Browsing by Author "SREENU, MAKKENA (Major)"
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ThesisItem Open Access CLINICAL STUDIES ON LAPAROHYSTEROTOMY AND NEONATAL RESUSCITATION IN SMALL RUMINANTS(Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2010-05) DEVI PRASAD, VADDADI; SREENU, MAKKENA (Major); SURESH KUMAR, R.V; CHANDRA SEKHARA RAO, T.S; SRILATHA, ChABSTRACT: The present study entitled “Clinical studies on laparohysterotomy and neonatal resuscitation in small ruminants” was conducted to evaluate different techniques of performing laparohysterotomy and neonatal resuscitation in small ruminants suitable to the field conditions. In the present study, the incidence of dystocia in sheep was found to be 87.03% and in goat it was 12.96%. Comparatively, incidence of dystocia was more in pleuriparous compared to the primiparous animals. Many cases of dystocia warranting laparohysterotomy were found to be associated with female foetuses. The main indication for which laparohysterotomy performed was, the insufficient dilatation of cervix followed by gross oversize of foetus, postural abnormalities, foetal emphysema and uterine torsion. Real time B-mode trans abdominal ultrasonography was found to be rapid and highly useful in knowing the viability status of the foetus. Spinal anaesthesia using two per cent lignocaine hydrochloride at lumbosacral space provided optimal analgesia, muscle relaxation and hind limb restraint. Linear infiltration had the disadvantages of improperly desensitized peritoneum and development of toxicity. Post anaesthetic depression was marked in both linear infiltration and ketamine diazepam anaesthesia. The mid ventral incision was proved to be best, due to its advantages like ease of performance, less haemorrhage, provision of good working place for exteriorization and detorsion. The disadvantages of the right and left ventro lateral oblique incisions were the prolapse of intestines at the site of operation, less working space, difficulty in exteriorization. The conspicuous haematological changes in all the animals, were decreased total erythrocytes count, haemoglobin, and packed cell volume; leucocytosis with neutrophilia and lymphocytopoenia. The biochemical parameters revealed increased levels of glucose and plasma cortisol and decreased levels of cholesterol and plasma proteins. Microscopic examination of biopsy samples of uterus showed coagulation necrosis, vacuolation, hypertrophy endometrial glands; hyalinization of blood vessels, oedema and necrosis of myometrium. The antibiotic sensitivity test revealed sensitivity of samples to enrofloxacin and gentamicin. Among the neonatal resuscitation procedures, the best method of clearing airways was nasal and pharyngeal suctioning and heimlich’s manoeuvre. Apnoea was best treated by external cardiac massage with oxygen supplementation. Hypoxia and hypothermia were corrected by placing the neonate in an incubator that had oxygen supply and a light source. The neonatal hypoglycemia could be best treated by injection of glucose solution intraperitoneally.ThesisItem Open Access LAPAROSCOPY IN BUFFALOE CALVES(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI – 517 502. (A.P) INDIA, 2010-12) SRINIVASA RAO, KAMANI; SREENU, MAKKENA (Major); RAGHAVENDER, K B P; KISHORE, P V SABSTRACT : The present study “laparoscopy in buffaloe calves” was under taken to study the topography of the abdominal and pelvic cavity through different approaches and to conduct laparoscopic biopsy of the spleen and liver.Twelve male buffaloe calves aged about one and a half to two years were randomly divided in to three groups to perform Right, left and midventral laparoscopy . The laparoscopy equipment and accessories used in this study were effectively served the purpose. Atmospheric air was pumped in to abdomen through veress needle to create pnuemo- peritoneum with 8-10mm of Hg pressure following preoperative fasting of the animals for 24-48 hrs .The middle of the flanks and lateral to umbilicus was chosen as portals for laparoscopy. Right and left side approaches through paralumbar fossa in standing position and mid ventral site in dorsal recumbency are found to be suitable for the procedure. Right, left flank and midventral laparoscopy provided excellent viewing of the intraabdominal and pelvic organs. Post operatively all the animals recovered well without any sepsis and wound complications .Laparoscopy-guided biopsy of liver and spleen yielded normal cellular architecture with minimum artifacts in histological studies.The complications following laparoscopy include laceration of the rumen wall and omental sling at the site of trocarization and signs of subcutaneous emphysema.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ACELLULAR MATRIX OF SWIM BLADDER FOR ABDOMINAL DEFECTS IN RABBITS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI – 517 502. (A.P) INDIA, 2011-09) BHANU BABU, POTINA; SREENU, MAKKENA (Major); RAGHAVENDER, K B P; RAJU, N K BABSTRACT: The present investigation deals with study of fresh, decellularized fish swim bladders and autografts for abdominal wall reconstruction in rabbits based on different parameters. Fresh swim bladders collected from fish were decellularized using 1M sodium chloride solution and 0.5% Triton X-100 under gentle agitation. This effectively removed the cellular material from the tissue and was confirmed by Haematoxylin & Eosin, Mallory’s and Van- Gieson’s staining. A total of 24 rabbits of either sex divided in to three groups were used for abdominal wall reconstruction with fresh swim bladder, processed swim bladder and autografts after creating an abdominal wall defect of 3x4cm. Diazepam as premedicant and 5% Thiopental sodium solution as intravenous agent through the marginal ear vein achieved sufficient plane of anesthesia. Parenteral administration of enrofloxacin and daily dressing of the wound with 5% povidone iodine minimized the complications of wound healing. There was an increase in the temperature, respiratory and heart rates in the immediate post operative period which returned to normal during the period of study. Total leucocyte count, glucose and ALP levels were increased in immediate post operative period where as haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total erythrocyte count were decreased in all the groups. Wound healing complications like wound dehiscence, abscessation of the wound, fistula formation and wound edges with cicatrization were evident in some animals. The fresh graft group showed variable levels of interleukins where as autograft and processed graft groups showed no appreciable levels of interleukins. The concentration of TGF β2 was high in fresh graft group followed by processed and autografts. There were no adhesions, herniation and eventration in the processed graft group where as minimal adhesions in the fresh graft and autograft groups. Neovascularization on the peritoneal side of the graft at the reconstructive site was seen by day 14 in all the groups. Histologically all the sections showed inflammatory cells, like neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages, at the host graft interface, marked fibroblastic activity towards subcutaneous layer with the formation of thin fibrous tissue and neocapillaries on the peritoneal side on 14th postoperative day in all the groups. Processed graft and autograft groups showed early mesothelialization on the peritoneal side of the graft on 7th day which prevented adhesion formation with visceral organs where as in fresh graft group mesothelialization was noticed on 14th postoperative day. Absence of foreign body giant cells suggested the biocompatibility of the both fresh and processed swim bladders with the host tissue. The processed grafts were proved to be ideal for abdominal wall reconstruction followed by fresh swim bladder and autograft.ThesisItem Open Access Studies On Affections of Tail And Its Management In Buffaloes(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI – 517 502. (A.P) INDIA, 2013-11) SATAYANARAYANA, G; SREENU, MAKKENA (Major); DEVI PRASAD, V; NAIDU, G VABSTARCT: The present work entitled Studies on affections of tail and their management in buffaloes was taken up on the clinical cases presented for the treatment inary hospital around Gannavarm . The incidence of Necrosis and gangrene of the tail was more followed by fractures, trauma , dislocation , dermatitis , varicosity and tumor cases.They were treated on conservative therapy and amputation procedures. Tail amputation with V Incision with epidural block or ring block ( group I and II) Tail amputation with U Incision with epidural block or ring block. (group II and IV ) was conducted on required animals. Among the affections of tail the buffaloes suffering with avulsion , Dislocation and Necrosis and gangrene showed severe pain whereas fractures, dermatitis and varicosity cases were graded as moderate. The pain was graded as low in tumor case . Amputation of tail throughV Incision given satisfactory exposure when compared to U incision. The Physiological and haematological parameters following amputation were with in the physiological limits. A non Significant increase in plasma cortisol and C reactive Protein were noticed in early postoperative period in all the groups .Skin sutures were completely healed in between 11-14 days in all the animals. The dorso ventral and lateral views selected for radiography of amputated tail found to be appropriate . he skin obtained from the majority of the tail affections showed normal histological structures while the necrosis and gangrene cases showed ischemic necrosis .The bone section revealing normal lamellar bone with haversian system indicating the non involvement of the bone in tail affections . Based on the study it was concluded that affections of the tail should be addressed promptly with appropriate treatment procedures to minimize the production losses as well as pain relief to the animal.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON AUGMENTATION CYSTOPLASTY USING ACELLULAR MATRIX OF SWIM BLADDER IN RABBITS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI – 517 502. (A.P) INDIA, 2012-12) LAVANYA, KILLI; SREENU, MAKKENA (Major); DEVIPRASAD, V; SURESH, KABSTRACT: The present study on augmentation cystoplasty was conducted in rabbits to compare the suitability of auto grafts,fresh and acellular swim bladder graft for its healing based on different parameters. . Fresh swim bladders collected from fish were decellularized using 1M sodium chloride solution and 0.5% Triton X-100 under gentle agitation which effectively removed the cellular material from the tissue and was confirmed by Haematoxylin & Eosin .Histologically swim bladder contains an outer fibromuscular layer, muscularis mucosae below the submucosa and internal layer of cuboidal secretory epithelium A total of 24 rabbits of either sex divided in to three groups were used for urinary bladder wall reconstruction with auto grafts,fresh and acellular swim bladder graft after creating a defect . Glycopyrolate as premedicant and Xylazine – Ketamine mixture provided smooth induction and sufficient plane of anaesthesia in rabbits. Parenteral administration of enrofloxacin and daily dressing of the wound with 5% povidone iodine minimized the complications of wound healing. There was a significant rise (P < 0.05) in the rectal temperature, respiratory and heart rate values in the initial postoperative days in all the animals . A significant decrease (P < 0.05) in haemoglobin and PCV in the initial postoperative days in all the animals.Significant increase (P < 0.05) in creatinine levels at 14 th day in groups I and III while in group II there was a nonsignificant rise on 3rd and 5 th day followed by a significant increase up to day 14. There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in urea levels at 1 st day in all the groups and a non significant increase in levels upto 13 th post 3rd,7th and 14 th day in all the groups . Cystograms showed inconsistent augmentation effect in auto and fresh swim bladder graft animals while it was considerable with acellular graft group. The cutaneous wound healed by 12-15 days.Grossly, grafted site showed various forms of adhesions in all the animals, The graft showed intactness amd as time progresses . Histologically all the sections showed inflammatory cells at the host graft interface at the early phase of observation and as time progresses marked fibroblastic activity formation of thin fibrous tissue and neocapillaries are the findings in acellular graft group. In conclusion the acelluar swim bladder was well accepted by the host tissue and is ideal for augmentation cystoplasty rabbits followed by auto graft and fresh swim bladder graft. .Because of early degradation of scaffold with deposition of native tissue, proliferation of epithelium, along with high degree of angiogenesis and lesser inflammatory reaction, acellular swim bladder graft can be graded superior to autograft and the fresh swim bladder grafts.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF HORN AFFECTIONS IN BUFFALOES(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI – 517 502. (A.P) INDIA, 2011-12) RAMA RAO, KOTAGIRI; SREENU, MAKKENA (Major); RAGHAVENDER, K.B.P; KISHORE, P.V.SABSTRACT: The present study entitled “Studies on clinical management of horn affections in buffaloes” was conducted tostudy the incidence og horn affections , pain symptoms and score index, clinical, hemato-biochemical parameters to compare standard and modified methods of horn amputation in buffaloes.The incidence of avulsion, fractures, septic horn, overgrown horns and horn cancer were 20, 62.5, 10, 5 and 2.5% respectively. Comparatively, the incidence of horn affections was more in right than the left side. Standard and modified methods of horn amputation were compared with and without sedation.The buffaloes with horn affections showed varying degrees of pain symptoms. The pain symptoms and pain score index were more pronounced in the horn cancer and standard method of horn amputation without sedation when compared to the other affections and groups.The physiological and hematological parameters were within the normal limits in all the horn affections, but the plasma cortisol and C-reactive protein were more than the normal levels in all the horn affections. The modified method of horn amputation with sedation proved to be best, due to its advantages like ease of flap rising, less duration of operation and stress. Radiography of the amputated horn and microscopic examination of biopsy samples of horn following amputation have given additional information about the horn affections .