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    Performance of Soybean-Wheat Cropping System under Conservation, Organic and Conventional Crop Management Practices
    (MPUAT, Udaipur, 2022) MEENA, SATYA NARAYAN; Sharma, S. K.
    A field experiment entitled “Performance of Soybean-Wheat Cropping System under Conservation, Organic and Conventional Crop Management Practices” was conducted during Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Research Farm (Organic Block), Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Kota (Agriculture University, Kota).The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications comprising five treatments of different crop management practices viz., conservation organic, conservation chemical, conventional chemical, organic management +conventional tillage and package of practices.The soil of experimental field was medium black and clay-loam (Vertisols) in textures having alkaline in reaction (pH 7.41), medium in organic carbon (0.51 %), medium in available nitrogen (234.0 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (21.13 kg ha-1) and high in available potash (440.00 kg ha-1) and low in available S (16.72 kg ha-1). Results indicate that based on pooled data conservation chemical recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes of soybean and wheat crop as compared to other management practices. The conservation chemical gave maximum seed, haulm yield, net return and B:C ratio of soybean (1850 kg ha-1, 2824 kg ha-1, ` 48549 ha-1 and 3.20, respectively). Similarly, conservation chemical also recorded highest grain, straw yield, net return and B:C ratio of wheat (5214 kg ha-1, 7941 kg ha-1, 90891 ha-1 and 4.11, respectively). The highest soil organic carbon (0.68%), available nitrogen (290 kg ha-1), phosphorus (24.75 kg ha-1), potassium (521.0 kg ha-1), iron (9.17 ppm), manganese (10.48 ppm), soil bacterial (29.11×107 cfu g-1), fungal (4.77×104 cfu g-1), actinomycetes populations (5.67×104 cfu g-1), acid phosphatase (44.12 μg g-1 ha-1), urease (45.28 μg g-1 ha-1) and dehydrogenase (23.31 μg g-1 ha-1) in soil was found under the treatment of conservation organic as compared to other treatments after two year of experimentation. The similar trend of nutrient content, microbial population and enzyme activities was also recorded at 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm soil depths.Among the various crop management practices, significantly high soil exchangeable calcium (25.36cmol (+)/kg) and soil exchangeable magnesium (7.51 cmol (+)/kg) and copper content (0.84 ppm) was recorded under 0-15 cm soil depth with the application of conservation chemical as compared to other treatments while highest available sulphur (22.52 kg ha-1) and zinc (0.85 ppm) content in soil was recorded under package of practices as compared to other treatments. The similar trend was recorded through all soil depths. The maximum removal of nutrients (NPK)by soybean-wheat cropping system in two years was found under treatment conservation chemical (1342.47 kg ha-1) followed by package of practices (1317.20 kg ha-1), conventional chemical (1246.43 kg ha-1), conservation organic (1144.99 kg ha-1) and organic management + conventional tillage (1085.69 kg ha-1). Conservation organic recorded the maximum net gain in soil available nitrogen (56.0 kg ha-1), phosphorus (3.7 kg ha-1), potassium (80.8 kg ha-1) and iron (5309 g ha-1) while, the highest net gain in soil available sulphur (4.61 kg ha-1) and zinc (426 g ha-1) was recorded under package of practices as compared to other treatments. However, the lowest net gain of nitrogen, phosphorus potassium and iron was recorded under package of practices. After two years of experimentation, the highest of system productivity (4615 kg SEY ha-1), net return (112582 ha-1), B:C ratio (6.33), production per day (20.88 kg ha-1 day-1), net return per day (508.91 ha-1 day-1), sustainable yield index (0.933) and sustainable value index (0.827) were recorded with conservation chemical crop management practice under soybean-wheat cropping system.