and second GnRH on day 11 with FTAI twice at 16 and 24 hrs after second GnRH administration. Group 2 (Estradoublesynch protocol) repeat breeder buffaloes were administered with PGF2α on day 0, GnRH on day 2, second PGF2α on day 9 and estradiol benzoate (EB) on day 10 with FTAI twice at 48 and 60 hrs after EB injection while Group 3 (Control group) repeat breeder buffaloes were not given any treatment and were inseminated at detected natural estrus. Blood samples were collected for haemato-biochemical studies. The mean haemoglobin and PCV values varied non-significantly (P>0.05) between day 0 and day of induced estrus in both treatment and control groups. The serum glucose, total protein, total cholesterol and calcium profiles were significantly higher (P<0.05) in conceived than that of non-conceived buffaloes of both treatment and control groups. The serum phosphorus levels varied non-significantly (P>0.05) between conceived and non-conceived buffaloes of both treatment and control groups. There was no significance difference (P>0.05) in serum glucose, total protein, cholesterol, calcium and phosphorus levels on different days of treatment/AI among conceived and non-conceived buffaloes in both treatment and control groups. The mean serum progesterone profiles on day 9 and day 18 post AI were significantly higher (P<0.05) to that of day 0 and day 12 (day of induced estrus) in Doublesynch and Estradoublesynch treatment groups. Significantly higher levels (P<0.05) of serum biochemical and progesterone profiles in conceived than that of non-conceived buffaloes resulted in improved conception rates in both the treatment groups. The estrus induction response rates recorded were 91.66 % (11/12), 100 % (12/12) and 75 % (9/12) in Doublesynch, Estradoublesynch and control groups, respectively. Estradoublesynch treatment group animals exhibited more intense heat signs 41.66 % (5/12) when compared to Doublesynch 36.36 % (4/11). The artificial insemination submission rates were 91.66 % (11/12), 100 % (12/12) and 75 % (9/12) in Doublesynch, Estradoublesynch and control groups, respectively. The conception rates of repeat breeding Graded Murrah buffaloes at induced estrus with FTAI were 54.54 % (6/11) and 58.33 % (7/12) with Doublesynch and Estradoublesynch, respectively while the same was 22.22 % (2/9) at detected natural estrus in repeat breeder Graded Murrah buffaloes of untreated control group. From the results of the present study, it was concluded that the practicing veterinarians could effectively handle repeat breeding syndrome of buffaloes by adopting either Doublesynch or Estradoublesynch protocols. However, Estradoublesynch had a marginal advantage over Doublesynch protocol in the improvement of fertility in repeat breeder buffaloes as it resulted in intense estrus signs with ease in passage of AI gun at insemination.
Open Access
STUDIES ON EFFICACY OF GnRH AND hCG DURING MID LUTEAL STAGE OF THE CYCLE IN REPEAT BREEDER GRADED MURRAH BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis)
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-04) VENKATESWARLU, M; SADASIVA RAO, K(MAJOR); SRINIVAS, M; DEVI PRASAD, V
The present investigation entitled “Studies on efficacy of GnRH and hCG during mid luteal stage of the cycle in repeat breeder Graded Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)” was taken up by screening 130 repeat breeder lactating buffaloes to study the causes of repeat breeding. The efficacy of GnRH (Group 1 – 10μg of GnRH 8 hours before AI at observed estrus and Group 2 – 10μg of GnRH 8 hours before AI at observed estrus and 13th day of post insemination) and hCG (Group 3 – 1500 IU of hCG 8 hours before AI at observed estrus and Group 4 – 1500 IU of hCG 8 hours before AI at observed estrus and 13th day of post insemination) protocols for enhancement of conception rates were studied in 60 repeat breeding Graded Murrah buffaloes in comparison with normal cyclical buffaloes as untreated control (Group 5). The causes of repeat breeding in Graded Murrah buffaloes reared under rural climatic condition includes, repeat breeders without any palpable abnormalities in the genital tract, subclinical endometritis and tubal blockage was recorded to be 60, 66, 4 buffaloes and the percentage was 46.15, 50.78, 3.07, respectively among 130 repeat breeder buffaloes examined. White side test and PSP dye test could be effectively used to diagnosis the subclinical endometritis and tubal blockage, respectively. The mean length of estrous cycle in repeat breeders and normal cyclical buffaloes was 21.68±0.39 and 22.60±0.31 days; duration of estrus was 22.10±0.33 and 24.39±0.08 hours; intensity of estrus 13.42±0.37 and 15.4±0.63 points, respectively. There was no significant difference (P<0.05) in length of the estrous cycle, whereas significantly (P<0.05) less in duration of estrus and lower intensity of estrus in repeat breeder buffaloes when compared with that of normal cyclical buffaloes. Repeat breeder Graded Murrah buffaloes exhibited lowered levels of mean haemoglobin (8.61±0.20 gm%), PCV (35.21±0.99 %) when compared to normal cyclic buffaloes. Further, biochemical parameters viz., mean serum glucose (48.26±2.83 mg/dl), calcium (7.21±0.18 mg/dl), phosphorus (4.44±0.12 mg/dl), total protein (6.57±0.09 g/dl) and cholesterol (85.57±1.90 mg/dl) concentration also showed lowered levels in repeat breeder buffaloes when compared to normal cyclical buffaloes. The conception rates of repeat breeding Graded Murrah buffaloes in Group 1, 2, 3, 4 and control group (Group 5) were recorded to be 40.00, 46.67, 53.33, 66.67 and 42.85 per cent, respectively. It was concluded that all the treatments except that of Group 1 could improve the conception in repeat breeder buffaloes compared with that of normal cyclical buffaloes. However, hCG treatment groups revealed higher per cent of conception rates (53.33 and 66.67%) when compared with that of GnRH treatment groups (40.00 and 46.67%). The human chorionic gonadotropin administered at observed estrus and on 13th day post insemination could effectively improve the conception rates in repeat breeding Graded Murrah buffaloes.
Open Access
STUDIES ON UTERINE TORSION AND CERVICAL CHANGES AFTER ITS CORRECTION IN GRADED MURRAH BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis)
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-03) BHAVANA, V; SRINIVAS, M(MAJOR); VENKATA NAIDU, G; LAKSHMI RANI, N
In the present study analysis of dystocia in Graded Murrah buffaloes presented to Obstetrical ward during a two year period revealed a high prevalence of maternal dystocia (80.80%) over fetal dystocia (19.19%) was observed. The prevalence of uterine torsion was highest (95.62%) among the maternal dystocia and was 77.27 % among all the dystocia cases presented. Detailed obstetrical examinations were carried out in 148 buffaloes which exhibited signs of uterine torsion and were treated by using Modified Schaffer’s method. A total of 79 (53.38 per cent) buffaloes were detorted with 1-2 rotations, 53 buffaloes (35.81 per cent) with more than 2 rotations and 16 buffaloes (10.81 per cent) failed to respond for detorsion and were subjected to caesarean section. Buffaloes which responded for detorsion had a dilated cervix (46.97%), incompletely dilated cervix (43.94%) and closed and intact cervix (9.09%). The buffaloes which were successful for detorsion (n=35) were randomly divided into two groups, in which 15 buffaloes had completely dilated cervix and 20 buffaloes which had incompletely dilated cervix. Hemato-biochemical parameters of these buffaloes were compared with normally calved buffaloes (n=10). Hemogram revealed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in hemoglobin, packed cell volume, eosinophil, and lymphocyte counts in uterine torsion affected buffaloes with completely dilated and incompletely dilated cervix post detorison when compared to normally calved buffaloes. The total leucocyte, neutrophil and monocyte counts were significantly higher in buffaloes having completely dilated cervix, incompletely dilated cervix post detorsion as compared to normally calved buffaloes. Biochemical analysis revealed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and MDA concentrations in buffaloes having completely dilated and incompletely dilated cervix post detorsion when compared to normally calved buffaloes. There was a significant (P<0.05) increase in glucose, β hydroxy butyric acid, creatinine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and certain oxidative stress parameters like maloinaldehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase concentrations in the uterine torsion affected buffaloes with completely dilated and incompletely dilated cervix post detorsion compared to eutocia buffaloes. Buffaloes with incompletely dilated cervix (n=58) post detorsion were randomly, subjected to two treatment protocols and cervical changes and efficacy of the treatment were recorded. Buffaloes of each group were further grouped based on the texture of the external os of cervix into grade 1 (smooth and soft cervix), grade 2 (partially lobulated and moderately soft cervix) and grade 3 (lobulated and hard cervix). The buffaloes in Group I are treated with Dextrose salines, Calcium Borogluconate, Oxytocin, Valethamate Bromide along with periodic massage with warm CMC gel and overall mean interval between treatment and complete dilatation of cervix was 229.60±10.69 minutes with a success rate of 86.21%. Group II buffaloes (n=29) were treated with Dextrose salines, Calcium Borogluconate, Oxytocin, Valethamate Bromide and massage with CMC gel in combination with Misoprostol tablet (PGE1) @ 1000 μg powdered and applied to the cervical lumen and subsequent hourly massages were done with CMC alone. The overall mean interval between treatment and complete dilatation of cervix was 203.13±5.41 minutes with a success rate of 100.00%. It was concluded from the present study that the therapeutic efficacy of Group II protocol was better as it required lesser number of massages, less mean interval (min) between treatment and complete dilatation of cervix with 100.00 per cent success rate. Further, it was evident that Misoprostol caused cervical softening and dilatation of the cervix without any side effects.
Open Access
STUDIES FOR AUGMENTATION OF FERTILITY BY HORMONAL TREATMENTS IN POSTPARTUM ANESTROUS ONGOLE COWS (Bos indicus)
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-01) SAHITHI, KONGARA; SADASIVA RAO, K(MAJOR); SRINIVAS, M; LAKSHMI RANI, N
In the present study, treatment of postpartum lactating anestrous Ongole cows (Bos indicus) using Heatsynch and G6G hormonal protocols and their influence on fertility was studied. The mean level of PCV is statistically significant (P<0.05) on the day 0 and on the day of induced estrus. The total serum cholesterol, glucose and protein profiles varied non-significantly between conceived and non-conceived Ongole cows, in both the treatments. The mineral profile did not reveal significant variations (P>0.05) in serum calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper and zinc concentrations of Ongole cows between periods of the treatments with Heatsynch and G6G protocols. The estrus detection rate was 75.0 (6/8), and 87.5 (7/8) per cent in Heatsynch (Group A) and G6G (Group B) groups. Analysis of data of onset of estrus revealed significant difference (P<0.05) between two treatment groups. Heatsynch treated group showed intense to weak estrus signs, while the G6G treated group showed intense to intermediate estrus signs. Peak estrus synchrony with highest number of animals exhibiting estrus between 48 to 72 h with 4/6 in Heatsynch group and between 24 to 48 h with 4/7 in G6G group was observed. The artificial insemination submission rate was 75.0 (6/8) and 87.5 (7/8) per cent in Heatsynch and G6G groups, respectively. The conception rate at induced estrus with Heatsynch treatment was 66.67 (4/6), and with G6G treatment it was 71.43 (5/7) per cent. Overall conception rate among the postpartum lactating anestrous Ongole cows treated was higher with 85.71 (6/7) per cent in G6G (Group B) followed by 83.33 (5/6) per cent in Heatsynch (Group A). During this treatment period in the control group, only 37.5 (3/8) and 25.0 (2/8) per cent anestrous Ongole cows exhibited estrus and conceived, respectively. The results of present study, with inseminations at induced estrus appears as an effective way of managing reproduction in postpartum lactating anestrous Ongole cows using Heat synch and G6G protocols which revealed acceptable estrus response and conception rates.
Open Access
STUDIES ON ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN MATERNAL AND FETAL DYSTOCIA OF GRADED MURRAH BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis)
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2018-12) THANGAMANI, A; SRINIVAS, M(MAJOR); SADASIVA RAO, K; HARI KRISHNA, N.V.V.
Detailed obstetrical examination was performed in referral dystocia cases of Graded Murrah buffaloes (n=122) and the incidence of maternal and fetal dystocia was recorded and anlayzed. Out of the 122 dystocia affected buffaloes a total of 43 buffaloes of different parities were utilized in the study and were divided into three groups, (1) Maternal dystocia (comprising uterine torsion) (n=25), (2) Fetal dystocia (n=10) and (3) Eutocia (normal parturition) (n=8) as healthy controls. Further, haemato-biochemical and oxidative parameters were recorded and compared between groups and also at presentation (0 hrs) and after treatment (24 hrs). The incidence of maternal and fetal dystocia in the present study was 77.86% and 22.14%, respectively among the cases presented between September 2017 and August 2018. The incidence of uterine torsion more frequent cause of maternal dystocia. Uterine torsion occurred more frequently in pluriparous buffaloes at full term. Post cervical right sided uterine torsion was common with higher incidence for severe degree (>270->360°) of uterine torsion in buffaloes. The condition was observed since >24-36 hours in 53.40 percent of the buffaloes before they were presented for treatment. The most fetuses delivered were in anterior longitudinal presentation and male fetus outnumbered the female fetuses. Fetal dystocia also occurred more frequently in pluriparous buffaloes at term and higher per cent of fetuses were delivered in anterior longitudinal presentation with limb flexions and most them are delivered dead. Neutrophilia with lymphopenia was recorded in dystocia affected buffaloes when compared to eutocia group, while other parameters like haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC) and total leucocyte count (TLC) did not exhibit significant variations among the three groups of buffaloes. The mean serum glucose was slightly elevated in dystocia affected buffaloes compared to normal calved group. The dystocia affected buffaloes showed significantly lowered mean serum calcium and phosphorus levels compared to eutocia group. Non-significant variations were recorded in plasma total protein concentrations between the groups at different instances. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was markedly elevated in maternal dystocia group compared to fetal dystocia and eutocia group of buffaloes. Creatinine levels were significantly higher in fetal dystocia group compared to maternal dystocia and eutocia group of buffaloes at presentation while no significant difference was recorded at 24 hrs after treatment. Significantly higher Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were observed in dystocia affected buffaloes in comparison with eutocia group at 0 hrs and 24 hrs. Significant variation was observed in between the groups for malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activity at both 0 hrs and 24 hrs. The plasma MDA concentration was elevated in dystocia affected, while decreased SOD and GSH antioxidant enzymes activity in dystocia affected buffaloes, when compared to normally calved buffaloes. It was concluded that estimation of calcium, BUN, creatinine and oxidative parameters (MDA, SOD and GSH) with haematological parameters like TLC, neutrophil and lymphocyte count could be used as an indicator for severity of the condition and prognosis of both maternal and fetal dystocia affected buffaloes. Thus, it was suggested that monitoring oxidative and antioxidant parameters are necessary as a matter of emergency care to attempt early treatment of dystocia and to overcome the oxidative damage, oxidative stress for prompt recovery.
Open Access
STUDY ON THE OVARIAN FOLLICULAR DYNAMICS DURING OESTROUS CYCLE IN PUNGANUR CATTLE
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2017-12) RAVIKIRAN, B.R; Veera Brahmaiah, K(MAJOR); Mouli Krishna, K; Gangaraju, G
ABSTRACT : The follicular dynamics during two consecutive oestrous cycles of eight Punganur cows stationed at Livestock Research Station, Palamaner, Chittoor district was monitored on every alternative day by using an ultrasound device. The Punganur cows indicated the presence of 2 follicular wave (25.00 %) and 3 wave (75.00 %) estrous cycle. The number of waves did not show any significant difference in the exhibition of estrus intensity with overall mean estrus duration of 16.02 ± 0.74 h. The mean values on day of onset of follicular wave, day of follicular wave ending,duration of follicular wave, maximum diameter of dominant follicle and day of maximum diameter of dominant follicle in cows showing 2 wave cycle during 1stand 2nd waves were 0.8 ± 0.37 and 13.00 ± 1.08; 12.00 ± 0.68 and 21.00 ± 0.63;11.8 ± 0.49 and 9.25 ± 2.98; 7.3 ± 0.63 and 9.4 ± 0.47 mm; 6.6 ± 1.21 and 21.6 ± 1.63 and 0.64 ± 0.10 and 0.73 ±0.24 mm, respectively while the same during 1st, 2nd and 3rd waves in cows showing 3 wave cycle were 1.83 ± 0.27, 7.6 ± 0.5 and 13.66 ± 0.87; 9.59 ± 1.03, 15.73 ± 0.76 and 21.7 ± 0.51 day; 8.16 ± 0.95, 7.93 ± 0.98 and 7.6 ± 0.25 days; 6.75 ± 0.45, 6.4 ± 0.29 and 8.33 ± 0.38 mm and 4.75 ± 0.63, 11.4 ± 0.49 and 21.4 ± 0.56 day and 0.71 ± 0.10, 0.68 ± 0.10 and 0.66 ± 0.10 mm per day, respectively. While, the mean day of onset of atresia of follicular wave in cows showing 2 waves oestrous cycle was 8.2 ± 1.24 for 1st wave and the same in 3 waves cycle was 7.16 ± 0.61 and 13.33 ± 0.49 day for 1st and 2nd, respectively. The difference in the diameter of corpus luteum within 2 wave and 3 wave oestrous cycle cows was significant (P<0.05). While the difference in the period of wave duration, mean maximum diameter of DF and growth rate of follicle within 2 wave and 3 wave oestrous cycle cows was insignificant (P>0.05). The diameter of the preovulatory follicle was higher (P<0.05) than the diameter of the other dominant follicles of previous waves in oestrouscycles in cows with either two or three waves. The mean preovulatory follicular diameter was correlated positively and significantly (P<0.05) with the corresponding day of oestrous cycle estrogen concentration (r = 0.94). The mean overall diameter of CL during 4, 6, 8, 10, 14,16, 18 and 20 days of oestrous cycle in Punganur cows was 8.49 ± 0.49, 11.17 ± 0.50, 12.90 ± 0.45, 14.46 ± 0.34, 14.80 ± 0.29, 15.09 ± 0.46, 13.34 ± 0.51, 11.51 ± 0.63 and 10.38 ± 0.43, respectively. The mean maximum diameter of corpus luteum was 15.09 ± 0.46 on 14th day and regression of corpus luteum was initiated on 16th day of oestrous cycle. The increase in the diameter of the CL was significant throughout its growth from the day 4 of oestrous cycle to the day of regression with a maximum diameter of 15.09 ± 0.46 on 14th day. The difference in the diameter between and within 2 wave and 3 wave oestrous cycle cows was significant (P<0.05) and was positively and insignificantly (P<0.05) correlated with the progesterone concentration (r = 0.66) but negatively and significantly (P<0.05) correlated with the estrogen concentration (r = - 0.92) on day 14 of oestrous cycle. The mean overall progesteroneconcentration on day 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 of oestrous cycle was 1.06 ± 0.29, 3.14 ± 0.91, 2.38 ± 0.48, 4.29 ± 0.50, 4.49 ± 0.97, 5.44 ± 0.74, 5.47 ± 0.74, 6.30 ± 1.20, 7.04 ± 0.62, 5.10 ± 0.87 and 2.47 ± 0.87 ng/ml respectively and the overall estrogen concentration was 44.82 ± 1.07, 38.75 ± 1.68, 41.65 ± 1.45, 40.72 ± 1.43, 36.77 ± 4.77, 42.09 ± 1.91, 42.89 ± 1.81, 42.78 ± 1.34, 42.07 ± 0.65, 42.40 ± 0.85 and 44.82 ± 0.70 pg/ml, respectively. The difference in the serum progesterone and estrogen mean concentrations between 2 wave and 3 wave oestrous cycle cows was not significant (P>0.05) but difference between days of oestrous cycle progesterone was significant (P<0.05) and estrogen was not significant (P>0.05). The study concluded that follicular dynamics in Punganur cattle is characterized by a higher incidence of 3 wave oestrous cycles with slightly insignificantly longer oestrous cycles and the trend of estrogen and progesterone hormones during oestrous cycle indicates the normal cyclicity like any other Indian cattle breed.
Open Access
EVALUATION OF OVULATION PATTERN AND ITS RELATION TO FERTILITY IN CROSSBRED COWS WITH PROLONGED ESTRUS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2017-12) RADHIKA, SOMPALLI; Mouli Krishna, K(MAJOR); Veera Bramhaiah, K; Amaravathi, P
ABSTRACT: The present investigation “Evaluation of ovulation pattern and its relation to fertility in crossbred cows with prolonged estrus” was carried out in 48 repeat breeding cows with known history of prolonged estrus and 12 normal breeding cows and observed the various aspects of estrus viz. behavioural signs, duration of estrus, estrus cycle length, follicular growth pattern and hormonal profiles of normal and prolonged estrus cows. The treatment with GnRH, hCG and clitorial massage were exercised in repeat breeding cows with prolonged estrus. All the selected animals were inseminated when follicle diameter reached >12mm on ultra scan examination. The behavioural signs of estrus viz. bellowing, mounting, lordosis, pink colouration of vaginal mucous membrane, thin consistency of estrual discharge were remained for a longer period (≥ 72 h) in prolonged estrus cows than of normal control (≤ 24 h). There was a significant difference in estrus duration between prolonged (84.0 ± 6.2667 h) and normal estrus (≤24 h) cross bred cows. The frequency distribution of estrus cycle length was similar between normal (21.25 ± 0.5093 days) and prolonged estrus (21.166 ± 0.6009 days) cows. The plasma concentrations of E2 was found to be 20.671 ± 1.336, 22.484 ± 1.490, 25.283 ± 1.530, 26.91 ± 1.12, 29.0 ± of 1.50 and 12.097 ± 0.84 pg/ ml on Day 1, Day 2, Day 3, Day 4 and Day 5 of estrus and Day 7 post AI respectively in prolonged estrus cows. Where as in control it was recorded as 24.0783 ± 0.7644 pg/ml on day of standing estrus and 11.9847 ± 0.7614 on day 7 post AI. There was no significant difference between two groups of cows. Interestingly concentration of estradiol on alternative days shown a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05). The plasma concentration of P4 was significantly higher (suprabasal level) in prolonged estrus group (> 0.4 ng/ml) than of normal control (basal level <0.4 ng/ml). There was no statistical significance during estrus of prolonged estrus group. However, there was a significant difference between days of estrus and day of CL in prolonged estrus group. The mean of maximum diameter of pre ovulatory follicle (13.4125 ± 0.30 Vs 13.2 ± 0.12 mm) and CL diameter (17.8495 ± 1.0893 Vs 17.9971± 1.1219 mm) were not significant in prolonged estrus group and normal estrus group respectively. In prolonged estrus group the mean diameter follicle increased non significantly at successive days, but the increase was significant at alternate days (P ≤ 0.05). The conception percentage was not enhanced appreciably with treatment. In this present study the term ‘follicular persistence’, ‘persistent dominance’ and ‘delayed ovulation’ might not be appropriate terms to be used. It was concluded that it might be tempting to presume that probably there could have been stress mediated altered endocrine events in follicular growth resulting in overlapping of proestrus and estrus and thus an apparently extended estrus.

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