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ArticleItem Open Access Application of potassium iodide as a new agent for screening of drought tolerance upland rice genotypes at flowering stage(Plant Knowledge Journal, 2012) Singh, Ashok K.Selection of appropriate physiological criteria is still an impediment for the breeding of drought tolerant rice varieties. An experiment was conducted to analyze the effect of potassium iodide (KI) for it’s suitability as a selection criterion to screen upland rice genotypes. Three different KI concentrations vis. 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% were applied on eight rice genotypes comprising four tolerant and four susceptible ones. Injuries in young tissues, reduction in yield, panicle length, panicle weight, grain number and grain weight were observed at the KI concentrations of 0.50 and 0.75%. However, 0.25% KI concentration did not showed significant injury effects on rice genotypes. The significant correlation of grain yield with apparent translocation rate (R2 = 0.54) was also observed, indicating reduction in current assimilation during reproductive stage, under different KI treatments and tolerant rice genotypes induced an increase in stem reserve mobilization. SDS-PAGE profiling of KI treated rice leaves induced novel protein bands of 30 kDa, 50 kDa and 70 kDa in tolerant rice genotypes. The present study concluded that KI can be used as chemical desiccant for the screening of drought tolerant upland rice varieties at reproductive stage.ArticleItem Open Access Genetic variability among traits associated with grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) exposed to drought at flowering stage(African Journal of Agriculture Research, 2014) Singh, AlokArticleItem Open Access Analysis of Correlation and Path Coefficients among Yield and Biochemical Traits under Irrigated and Reproductive Stage Drought Stress in Oryza sativa L.(VEGETOS, 2014) Singh, Alok KumarInter-relationships among yield and fourteen biochemical traits were studied under NS and RSS in eighteen genotypes of upland rice. None of the biochemical traits showed significant phenotypic correlation with grain yield plant-1 under irrigated (NS), while grain yield plant-1 had highly significant and positive correlation with chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, nitrate reductase, soluble sugar at flowering starch at re-watering and soluble sugar in leaf under reproductive stage drought stress (RSS). This indicated that these biochemical traits were important associates of grain yield under RSS. Out of 124 character pairs, the significant estimates of phenotypic correlations in either direction were shown by nine character pairs in NS and 21 character pairs under RSS. In path analysis, high order positive direct effects was exerted by soluble sugar upper root and starch at re-watering under NS and starch at maturity, followed by leaf starch and chlorophyll a under RSS. Nitrate reductase, soluble sugar at flowering and starch in leaf emerged as most important indirect yield contributors due to their high order positive indirect effects on grain yield under NS.ArticleItem Open Access GENETIC ARCHITECTURE, HETEROSIS AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION FOR YIELD AND YIELD ASSOCIATED PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) UNDER DROUGHT CONDITION(SAARC J. Agri, 2015) Singh, A. K.Simple and joint scaling tests led to similar inferences in respect of presence or absence of epistasis in majority of cases across the fourteen characters of six crosses in two conditions. The generation mean analysis revealed importance of additive (d) and/or dominance (h) gene effects as well as one or more of the epistatic gene interactions (i, j, l) for all the seven characters in most of the crosses under both the conditions. However, nature and magnitude of gene effects and epistatic interactions for a character exhibited considerable variation across the six crosses and two environmental conditions. Significance of dominance gene effects and epistatic interactions for most of the traits in six crosses under two conditions indicated that exploitation of heterosis through hybrid varieties appears to be a potential alternative. Only in drought condition, considerable number of crosses exhibited positive and significant estimates of standard heterosis across seven characters. Present study indicated apparent lack of desirable heterosis of requisite degree. It appears that extremely diverse nature of parents involved in six cross combinations may have resulted in incompatible gene combinations or genetic architecture in crosses resulting into poor performance and lack of heterosis for most of the characters. The positive and significant heterobeltiosis was noted for relative water content and membrane thermo stability in cross VI in irrigated condition.ArticleItem Open Access Genotype by environment interaction for identifying improved rainfed lowland rice genotype over locations(International Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 2015) Singh, A.The study on genotypes by environment interaction within context of broad and specific adaptation of 48 rice genotypes in target environment of rainfed lowland ecosystem was carried out during 2003 to 2006 across country sites (India and Bangladesh).Variance analysis for grain yield revealed large differences exist in growth and yield in varying environment (E) and genotypes (G) of the total sum of square (TSS). Cross site analysis showed that environment had profound effect and accounted for 54.3 per cent of the TSS, G x E interaction accounted for 37.7 per cent and genotypes accounted only for 8.0 per cent, respectively. Pattern analysis clearly identified six dominant genotype groups and six dominant environment groups. Word clustering criterion for fusion of different genotypes groups at various fusion levels clearly indicated combination of adaptive traits that there are responsible for genotypes groups for particular environment .The site mean yield from the six sites indicated that site LGP-10 (Bahraich, 2006) had the highest yield (3.23 t ha-1)and lowest was 2.50 t ha-1 for LGP-14 (Rajshahi, 2005 and Mashodha, 2004) characterized by partial submergence during seedling stage severe drought at booting stage .Among the identified genotypes groups GGP 80(medium to early maturity genotypes) adopted well to the favorable dry season with direct seeding as well as transplanting whereas, genotypes group 69 and 79 were well suited for favorable condition (transplanted), generally late to medium maturity genotypes. These results indicated that G x E interaction for grain yield are independent of phenological development .Therefore ,G x E interaction and total sum of square was not represented by linear regression of genotypes site means on over all site means because the stability regression accounted only 13.9 (TSS) of the G x E. Hence, inherent physiological or metabolic link within genotypes group, which sustained the greater stability, has to be further analyzed. It seems that genotypes which has greater plasticity under various agro-environment might have wider adaptation and greater potential of stability.ArticleItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, AGROMORPHOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO DROUGHT RESISTANCE IN UPLAND RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(SABRAO Journal, 2015) Singh, Alok K.Eighteen genotypes of upland rice were evaluated for grain yield and 17 biochemical traits for estimation of direct selection parameters. The entries were evaluated in Randomized Block Design with 3 replications under normal and drought condition during wet season in 2 years. Starch at maturity, soluble carbohydrate upper root, leaf starch, proline content and CHO lower root exhibited high phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) coefficients of variation along with high heritability and high genetic advance under irrigated conditions. Under drought conditions, starch at maturity, starch lower root, starch at flowering, CHO at maturity, CHO lower root, leaf CHO, CHO at flowering, grain yield, starch upper root, chlorophyll b, CHO upper root and leaf starch showed high estimates of PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance in per cent of mean. The traits mentioned above emerged as ideal traits for improvement through selection in respective environments owing to their high variability and transmissibility. The results revealed that the estimates GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance were higher in drought conditions as compared to normal conditions for majority of biochemical traits under study. The adverse drought conditions appeared to unfurl greater degree of variability and transmissibility in the yield as well as biochemical traits. Therefore, greater possibility of improvement in biochemical traits through selection appears in drought condition than control condition.ArticleItem Open Access EFFECT OF COATED AND SPLIT APPLICATION OF SINGLE SUPERPHOSPHATE ON YIELD AND NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY IN TRANSPLANTED RICE(Annals of Plant and Soil Research, 2016) Suresh KumarArticleItem Open Access Biochemical Assimilates Accumulation and Remobilization at Reproduction Stage Drought Stress in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.)(Environment & Ecology, 2016) Singh, Alok KumarA very week correlation obtained between leaf rolling score and yield, shoot soluble sugar and RWC, respectively. Leaf depth ; score in well correlated with leaf soluble sugar. Plant height is often considered as a factor in plant response to drought stress. Rice accumulates significant amount of carbohydrate before and wide variability exists among genotypes. Improved variety like NDR-97, Vandana and DH line have higher content of total soluble sugar at flowering than do low yielding traditional cultivar like Azucena and Saita correlation study revealed strong positive relationship between grain yield in stress and shoot soluble sugar. Assimilate accumulated prior to flowering are of paramount importance when plant experience drought at later stage. We hypothesized that grain yields of rice crops drought stressed at flowering, directly related to reserve food materials and the ability of the plant to translocate those assimilate.ArticleItem Open Access Efficiency of Modified Phosphatic Fertilizer in Transplanted Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Partially Reclaimed Salt Affected Soil of Uttar Pradesh(Springer, 2017) Adesh KumarThe present investigations was conducted at the instructional farm of the Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad to evaluate the response of single super phosphate (SSP) modified with different organic and inorganic materials to rice. The application of modified and split doses of phosphatic fertilizer increased the yield, yield attributes, and nutrient uptake over the control. The maximum yield of rice was obtained in gypsum coated SSP (49.50 q ha-1) than 50 % Basal ? 50 % Top dressing in two split 25 % tillering stage ? 25 % PI stage (44.70 q ha-1) and Cow dung coated SSP (1:5) (38.80 q ha-1) treatment. The SSP with gypsum coated recorded higher N, P, and K uptake response by 65.64, 168.23 and 89.06 % respectively as compared to other treatment. The maximum net income and cost benefit ratio was obtained with gypsum coated SSP followed by 50 % Basal ? 50 % Top dressing in two split 25 % tillering stage ? 25 % PI stage.ArticleItem Open Access Determine Physiological Traits Associated with Flowering Stage Drought Tolerance in Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes(International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2017) Singh, A. K.Drought stress significantly reduced the RWC and LWP of the rice plant. Moreover, Azucena (DT check), NDR-359, NDR-97, DSU-18-6, Vandana, TN-1 and Moroberekan showed less depression. Result revealed that capacity to maintain high LWP is promising traits for selection to improve tolerance against flowering stage drought tolerance. Grain yield under water deficit at the flowering stage is negatively correlated with spikelet sterility and later associated with genotypic variation in maintenance of LWP. Correlation studies between RWC and per cent grain sterility and LWP vs. per cent sterility indicated that maintenance of RWC is necessary but not significant to ensure good yield. These result suggested that other feature are at least as important as RWC in determining response to flowering stage drought tolerance. Grain yield is well correlated with RL and RWD but strong regression coefficient was obtained between root length and RWC. This result indicated that root length did not contribute directly grain yield under drought at flowering stage. But, it indirectly helps to maintained higher plant water status. Assimilate accumulate prior to flowering are of permanent importance when plant experience drought stress at flowering stage. Present study indicated that translocation of soluble sugar for grain growth is supported by ACR and ATR was higher in stress. Grain yield was significantly correlated with ACR and ATR.ArticleItem Open Access Status of available macro and micro nutrients and their correlation in soils of Eastern Plain Zone (Uttar Pradesh)(Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2017) Sen, AnandA bench mark field survey experiment was conducted to assess the availability of micronutrient (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo and B), macronutrient (N, P, K Ca, Mg and S) status and their correlation in soils of Eastern Plain Zone (E.P.Z) of U.P. The 62 soils samples were collected and analysed. The range and average values of pH (7.3-8.5) 7.89, OC (2.1- 4.5) 3.59 g kg-1, and E.C (0.19-0.69) 0.41dSm-1 were recorded. The ranged and average value of available macronutrient were recorded as N, (160-290) 224.8 kg ha-1, P: (7.8-19.5) 13.8 kg ha-1, K:( 140-290) 203.3 kg ha-1,exchangeable Ca:( 0.19-0.39) 0.28 cmol(p+)kg-1 exchangeable Mg:( 0.17-0.43) 0.30 cmol (p+) kg-1 and S (7.4-22.8) 14.2 ppm. Micronutrients were recorded in sufficient range such as Zn (0.35-1.29) 0.71 ppm, Fe (1.75-9.10) 3.23 ppm and Mo (0.10-1.33) 0.68 ppm, Cu (0.20-1.45) 0.56 ppm whereas B and Mn were in deficient range and average value of B (0.11 -1.80) 0.43 ppm and Mn (0.11-2.86) 1.41 ppm. The significant positive correlation were found among Fe with Mn, B, N, and Ca; Zn with Cu and Mo; Cu with Mo; Mo with B, N with Ca; Mg and S; Ca with Mg and S; Mg with S; pH with K and Ca; Organic carbon with N, Mg, S and F; Cu with N; whereas significant negative correlation were observed among Mo with N; Zn with N; P with Ca; pH with N, Mg and S; and EC with Cu.ArticleItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY IN RAIN-FED LOWLAND RICE BREEDING POPULATION UNDER NORMAL AND DELAYED TRANSPLANTING CONDITIONS(International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 2017) Singh, N.K.The importance of additive gene effects for most of the nine traits in the three crosses under two transplanting conditions suggested substantial scope of improvement in yield status can still be achieved by using breeding procedures. GY/P, BY/P and PH possessed high heritability and genetic advance in both conditions and emerged as ideal traits for selection. G/P, T/P and DFF in E1 and HI in E2 appeared also as ideal traits for selection owing to their high estimates for both parameters in respective conditions. At both levels, positive correlation of GY/P was recorded with HI in both transplanting conditions. BY/P, PL in both transplanting conditions and T/P and G/P in E1 appeared as strong positive associates of GY/P at both levels. Path analysis identified BY/P and HI as most important direct components and PL and G/P as most important indirect components of GY/P in both conditions. These characters merit due to consideration in formulating effective selection strategy in rainfed lowland rice for developing high yielding varieties for normal and delayed transplanting.ArticleItem Open Access GENETIC EVALUATION AND SELECTION CRITERIA OF UPLAND RICE (Oryza sativa L.) FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS UNDER REPRODUCTIVE STAGE DROUGHT STRESS(International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 2017) Singh, A.K.The present investigation, attempt has been made to combine different type of germplasm in order to identifying the physiological basis of genetic variation in drought tolerance. The High estimates of PCV and GCV were observed for sterile grains per panicle, root dry weight, root volume, root length and fertile grains per panicle under both the conditions High estimates of heritability and genetic advance were recorded for water potential, fertile grains panicle-1, sterile grains panicle-1, straw yield, total biomass at flowering, total biomass at maturity, ACR, root length, root volume and grain yield under both the conditions. Thus, selection practiced for these characters in plant materials under study may be expected to be highly fruitful for isolating high yielding genotypes for irrigated/drought environments. The other traits would be unreliable indices for improvement through selection due to existence of low to moderate transmissibility along with low variability. None of the morpho-physiological traits appeared as strong associates of grain yield in irrigated control condition, whereas four traits, namely, straw yield, panicle length, total biomass at maturity and total biomass at flowering were found to be strong associates of grain yield in water stress condition. In over all consideration, soluble sugar upper root and starch at re-watering in control condition and starch in leaf, starch at re-watering and chlorophyll a in stress condition emerged as most important direct yield components owing to their high order positive direct effects at phenotypic as well as genotypic level.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity and Soil Fertility(Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2017) Bharose, RamA field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) during the Kharif 2013 to evaluate the Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity and Soil Fertility. Twelve treatments comprised with different integrated modules of organic, inorganic and biofertilizer combinations. The various integrated nutrient management modules significantly influenced the yield and combination of different organic and inorganic source of nutrient. Among integrated modules the application of 100% RDF received maximum yield (60.61 grain and 78.86 straw q ha-1) and soil health the combination of FYM+GM+BGA by 75% RDF+ 25% N (FYM+GM+BGA). The longe time application of nutrient combination of organic source of nutrient in effect of soil physical properties, chemical and biological properties of soil. Application of recommended dose of RDF+FYM +GM+BGA highest increase. Inclusion of FYM, Green Manure (GM) and BGA through inorganic source in the treatment increased the Physical Properties of soil.ArticleItem Open Access RESPONSE OF PHOSPHOGYPSUM TO VARIOUS CULTIVARS ON SOIL FER TIL ITY AND FODDER PRODUCTION OF OAT (Avena sativa L.) IN SODIC SOILS(Progressive Research – An International Journal, 2018) Pal, PThe study was aimed to evaluate the entries of fodder crop and phosphogypsum levels on yield and effect on chemical properties of soil. The twelve treatment were comprised of one time application of four levels of phosphogypsum on basis of sulphur content (0, 125, 250 and 375 kgha-1) with three cultivar viz. NDO-1, NDO-2 and NDO-711 in randomized block design replication each treatment thrice. The phosphogypsum was applied through broadcast and surface incorporation. The half dose of nitrogen @ 100 kg N ha-1 though urea, and full dose phosphorus @ 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 through Diammonium phosphate applied at the time of sowing of the crop. The remaining half dose of nitrogen was top dressed in standing crop at 25 DAS just after first irrigation of the crop. The maximum fodder, dry matter and crude protein yield were obtained with the application of phosphogypsum @ 375 kg ha-1 (60 kg S ha-1) along with V3 (NDO-711) followed by phosphogypsum @ 250 kgha-1 and minimum was received with control with entry NDO-1. Subsequent reduction in pH and EC, build up of organic carbon, available nutrients viz. nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with the application of phosphogypsum @ 375 kg ha-1 with the entry NDO-711.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Drought Stress on Crop Plants with Special Reference to Drought Avoidance and Tolerance Mechanisms: A Review(International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018) Deka, DigantaThe changes in the climate due to global warming and ever dwindling arable land due to the population pressure are increasing strain on available resources for sustainable food production. Therefore, it is an urgent need to have proper idea about the effect of drought stress on crop plants for getting stable production through research intervention. Water deficit due to drought stress influences a wide range of plant processes, from whole plant growth and development to the molecular regulation of essential transcriptional pathways, and thus significantly impacts both physiology and metabolism. The studies about the changes in behavior of crop plants under drought condition have progressed at a rapid pace and extensive results of such analysis have been made public through various research articles, which can now be easily accessed through the World Wide Web. This review describes some aspects of drought induced effect of drought stress on different important traits of crop plants.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrient on productivity, nutrient uptake and economics of rice (Oryza sativa L.)(Annals of Plant and Soil Research, 2018) Bharose, RamA field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) during Kharif season of 2013 to evaluate the effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrient on productivity and nutrient uptake of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Twelve treatments comprised with different integrated modules of organic, inorganic and biofertilizer combinations were evaluated in randomized block design with three replication. The results revealed that the various integrated nutrient management modules significantly influenced the yield, economics and nutrient uptake by rice. Among integrated modules, application of 100% RDF resulted in maximum yield (60.61 grain and 78.86 q ha-1 straw) and nutrient uptake followed by 75% RDF+ 25% N (FYM+GM+BGA). The increases in grain and straw yield of rice due to 100% RDF were 165.1 and 108.2% over control, respectively. The corresponding increases in grain and straw yields due to 75% RDF + 25% N (FYM + GM + BGA) were 162.2 and 106.8 per cent. The highest net return (Rs. 78,409.00) and benefit: Cost ratios (2.80) were obtained with 100% RDF that was closely followed by 75% RDF+ 25% N FYM+GM+BGA.ArticleItem Open Access Integrated Farming System: The Future of Agriculture(Weser Books, 2018) Singh, Joginder