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ArticleItem Open Access Analysis of Correlation and Path Coefficients among Yield and Biochemical Traits under Irrigated and Reproductive Stage Drought Stress in Oryza sativa L.(VEGETOS, 2014) Singh, Alok KumarInter-relationships among yield and fourteen biochemical traits were studied under NS and RSS in eighteen genotypes of upland rice. None of the biochemical traits showed significant phenotypic correlation with grain yield plant-1 under irrigated (NS), while grain yield plant-1 had highly significant and positive correlation with chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, nitrate reductase, soluble sugar at flowering starch at re-watering and soluble sugar in leaf under reproductive stage drought stress (RSS). This indicated that these biochemical traits were important associates of grain yield under RSS. Out of 124 character pairs, the significant estimates of phenotypic correlations in either direction were shown by nine character pairs in NS and 21 character pairs under RSS. In path analysis, high order positive direct effects was exerted by soluble sugar upper root and starch at re-watering under NS and starch at maturity, followed by leaf starch and chlorophyll a under RSS. Nitrate reductase, soluble sugar at flowering and starch in leaf emerged as most important indirect yield contributors due to their high order positive indirect effects on grain yield under NS.ArticleItem Open Access Application of potassium iodide as a new agent for screening of drought tolerance upland rice genotypes at flowering stage(Plant Knowledge Journal, 2012) Singh, Ashok K.Selection of appropriate physiological criteria is still an impediment for the breeding of drought tolerant rice varieties. An experiment was conducted to analyze the effect of potassium iodide (KI) for it’s suitability as a selection criterion to screen upland rice genotypes. Three different KI concentrations vis. 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% were applied on eight rice genotypes comprising four tolerant and four susceptible ones. Injuries in young tissues, reduction in yield, panicle length, panicle weight, grain number and grain weight were observed at the KI concentrations of 0.50 and 0.75%. However, 0.25% KI concentration did not showed significant injury effects on rice genotypes. The significant correlation of grain yield with apparent translocation rate (R2 = 0.54) was also observed, indicating reduction in current assimilation during reproductive stage, under different KI treatments and tolerant rice genotypes induced an increase in stem reserve mobilization. SDS-PAGE profiling of KI treated rice leaves induced novel protein bands of 30 kDa, 50 kDa and 70 kDa in tolerant rice genotypes. The present study concluded that KI can be used as chemical desiccant for the screening of drought tolerant upland rice varieties at reproductive stage.ArticleItem Open Access Biochemical Assimilates Accumulation and Remobilization at Reproduction Stage Drought Stress in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.)(Environment & Ecology, 2016) Singh, Alok KumarA very week correlation obtained between leaf rolling score and yield, shoot soluble sugar and RWC, respectively. Leaf depth ; score in well correlated with leaf soluble sugar. Plant height is often considered as a factor in plant response to drought stress. Rice accumulates significant amount of carbohydrate before and wide variability exists among genotypes. Improved variety like NDR-97, Vandana and DH line have higher content of total soluble sugar at flowering than do low yielding traditional cultivar like Azucena and Saita correlation study revealed strong positive relationship between grain yield in stress and shoot soluble sugar. Assimilate accumulated prior to flowering are of paramount importance when plant experience drought at later stage. We hypothesized that grain yields of rice crops drought stressed at flowering, directly related to reserve food materials and the ability of the plant to translocate those assimilate.ArticleItem Open Access Determine Physiological Traits Associated with Flowering Stage Drought Tolerance in Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes(International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2017) Singh, A. K.Drought stress significantly reduced the RWC and LWP of the rice plant. Moreover, Azucena (DT check), NDR-359, NDR-97, DSU-18-6, Vandana, TN-1 and Moroberekan showed less depression. Result revealed that capacity to maintain high LWP is promising traits for selection to improve tolerance against flowering stage drought tolerance. Grain yield under water deficit at the flowering stage is negatively correlated with spikelet sterility and later associated with genotypic variation in maintenance of LWP. Correlation studies between RWC and per cent grain sterility and LWP vs. per cent sterility indicated that maintenance of RWC is necessary but not significant to ensure good yield. These result suggested that other feature are at least as important as RWC in determining response to flowering stage drought tolerance. Grain yield is well correlated with RL and RWD but strong regression coefficient was obtained between root length and RWC. This result indicated that root length did not contribute directly grain yield under drought at flowering stage. But, it indirectly helps to maintained higher plant water status. Assimilate accumulate prior to flowering are of permanent importance when plant experience drought stress at flowering stage. Present study indicated that translocation of soluble sugar for grain growth is supported by ACR and ATR was higher in stress. Grain yield was significantly correlated with ACR and ATR.ArticleItem Open Access EFFECT OF COATED AND SPLIT APPLICATION OF SINGLE SUPERPHOSPHATE ON YIELD AND NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY IN TRANSPLANTED RICE(Annals of Plant and Soil Research, 2016) Suresh KumarArticleItem Open Access Effect of Drought Stress on Crop Plants with Special Reference to Drought Avoidance and Tolerance Mechanisms: A Review(International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018) Deka, DigantaThe changes in the climate due to global warming and ever dwindling arable land due to the population pressure are increasing strain on available resources for sustainable food production. Therefore, it is an urgent need to have proper idea about the effect of drought stress on crop plants for getting stable production through research intervention. Water deficit due to drought stress influences a wide range of plant processes, from whole plant growth and development to the molecular regulation of essential transcriptional pathways, and thus significantly impacts both physiology and metabolism. The studies about the changes in behavior of crop plants under drought condition have progressed at a rapid pace and extensive results of such analysis have been made public through various research articles, which can now be easily accessed through the World Wide Web. This review describes some aspects of drought induced effect of drought stress on different important traits of crop plants.ArticleItem Open Access The Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) and Zn Fertilization on Yield of Potato(International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020) Dev, AjayThe present investigation was carried out at Student Instructional farm Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Narendra Nagar Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during Rabi season 2017-2018. To evaluate the Effect of nutrient management practices on the performance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and soil fertility. The five treatments comprised with various levels of 75% and 100% recommended doses of NPK, ZnSO4 (20, 30and 40 kg ha-1) and 25% Nitrogen by Farm yard manure were tested against 100% NPK fertilizers alone were replicated four time in randomized block design (RBD) potato crop the variety KufriBaadshah was taken a test crop. Results revealed that the integrated use of 75% recommended doses of NPK fertilizers (180:80:100), 25% nitrogen by Farm yard manure as well as 20kg ha-1 ZnSO4 in potato was found superior for higher plant growth, productivity and better marketable quality of tubers. The availability of NPK nutrients, organic carbon, moisture retention capacity of soil increased while bulk density, soil pH, and electrical conductivity decreased at higher rate by applying 75% recommended doses of NPK and 20kg ha-1 ZnSO4 fertilizers with Farm yard manure as compared to 100% recommended doses of NPK fertilizers aloneArticleItem Open Access Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity and Soil Fertility(Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2017) Bharose, RamA field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) during the Kharif 2013 to evaluate the Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity and Soil Fertility. Twelve treatments comprised with different integrated modules of organic, inorganic and biofertilizer combinations. The various integrated nutrient management modules significantly influenced the yield and combination of different organic and inorganic source of nutrient. Among integrated modules the application of 100% RDF received maximum yield (60.61 grain and 78.86 straw q ha-1) and soil health the combination of FYM+GM+BGA by 75% RDF+ 25% N (FYM+GM+BGA). The longe time application of nutrient combination of organic source of nutrient in effect of soil physical properties, chemical and biological properties of soil. Application of recommended dose of RDF+FYM +GM+BGA highest increase. Inclusion of FYM, Green Manure (GM) and BGA through inorganic source in the treatment increased the Physical Properties of soil.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Moisture Regime on IW/CPE Ratio on Soil Properties, Yield and Water use Efficiency of Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum L.)(International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020) Pal, SudhirThe field experiment was conducted at Instructional farm of A.N.D University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during Rabi, 2016-17. The treatments was comprised with five levels of irrigation viz. CRI stage (I1), 0.6 IW/CPE ratio (I2), 0.8 IW/CPE ratio (I3), 1.0 IW/CPE ratio (I4), and 1.2 IW/CPE ratio (I5) in Randomize Block Design with four replications. The results reaveled that the highest fresh and dry weight and density of root, grain and straw yield by crop were recorded with 1.0 IW/CPE ratio (I4) moisture regime followed by 1.2 IW/CPE ratio (I5) and minimum with CRI stage (I1), 0.6 IW/CPE ratio. The maximum reduction in pH and EC and buildup in organic carbon were recorded of (I4) 1.0 IW/CPE ratio (6 irrigations). The maximum moisture extraction was noticed in the upper most soil layer i.e. 0-20 cm followed by 20- 40 and 40-60 cm depth. Increasing levels of moisture regimes from CRI stage (I1) to 1.2 IW/CPE ratio (I5) increased the moisture extraction. The increment in extraction of soil moisture and consumptive use of water and reduction in water use efficiency were recorded with the increasing moisture regimes from CRI stage (I1) to 1.2 IW/CPE ratio (I5). The maximum water use efficiency of (166.6 kg ha-1cm-1) was obtained under moisture regime at CRI stage (I1) followed by irrigation at 0.6 IW/CPE (I2). The lowest water use efficiency (71.7 kg ha-1cm-1) was recorded under moisture regime at 1.2 IW/CPE ratio (I5).ArticleItem Open Access Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrient on productivity, nutrient uptake and economics of rice (Oryza sativa L.)(Annals of Plant and Soil Research, 2018) Bharose, RamA field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) during Kharif season of 2013 to evaluate the effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrient on productivity and nutrient uptake of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Twelve treatments comprised with different integrated modules of organic, inorganic and biofertilizer combinations were evaluated in randomized block design with three replication. The results revealed that the various integrated nutrient management modules significantly influenced the yield, economics and nutrient uptake by rice. Among integrated modules, application of 100% RDF resulted in maximum yield (60.61 grain and 78.86 q ha-1 straw) and nutrient uptake followed by 75% RDF+ 25% N (FYM+GM+BGA). The increases in grain and straw yield of rice due to 100% RDF were 165.1 and 108.2% over control, respectively. The corresponding increases in grain and straw yields due to 75% RDF + 25% N (FYM + GM + BGA) were 162.2 and 106.8 per cent. The highest net return (Rs. 78,409.00) and benefit: Cost ratios (2.80) were obtained with 100% RDF that was closely followed by 75% RDF+ 25% N FYM+GM+BGA.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Phosphorus, Sulphur and Micronutrients (Zinc and Boron) Levels on Performance of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(Springer, 2019) Tripath, D KA field experiment was carried out during Rabi, 2013–2014, to study the effect of different treatment combinations on performance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The treatments of experiments comprised three fertilizer levels—F1—40 kg P2O5 ha-1, F2—60 kg P2O5- ? 20 kg S ha-1 and F3—80 kg P2O5 ? 40 kg S ha-1 and four micronutrient levels—M0—control, M1— 3 kg Zn ha-1, M2—spraying of boron (0.3%) and M3— 3 kg Zn ha-1 ? spraying of boron (0.3%) in split plot design with three replications. At higher level of fertilizer (F2—60 kg P2O5 ? 20 kg S ha-1) yield attributes, yield performance of chickpea along with soil properties was found better irrespective of the micronutrients applied. Maximum seed yield (22.22 q ha-1) was recorded with the application of fertilizer M3 (3 kg Zn ha-1 ? spraying of boron) (0.3%). At every level of fertilizers, micronutrients augmented the yield attributes and yield of the crop along with soil properties. Combined application of micronutrients proved superior to their sole applications with respect to yield and nutrient uptake in chickpea.ArticleItem Open Access Effect salinity on germination percentage (%) and seed vigour index of rice (Oryza sativa L.)(Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020) Singh, AnkitPresent investigation was conducted during Kharif 2017-18 in laboratory, at experimental study Department of Crop Physiology, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and technology, Kumarganj Faizabad (U.P.). Soil salinity has become a severe threat to ensure food security, salinity-imposed limitations on plant growth. At the present, salinity level stimulates many of the metabolic processes involved in phases (2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th day) of germination, resulting in an improved performance of germination and higher. Experiment was laid out in complete randomized design (CRD) with three replication on six genotypes of rice crop i.e. tolerant- CSR-36, CSR-43, Usar Dhan-3 and Susceptible- Swarna Sub-1, IR-28, Pusa-44. Present investigation was carried to study the effect of salinity with 0, 50 and 100 mM concentration of NaCl on germination. The exposure of rice varieties to increasing concentration of NaCl had significantly increased germination (%), seed vigour index. It is evident from the result that concentration with NaCl significantly improved the germination and enzymatic activities of rice genotypes. The concentration are effective in increasing the germination percent, Seed vigour index, radicle length, plumule length, and enzymatic activities like α- amylase, catalase and carbohydrates biochemical parameters like proline accumulation, in all varieties under normal as well as under laboratory condition. The concentration with NaCl 0, 50 and 100 mM influences the germination and biochemical changes under normal as well as under anaerobic condition and might be useful in mitigating the adverse effect of laboratory condition or helpful in increasing the yield and yield attributes in all the varieties. Thus, it may be recommended that salinity level with concentration (0, 50 and 100 mM) of NaCl is the most desirable for mitigating the adverse effect of salinity.ArticleItem Open Access Efficiency of Modified Phosphatic Fertilizer in Transplanted Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Partially Reclaimed Salt Affected Soil of Uttar Pradesh(Springer, 2017) Adesh KumarThe present investigations was conducted at the instructional farm of the Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad to evaluate the response of single super phosphate (SSP) modified with different organic and inorganic materials to rice. The application of modified and split doses of phosphatic fertilizer increased the yield, yield attributes, and nutrient uptake over the control. The maximum yield of rice was obtained in gypsum coated SSP (49.50 q ha-1) than 50 % Basal ? 50 % Top dressing in two split 25 % tillering stage ? 25 % PI stage (44.70 q ha-1) and Cow dung coated SSP (1:5) (38.80 q ha-1) treatment. The SSP with gypsum coated recorded higher N, P, and K uptake response by 65.64, 168.23 and 89.06 % respectively as compared to other treatment. The maximum net income and cost benefit ratio was obtained with gypsum coated SSP followed by 50 % Basal ? 50 % Top dressing in two split 25 % tillering stage ? 25 % PI stage.ArticleItem Open Access ESTIMATES OF GENETIC PARAMETERS, COMPONENTS OF VARIANCE AND THEIR MAGNITUDE IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)(Plant Archives, 2019) Singh, N.K.The relative contribution of males x females was higher than that of males and females for the expression of all the characters except total number of spikelets and number of fertile spikelets. Males exhibited maximum contribution for ear bearing tillers plant-1. In general, phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters. Phenotypic and genotypic variations were lower for days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to maturity, ear bearing tillers plant-1 and total number of spikelets plant-1, indicating little opportunity of selection for these characters. Other characters showed more variation among phenotypic and genotypic values. Heritability in narrow sense (h2n) ranged from 5.18 for days to maturity to 20.27 for ear bearing tillers plant-1. Highest h2n estimate was recorded for ear bearing tillers plant-1. Moderate h2n estimates were observed for remaining traits except days to 50% flowering, biological yield, harvest index, plant height and days to maturity which, were of lesser order. Estimates of h2b were recorded high for all the characters except days to maturity.ArticleItem Open Access Foliar spray of salicylic acid and oxalic acid ameolirates temperature (Heat) stress on wheat at anthesis stage(International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020) Pandey, Anand KumarThis study endeavors to quantitatively cognize the impact of changes in physiological mechanism due to climate change on wheat at vegetative stage and reproductive stage of crop. This experiment was conducted and evaluated for wheat crop using two chemicals salicylic acid and oxalic acid and meteorological data from a field site at Students Instructional Farm of the Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) during Rabiseasons of 2015-16 and 2016-17. This experiment was planned under FRBD (Factorial Randomized Block Design) with three replications and two date of sowing viz; 25th November and 25th December with two varieties NW-5054 and NW-2036.Results indicated that physiological traits were adversely affected by time of sowing due to onset of high temperature during crop growth and particularly grain filling. All the treatments reduced the detrimental effect of heat stress on both the varieties by improving physiological traits which ultimately helped in obtaining higher yield.ArticleItem Open Access GENETIC ARCHITECTURE, HETEROSIS AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION FOR YIELD AND YIELD ASSOCIATED PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) UNDER DROUGHT CONDITION(SAARC J. Agri, 2015) Singh, A. K.Simple and joint scaling tests led to similar inferences in respect of presence or absence of epistasis in majority of cases across the fourteen characters of six crosses in two conditions. The generation mean analysis revealed importance of additive (d) and/or dominance (h) gene effects as well as one or more of the epistatic gene interactions (i, j, l) for all the seven characters in most of the crosses under both the conditions. However, nature and magnitude of gene effects and epistatic interactions for a character exhibited considerable variation across the six crosses and two environmental conditions. Significance of dominance gene effects and epistatic interactions for most of the traits in six crosses under two conditions indicated that exploitation of heterosis through hybrid varieties appears to be a potential alternative. Only in drought condition, considerable number of crosses exhibited positive and significant estimates of standard heterosis across seven characters. Present study indicated apparent lack of desirable heterosis of requisite degree. It appears that extremely diverse nature of parents involved in six cross combinations may have resulted in incompatible gene combinations or genetic architecture in crosses resulting into poor performance and lack of heterosis for most of the characters. The positive and significant heterobeltiosis was noted for relative water content and membrane thermo stability in cross VI in irrigated condition.ArticleItem Open Access GENETIC EVALUATION AND SELECTION CRITERIA OF UPLAND RICE (Oryza sativa L.) FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS UNDER REPRODUCTIVE STAGE DROUGHT STRESS(International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 2017) Singh, A.K.The present investigation, attempt has been made to combine different type of germplasm in order to identifying the physiological basis of genetic variation in drought tolerance. The High estimates of PCV and GCV were observed for sterile grains per panicle, root dry weight, root volume, root length and fertile grains per panicle under both the conditions High estimates of heritability and genetic advance were recorded for water potential, fertile grains panicle-1, sterile grains panicle-1, straw yield, total biomass at flowering, total biomass at maturity, ACR, root length, root volume and grain yield under both the conditions. Thus, selection practiced for these characters in plant materials under study may be expected to be highly fruitful for isolating high yielding genotypes for irrigated/drought environments. The other traits would be unreliable indices for improvement through selection due to existence of low to moderate transmissibility along with low variability. None of the morpho-physiological traits appeared as strong associates of grain yield in irrigated control condition, whereas four traits, namely, straw yield, panicle length, total biomass at maturity and total biomass at flowering were found to be strong associates of grain yield in water stress condition. In over all consideration, soluble sugar upper root and starch at re-watering in control condition and starch in leaf, starch at re-watering and chlorophyll a in stress condition emerged as most important direct yield components owing to their high order positive direct effects at phenotypic as well as genotypic level.ArticleItem Open Access Genetic variability among traits associated with grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) exposed to drought at flowering stage(African Journal of Agriculture Research, 2014) Singh, Alok