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Browsing Thesis by Subject "Animal Reproduction and Gynecology"

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Different Types of Housing on Productive and Reproductive Performance of Lactating Crossbred Cows During Summer and Winter Seasons
    (MPUAT, Udaipur, 2006) Shekhawat, L. S.; Choudhary, J. L.
    The study was carried out at the Livestock Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur (Rajasthan) in two separate experiments to assess the effect of different types of housing on productive and reproductive performance of lactating crossbred cows during summer and winter seasons. Experiment-I Twenty lactating crossbred cows in early stage of lactation were divided in to four groups of five animals each and randomly allotted 4 housing / treatments as follows : T1 : Control (Loose house) : House having covered area with roof of cement and concrete, and open area with concrete floor surrounded by 1.5 meter high wall from three sides. T2 : Mud plaster roof house : The roof as detailed in T1 was plastered with wheat bhusa (20 %), cow dung (30 %) and loam soil (50 %) and thoroughly mixed with sufficient amount of water and kept for a day to make it as semi-solid plaster of about 10 cm thickness. T3 : Thatch roof house : Approximately 20 cm thick layer of maize karbi (Zea mays L.) was put on the cement concrete roof of loose house (as detailed above in T1 was used as modification). T4 : Conventional house : Closed barn with a completely closed structure having windows (75 x 105 cm) for proper ventilation was used. All the animals offered wheat straw ad lib. + 20 kg green maize and concentrate mixture as per requirements of the animals. The effect of housing on maximum temperature was significantly (P<0.1) higher in T1 and T4 groups as compared to T2 and T3 groups. The DMI per 100 kg body weight were significantly (P<0.05) higher in T2 and T3 groups. The daily CPI was influenced significantly (P<0.01) among the groups, while the DCP intake per day, DCP intake per 100 kg body weight and DCPI per kg metabolic body size was significantly (P<0.01) higher in T2 as compared to T3, T4 and T1 groups. The daily TDN intake, TDNI per 100 kg body weight and per kg metabolic body size was significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01) higher in T2 and T3 groups. The mean daily VWI, VWI per kg DMI, TWI (L) and TWI per kg DMI was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T1 as compared to other three groups. The daily milk yield was significantly (P<0.01) higher in T2 (mud plaster roof house) as compared to T3, T1 and T4 groups. The similar trends were also observed in term of 4 per cent FCM yield and SCM yield. However, non-significant difference was observed in T1 and T3 but lower FCM and SCM yield were observed in T4. The average fat and SNF content in milk of different housing was non-significant, while total solid milk was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in T2 group as compared to other three groups. The FCE with respect to DM, CP consumption per kg FCM yield were significantly (P<0.01) higher in T4 as compared to other groups. The average daily rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate in various treatment groups were well in normal range. The rectal temperature was significantly (P<0.01) higher in T1 and T4 as compared to T2 and T3. The respiration rate was also significantly (P<0.01) influenced by housing systems. The average post partum oestrus intervals was not affected by treatments. The mean service period and number of services required per conception were significantly (P<0.01) lower in T2 and T1 as compared to T4 and T3 groups. The feed cost per kg milk yield was 4.49, 4.42, 4.48 and 5.42 in T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively being lowest in T2 (mud plaster roof house). Experiment-II Twenty lactating crossbred cows in early stage of lactation were divided into 4 groups of 5 animals each on the basis of body weight and milk yield and they were randomly allotted 4 housing / treatment as follows : T1 : Control (Loose house) : House having covered area with roof of cement and concrete, and open area with concrete floor surrounded by 1.5 meter high wall from three sides. T2 : Mud plaster roof house : The roof as detailed in T1 was plastered with wheat bhusa (20 %), cow dung (30 %) and loam soil (50 %) and thoroughly mixed with sufficient amount of water and kept for a day to make it as semi-solid plaster of about 10 cm thickness. T3 : Thatch roof house : Approximately 20 cm thick layer of maize karbi (Zea mays L.) was put on the cement concrete roof of loose house (as detailed above in T1 was used as modification). T4 : Conventional house : Closed barn with a completely closed structure having windows (75 x 105 cm) for proper ventilation was used. All treatments were offered wheat straw ad lib. + 20 kg green berseem and concentrate mixture as per requirement of the animals. The average maximum temperature and minimum temperature was significantly (P<0.01) lower in T2, T3 and T1 as compared to T4. The morning temperature irrespective of treatment was lower than evening temperature in the houses. The mean RH was significantly (P<0.01) higher in T4 as compared to T2 and T3 houses. The THI values were significantly (P<0.05) higher in T4 than other three houses. The daily DMI, DMI per kg 100 kg body weight and DMI per kg metabolic body size were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by shelter systems. The average CP intake and CPI per 100 kg body weight were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by treatments. The daily DCPI, DCPI per 100 kg body weight and DCPI per kg metabolic body size were significantly (P<0.05) higher in T1 and T4 as compared to T2 and T3 groups. The same trend was also observed in daily TDNI, TDNI per 100 kg body weight and TDNI per kg W0.75. The mean daily VWI, TWI, VWI per kg milk yield and TWI per kg milk yield not influenced by treatments. While VWI per kg DMI and TWI per kg DMI were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by treatments. The CP and NFE digestibility was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the housing systems, however, DM, OM, CF and EE digestibility were not influenced by treatments. The average daily milk yield was significantly (P<0.01) higher in T2 than other three groups. The T3 group produce more (P<0.01) milk as compared to T4 and T1. The FCM and SCM yield were also (P<0.01) higher in T2 as compared to other three groups. The average fat content in milk was not influenced by treatment, while SNF and total solid in milk were significantly (P<0.01) higher in T2 as compared to other three groups. The DMI, CPI and TDNI per kg 4 per cent FCM yield (4 % FCM) were significantly (P<0.01) higher in T4 as compared to other. The rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate were also influenced significantly by housing system. The post partum oestrus, service period and number of services per conception were significantly (P<0.01) influenced by the treatments. Based on the results the T2 and T4 houses was more comfortable for animals during summer season. The total return over feed cost from sale of milk was higher in T2 mud plaster roof house as compared to other three houses and conventional barn housed provides better physical environment to the animals in winter season.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic Studies of Production Efficiency Traits and Evaluation of Surti Bulls on the Basis of Single and Multi-Traits
    (MPUAT, Udaipur, 2008) Kumar, Ajesh; Tailor, S. P.
    Data for the present study from 1976-2004 recorded on 461 Surti buffaloes at Net-work Project on Buffaloes, Livestock Research Station, Vallabhnagar were utilized. The overall means for first lactation traits under study were 1724.65 ± 14.02 days for AFC, 212.98 ± 9.91 days for FSP, 512.96 ± 6.11 days for FCI, 1010.40 ± 17.08 kg for FLMY, 983.50 ± 15.31 kg for 305 MY, 6.67 ± 0.06 kg for FPY and 251.09 ± 5.36 days for FDP 3.81 ± 0.04 for MY/FLL, 2.02 ± 0.03 kg for MY/FCI, 0.45 ± 0.00 kg for MY/ASC, 0.53 ± 0.00 kg for MY/AFCON, 1165.29 ± 16.38 for IVSI1 and 720.24 ± 9.48 for IVSI2. The effect of sire was found to be significant on AFC, FLMY, 305 MY, FPY, MY/FLL, MY/FCI, IVSI1 and IVSI2 only. The effect of period of birth was found to be highly significant on AFC. The variation due to period of calving was significant on FLMY, FPY, MY/FCI and IVSI1. Similarly, significant variation due to season of birth was also observed on AFC. The variation due to season of calving was significant on all the traits under this study except MY/FCI and IVSI1. The low heritability estimation for FSP, FCI, FDP, MY/FCI, MY/ASC and MY/AFCON at 0.099 ± 0.109, 0.048 ± 0.101, 0.046 ± 0.101, 0.199 ± 0.125, 0.075 ± 0.106, 0.055 ± 0.102 respectively, moderate for AFC, FLMY, 305 MY, FPY, MY/FLL, IVSI1 and IVSI2 at 0.344 ± 0.145, 0.212 ± 0.127, 0.207 ± 0.126, 0.300 ± 0.139, 0.345 ± 0.145, 0.286 ± 0.157 and 0.222 ± 0.128 respectively. The AFC had positive and high genetic association with all the traits under study except with FDP which was moderate and negative. The phenotypic correlation coefficient of AFC with MY/ASC and MY/AFCON was negative and significant with other traits was positive and nonsignificant. The FSP and FCI had positive and low to moderate genetic association with FLMY, 305 MY, FPY, MY/FLL, MY/ASC and IVSI2 while negative and low to moderate with MY/FCI, MY/AFCON and IVSI1. The phenotypic correlation coefficient of FSP and FCI with FLMY, 305 MY, FDP, MY/ASC, MY/AFCON and IVSI2 were positive and significant while with FPY, MY/FCI and IVSI1 were negative and significant. The genetic and phenotypic association of among production traits viz., FLMY, 305 MY and FPY were positive and high. The genetic association of FDP with FLMY and 305 MY were positive and low to moderate with high standard error. The FDP had negative and significant phenotypic association with FLMY, 305 my while negative and non-significant with FPY. The genetic correlation coefficient of FLMY, 305 MY and FPY with MY/FLL, MY/FCI, MY/ASC and MY/AFCON, IVSI1 and IVSI2 were positive and moderate to high. The phenotypic correlation of FLMY, 305 MY and FPY with all the production efficiency and index value were positive and significant. The FDP had negative and significant association with all the production efficiency traits and IVSI1 while positive and non-significant with IVSI2. The rank and product moment correlation of AFC, FSP, FCI and FDP with IVSI1 and IVSI2 (multi-traits) were also low. On the other hand, correlation coefficient of production traits (FLMY, 305MY) and production efficiency traits (MY/FLL, MY/FCI, MY/ASC and MY/AFCON) with IVSI1 and IVSI2 were positive, high and significant (P<0.01).