Browsing by Author "kusalkar, D.V."
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ThesisItem Open Access “ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)’’(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2016) BANKAR MAHESH B.; kusalkar, D.V.The present investigation “Assessment of genetic divergence in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was undertaken to study the extent of genetic variability, heritability (broad sense), genetic advance, correlation and genetic divergence in 36 genotypes of wheat. The material was evaluated in randomized block design with two replications during Rabi-2014 at Post Graduate Research Farm, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri. Observations were recorded on ten characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, spiklets per spike (no.),tillers per running meter(no.),plant height (cm),ear head length (cm), grains per ear head (no), grain yield per plant (g)1000 grain weight (g),and protein content (%). Significant treatment mean sum of squares for all characters studied were observed. The trait grain yield per plant showed maximum GCV and PCV than other traits followed by grains per spike and spikelets per spike. Environmental influence was less on expression of these characters as evident by narrow gap between genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation. All characters showed high heritability except for days to maturity and thousand grain weight. The character days to 50% flowering showed high broad sense heritability with low genetic advance. Grain yield per plant exhibited significant and positive correlation with tillers per running meter, grain per spike, ear head length, spiklets per spike and 1000 grain weight. Substantial amount of genetic diversity was observed among 36 genotypes of wheat. All 36 genotypes were grouped into 7 clusters. Cluster II and IV were the largest among all clusters with 9 genotypes in each followed by cluster III (7 genotypes), cluster I (6 genotypes), Cluster VII (3 genotypes) while cluster V and VI contained solitary genotype each. The inter cluster distance (D) was ranged between 5.64 (cluster V and VI) and 10.50 (cluster VI and VII). On the basis of inter cluster means and performance observed in the present study, genotypes AJINKYATARA, PHS0622 and LOK BOLD were found to the superior genotypes for further improvement of yield.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF STERILE AND FERTILE CYTOPLASM ON YIELD AND FIBRE QUALITY CHARACTERS IN Gossypium hirsutum L. COTTON(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2010) Solunke, B.D.; kusalkar, D.V.The present investigation entitled, “Effect of sterile and fertile cytoplasm on yield and fibre quality characters in Gossypium hirsutum L. cotton was carried out with objectives to study the effect of sterile and fertile cytoplasm, the heterosis, combining ability, gene action on yield and fibre quality characters. Four sterile (A) and fertile (B) lines were intermated with seven testers (R) during summer 2008. The resulting 28 hybrids were evaluated in two sets (A x R and B x R) along with parents (4 + 7) and standard check (Phule-492, Mallika) at All India Co-ordinated Cotton Improvement Project, M.P.K.V., Rahuri in a Randomized Block Design with three replications during summer 2009. In A x R set the combinations Laxmi x RHC-713 (214.22 g), B-1007 x RHC-712 (187.06 g), Laxmi x RHC-701 (185.50), B-1007 x RHC-718 (181.33), B-1007 x RHBB-9720 (176.89) recorded high seed cotton yield (g/plant) over better parent and standard check Phule-492 and Mallika. In B x R set the combinations K-3400 x RHC-714 (233.33 g), Laxmi x RHC-713 (212.11 g), B-1007 x RHC-714 (211.56 g), K-3400 x RHC-713 (210.56 g), MCU-5 x RHC-714 (195.06 g) also recorded high seed cotton yield (g/plant) over better parent and standard check Phule-492 and Mallika. In A x R set, K-3400 x RHBB-9720 (ginning percent), Laxmi x RHBB-9720 (100 seed weight), K-3400 x RHC-714 (boll weight), B-1007 x RHC-718 (number of bolls, number of sympodia), B-1007 x RHC-701 (number of monopodia, days to maturity), MCU-5 x RHC-713 (plant height, days to boll bursting) exhibited highly significant and the highest heterobeltiotic percentage for the respective characters. In B x R set, K-3400 x RHC-712 (ginning percent), MCU-5 x RHBB-9720 (100 seed weight), Laxmi x RHC-713 (boll weight, number of sympodia), B-1007 x RHC-712 (number of bolls), Laxmi x RHC-006 (number of monopodia) recorded highly significant and highest heterobeltiotic percentage for the respective characters. The mean sum of squares due to gca and sca were significant in both the sets (A x R and B x R) for majority of the characters studied indicating variability in combining ability of various lines, testers and crosses used. Among the females, B1007 was the best general combiner as it exhibited significant gca effects in desirable direction for seed cotton yield and yield contributing characters in both sets (A x R and B x R). However, among male parents RHC-714 was the best general combiner in both the sets (A x R and B x R) exhibiting significant gca effects for seed cotton yield and yield contributing characters in desirable direction.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Analysis For Quantitative Traits In Cowpea [Vigna UNGUICULATA (L.)](Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2012) GORDE BHAGVAN BABURAO; kusalkar, D.V.The present investigation entitled “Genetic analysis for quantitative traits in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]” was carried out at Pulses Improvement Project, M.P.K.V., Rahuri (M.S.) during Kharif, 2011, to study the extent of genetic variability and diversity for seed yield and its components in cowpea. The experiment was conducted with 50 diverse genotypes of cowpea received from Pulses Improvement Project, M.P.K.V., Rahuri. The field trials were grown in randomized block design with two replications. The genotypes were evaluated for ten characters to study extent of genetic variability and diversity for seed yield viz., days to 50 % flowering (no.), days to maturity (no.), plant height at maturity (cm), number of branches per plant, pod length (cm), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight (g), seed yield per plant (g) and protein content (%) were evaluated. Appreciable amount of variability was observed for all the characters. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficient were highest for plant height (cm) and least for days to maturity indicating presence of good amount of variability. High heritability with high genetic advance indicating additive gene action was observed for traits viz., plant height at maturity (cm),days to 50 % flowering (no.), days to maturity, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant. The seed yield per plant showed highly significant and positive association with almost all characters except days to maturity and protein content. In D2 analysis for seed yield, fifty genotypes were grouped into 14 clusters. The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster-IV and cluster-XIV (D = 16.80) and maximum intra cluster distance was observed for cluster-II (D=7.34). The variance of cluster means revealed that among ten characters evaluated for seed yield, the character plant height at maturity (33.47%), 100 seed weight (g) (21.55 %), protein content (18.20%) and days to 50% flowering made the maximum contribution to divergence. Considering inter cluster genetic distance, cluster means and per se performance diverse set of parents were identified for seed yield improvement.ThesisItem Open Access “GENETIC DIVERSITY AND PATH COFFICIENT ANALYSIS IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)”.(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2013) GIRI SHWETA RAMESH; kusalkar, D.V.The investigation on genetic studies of germplasms in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was conducted on 52 genotypes of chickpea to know the variability, interrelationship among yield and its components, their direct and indirect effects on seed yield and genetic divergence among various genotypes of chickpea. Observations were recorded for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seed per pod, 100 seed weight, seed yield per plant. A wide range of variation was observed for the characters days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant however, narrow range of variability was observed for number of primary branches per plant, number of seeds per pod. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were higher for seed yield per plant followed by plant height, number of pods per plant and number of secondary branches, while their estimates were lowest for number of seeds per pod, days to maturity. Heritability in broad sense was highest for seed yield per plant. High heritability associated with high genetic advance as percent of mean observed for number of primary, secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant suggesting that selection of these traits would be effective for the desired improvement in chickpea. Genotypic correlation coefficients were found to be of higher magnitude than the corresponding phenotypic ones. The characters, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod were significantly and positively associated with seed yield per plant. Number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, number of secondary branches per plant showed positive direct effects on seed yield while number of primary branches per plant showed negative direct effects. The D2 statistics showed that there was adequate diversity among the genotypes with D2 values ranging from 20.52 to 985.96. On the basis of D2 values, fifty two genotypes studied were grouped into six (6) clusters. On the basis of inter and intra cluster distance, cluster means per se performance, the genotypes viz., IC-275426, IC-275427, IC-275445, IC-327024, IC-327031, IC- IC-327056, IC-327029, IC327035 and IC-275429 were identified for their use in hybridization programme.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERSITY IN SUMMER GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L. )(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2014) GAIKWAD VAIJINATH GULAB; kusalkar, D.V.The present investigation entitled “Genetic diversity in summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)” was undertaken to estimate the genetic variability, path analysis, correlation between dry pod yield and other yield contributing characters and genetic divergence on forty nine germplasm lines and one check of summer groundnut. Total 50 genotypes were evaluated during summer, 2013 season in a randomized block design with two replications at All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Groundnut, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Dist. Ahmednagar (M.S.). Observations were recorded on the traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of immature pods per plant, number of mature pods per plant, dry pod yield per plant, hundred kernel weight, oil percent, protein percentage, shelling percentage, harvest index, sound mature kernels, plant height, peg to pod ratio, number of pegs per plant and dry haulm yield per plant. The treatment differences were statistically significant for all the characters except peg to pod ratio and also the magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variations indicated the presence of good amount of variability. The character number of pegs per plant showed the highest heritability followed by dry pod yield per plant, number of mature pods per plant, dry haulm yield per plant, number of immature pods per plant, harvest index, plant height, number of branches per plant, hundred kernel weight, days to 50% flowering, peg to pod ratio, shelling percentage, sound mature kernels and oil percentage. Other characters recorded moderate to low heritability. The number of pegs per plant showed the highest genetic advance. Other characters showed moderate to low genetic advance. dry pod yield per plant indicating the true and perfect association between these characters and dry pod yield. The correlation and path analysis studies revealed that number of mature pods per plant, peg to pod ratio, days to maturity and days to 50 % flowering as good indications of dry pod yield in groundnut. Other characters such as oil percentage and protein percentage may be considered while selecting genotypes for high yield.ThesisItem Open Access “GENETIC STUDIES OF GERMPLASM IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)”(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2011) Bhusnar Mathura Limbaji; kusalkar, D.V.The investigation on genetic studies of germplasm in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was conducted on 54 genotypes of chickpea to know the variability, interrelationship among yield and its components, their direct and indirect effects on seed yield and genetic divergence among various genotypes of chickpea. Observations were recorded for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seed per pod, 100 seed weight, seed yield per plant. A wide range of variation was observed for the characters days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant however, narrow range of variability was observed for number of primary branches per plant, number of seeds per pod. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were higher for seed yield per plant followed by 100 seed weight and number of pods per plant, while their estimates were lowest for number of seeds per pod. Heritability in broad sense was highest for 100 seed weight. High heritability ----------associated with high genetic advance as percent of mean observed for number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant suggesting non additive genetic control in their inheritance and scope for improving these characters through selection. Genotypic correlation coefficients were found to be of higher magnitude than the corresponding phenotypic ones. The characters, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod were positively associated with seed yield per plant while number of secondary branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity were negatively significant associated with seed yield per plant. Number of pods per plant, plant height, showed positive direct effects on seed yield while days to maturity, number of secondary branches per plant and other characters showed negative direct effects. The D2 statistics showed that there was adequate diversity among the genotypes with D2 values ranging from 14.44 to 216.67. On the basis of D2 values, fifty four genotypes studied were grouped into 8 clusters. On the basis of intercluster distance, cluster means per se performance, the genotypes viz., RCLG-79, RCLG-100, RCLG-8, RCLG52, RCLG-9, RCLG-469, RCLG-94, RCLG-10 were identified for their use in hybridization programme.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY ANALYSIS AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF RABI SORGHUM [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] GERMPLASMS(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2006) Shinde Deepak Eknath; kusalkar, D.V.he present investigation entitled "Genetic variability analysis and morphological characterization of rabi sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasms" was carried out at Sorghum Improvement Project, M.P.K.V., Rahuri (M.S.) during rabi 2003, to study the extent of genetic variability in the rabi sorghum germplasm, to characterize the germplasm on the basis of morphological characters and to isolate the desirable ideotypes for the breeding purpose. An experimental material consist of 550 different germplasm of rabi sorghum available with Senior Sorghum Breeder, Sorghum Improvement Project, M.P.K.V., Rahuri. 550 genotypes of rabi sorghum were grown in Augmented Randomized Block Design with two checks i.e. M-35-1 and CSV 216 in 22 blocks. The observations were recorded on plant, leaf, panicle, flowers and seed morphological characters. The morphological characteristics exhibited by different varieties studied indicated that although some of the cultivars have common morphological features in respect of one or few characters, they can be differentiated from each other on the basis of other characters. Plant morphological characters like plant colour (tan and nontan), days of 50 per cent flowering (early, medium and late), days to maturity (early, medium and late), plant height (short, medium and tall), internode length, number of internodes per plant, number of leaves per plant were studied. Leaf characters like midrib colour, leaf sheath waxiness, leaf margin shape, flag leaf angle, leaf position angle, leaf sheath covering, leaf length, leaf width were also studied and characterized. Panicle characters like panicle shape, peduncle length, earhead length, earhead width and seed characters like seed shape, seed size, seed luster, 1000 seed weight and grain yield per plant were also studied. Genotypes exhibited differences for these characters. Sufficient variability was present in germplasm under study for all characters. Magnitude of PCV was found more than GCV for all characters. The heritability in broad sense for growth characters 1000 seed weight, grain yield, number of leaves per plant, leaf width, internode length, peduncle length and earhead length was highest. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance was observed for growth traits viz., grain yield, 1000 grain weight, number of leaves per plant, earhead length, leaf width, internode length, peduncle length and plant height suggesting additive gene control in the inheritance of these traits and scope for selection in the improvement of these characters. On the basis of superiority of the different genotypes over better check some genotypes are isolated and suggested for further improvement programme of rabi sorghum.ThesisItem Open Access Genetics Of Yield And Fibre Quality Characters In Interspecific Crosses Of Cotton (G. Hirsutum L. X G. Barbadense L.)(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2013) Gawali Sunil Bhimrao; kusalkar, D.V.The present study entitled “Genetics of yield and fibre quality characters in interspecific crosses of cotton (G. hirsutum L. x G. barbadense L.) was carried out with objective to study the heterosis, combining ability, gene action between yield and yield contributing characters. The crosses were made by using 4 lines and 8 testers during summer 2008. The resulting 32 crosses were evaluated along with parents (4 + 8) and standard check (Phule-388, DCH-32) at AIC Cotton Improvement Project, M.P.K.V., Rahuri in Randomized Block Design with three replications during summer 2009. The combinations RHBB-9718 x RHCb-001 (201.00), RHC-712 x Giza-7 (191.00), RHC-717 x RHCb001 (190.33), RCH-717 x Giza-7 (189.33) recorded high seed cotton yield (g/plant) over better parent and standard check Phule-388 (185) and DCH-32 (169.44). The per se performance of these crosses were high. RHBB-9718 x RHCb-001 (Seed cotton yield and Boll weight), RHC-712 x Giza-7 (Number of bolls per plant), RHC-712 x PIMA-84 (100 seed weight), RHC-702 x Br-547 (number of sympodia), RHC-702 x Br-547 (number of monopodia), RHC-717 x Br-545 (plant height), RHC-712 x RHCb-011 (days to first flowering), RHC-717 x RHCb-004 (days to 50 per cent flowering), RHC-702 x PIMA-84 (days to first boll bursting) RHC-702 x RHCb-011 (days to maturity), RHC-702 x RHCb-004 (biomass at harvest) exhibited highly significant and the highest heterobeltotic percentage for the respective characters. In case of fibre quality characters cross combinations RHC-717 x RHCb-011 for 2.5 per cent span length, RHC-717 x Br-547 for fibre strength, RHC-712 x Br547 for micronaire, RHC-712 x PIMA-84 for fibre maturity; RHC-712 x PIMA-84 for fibre elongation; RHC-712 x RHC-004 for lint index exhibited significant heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis in desirable direction. The mean sum of squares due to gca and sca were significant for majority of the characters studied indicating variability in combining ability of various lines and testers and their crosses. Among the females, RHBB-9718 was the best general combiner as exhibited significant gca effects in desirable direction for seed cotton yield and yield contributing characters. However among male parents Giza7 was the best general combiner exhibiting high gca effects for seed cotton yield, ginning percent, days to first boll bursting, plant height in desirable direction.ThesisItem Open Access “IDENTIFICATION OF SUMMER GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) GENOTYPES FOR HIGH OIL CONTENT.”(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2017) DHAYGUDE SNEHAL SHRIMANT; kusalkar, D.V.The present investigation entitled “Identification of summer groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes for high oil content.” was undertaken to estimate the genetic variability, path analysis, correlation between dry pod yield and other characters. Total seven F2 crosses each cross having 50 IPS were evaluated during summer, 2016 season in a randomized block design with three replications at All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Groundnut, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Dist. Ahmednagar (M.S.). Observations were recorded on the traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of mature pods per plant, dry haulm yield per plant, dry pod yield per plant, hundred kernel weight, shelling percentage, harvest index, oil content, protein content. The treatment differences were statistically significant for all the characters and also the magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variations indicated the presence of good amount of variability. The character Plant height, Mature pods per plant, Dry pods yield per plant, Hundred kernels weight, Harvest index (dry weight basis) have high heritability with high genetic advance. Days to 50% flowering have high heritability with medium genetic advance. Days to maturity show high heritability with low genetic advance. Shelling percentage, Sound mature kernels, Oil percentage, Protein percentage showed medium heritability with low genetic advance. The estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were marginally higher than the estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters studied indicating the influence of environment on these traits. Heritability is used to predict the resemblance between parents and their progeny. Whereas, the genetic advance provides the knowledge about expected gain for a particular character after selection. The genotypic correlation coefficients were higher in magnitude than their corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients. The characters, harvest index, number of mature pods per plant, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, dry haulm yield per plant recorded highly significant and positive correlation with dry pod yield per plant. Whereas, hundred kernels weight exhibited non-significant and positive association with dry pod yield per plant. The path coefficient analysis revealed that harvest index (dry weight basis), dry haulm yield per plant, hundred kernels weight, plant height, protein percentage, oil percentage had the highest positive direct effect on dry pod yield indicating the true and perfect association between these characters and dry pod yield. The characters, days to 50% flowering, number of branches per plant, shelling percentage, and sound mature kernels showed negative direct effect on dry pod yield. The result of this investigation showed that oil content of kernels in groundnut is determined by architecture of cultivar and environmental factors. However the efficacy of selection depend on knowledge of the genetic control of the measured traits. Plants 313, 326, 312, 301, 303,311, 319, 321, 348 of cross TAG-24 X SB-XI showed high oil content. The range for oil content is between46.00-50.36 percentage. Twenty one plants oil content significant above mean. This cross of groundnut can be use for further selection for oil improvement.ThesisItem Open Access VARIABILITY STUDIES IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2012) Naiknaware Bhagyashri B; kusalkar, D.V.The investigation on variation studies in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was conducted on 62 genotypes of chickpea to know the variability, interrelationship among yield and its components, their direct and indirect effect on seed yield. Observations were recorded for days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, plant spread, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, protein content and seed yield per plant. A wide range of variability was observed for all the characters except number of primary branches per plant and number of seeds per pod. The character pods per plant exhibited highest range of variability followed by plant spread, plant height, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, seed yield per plant, 100 seed weight. Protein content and number of secondary branches per plant showed moderate amount of variation. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were highest for seed yield per plant followed by pods per plant, plant spread, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant and 100 seed weight. High heritability associated with high genetic advance was observed for number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, plant spread, number of primary and secondary branches per plant, 100 seed weight and number of seeds per pod suggesting that selection of these traits would be effective for the desired improvement in chickpea. The straight selection on the basis of phenotypic performance alone would not, therefore be rewarding in the improvement of these traits, indicating non additive gene action and breeding methods, to exploit non additive gene action through heterosis may be followed. The significant positive correlation was reported between seed yield per plant and primary branches per plant followed by secondary branches per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, days to maturity, days to 50 per cent flowering and plant height.