Browsing by Author "Pangawkar, G. R."
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ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical And Cytomorphological Studies On Cross-Bred Bull Semen(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 1986) Singh, Divender Mohan; Pangawkar, G. R.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of some additives and presence of fungi on the quality and preservation of buffalo bull semen(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 1994) Sidhu, Sukhdeep Singh; Pangawkar, G. R.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of some additives on buffalo bull semen quality and sperm penetration into cervical mucus(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 1996) Kumar, Naresh; Pangawkar, G. R.The effect of incorporating chloroquine diphosphate(10-5M) and nystatin levels as 5, 20, 30 and 40 ug/ml separately and together to Tris-yolk glycerol extender was studied in relation to presence of fungi during cryopresevation of buffalo bull semen. Twelve ejaculates, from each of the five bulls were processed and preserved in Tris-yolk glycerol and modified extenders. Sperm motility, live sperm per cent, sperm morphology and isolation, identification, quantitation and toxigenic screening of fungi were studied in neat, post -equilibrated and post -freeze thaw semen. Microbial assay of nystatin was done in preserved semen so as to assess the optimal level of drug to be added to semen for effective quality control without altering sperm morphology. Sperm motility and live sperm count were higher in extenders having nystatin 30 ug/ml. Sperm head abnormalities were significantly lower in post -equilibrated and post freeze thaw semen having 30 ug/ml of nystatin,while sperm tail and acrosomal abnormalities were significantly low at this level of nystatin in post -freeze thaw semen. ALT and LDH enzymes release were significantly higher in post -freeze thaw semen. No fungal growth was observed in the extended semen containing 30 and 40 ug/ml of nystatin. Few toxigenic strains of Aspergillus and Penicillium were isolated from preserved semen. The presence of fungus was observed to be significantly negatively correlated with sperm motility and live sperm count in fresh and preserved semen while it was significantly positively correlated with AST and ALT enzymes and acrosomal abnormalities at post -freeze thaw stage. Chloroquine diphosphate was observed to exert its membrane stabilizing effect on spermatozoa better when extenders used were having 30 ug/ml of nystatin.ThesisItem Open Access Effect Of Some Additives On Cryopreservation Of Buffalo Bull Semen Using Tris-Yolk-Glycerol(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 1990) Arora, Inderjit Singh; Pangawkar, G. R.Total of fifty ejaculates (10 from each of the five fertile buffalo bulls) with initial motility 70 % were processed for deep-freezing in liquid nitrogen (- 19 6 C) in six extenders viz. Tris- yolk- glycerol (T 1), Tris-yolk glycerol-chloroquine diphosphate ( T 2 ), Tris- yolk-glycerolchlorpromazine hydrochloride (T3), Tris-yolk-glycerolcaffeine(T), Tris -yolk-glycerol -cysteine hydrochloride (T5) and Tris-yolk-glycerol- ascorbic acid (T6). Chloroquine or as corbic acid addition resulted in better freezability (P< 0.05) of semen at all stages (Post extension, Postequilibration and Post freoethaw) in terms of higher percentage of motile sperms, live sperms and intact acros somes and low percentage of head and tail abn or malities. Suppli-mentation cf chlor promazine hydrochloride pr oved to be advantageous for maintenance of sperm morphology at all stages of deep-freezing but sperm motility and livability was significantly (P.< 0.05) lower as compared to TI(Control) atpost freeze the wastage. Caffeine addition (7 m M) was detri- mental to spermatozoa in terms of motility and livability but significant (P< 0.05 ) pronounced effect was observed at post freeze thaw stage. Morphology of sperms was adversely affected at all stages of freeze preservation. Cysteine hydrochloride modified Tris-yolk- glycerol did shows some beneficial effect in freezability of semen but significant (P< 0.05) improvement was seen in terms of live spermatozoa (%) at post freeze thaw stage and percentage of intact acrosomes at post equilibration and post-freeze thaw stages.ThesisItem Open Access Investigations On Factors Affecting Sperm Penetration In Estrual Mucus In Buffaloes(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 1995) Dev, Sittal; Pangawkar, G. R.The effect of physical and biochemical characteristics of estrual mucus on buffalo bull spermatozoa! penetrability (frozen semen) was studied in_ vitro by examining 64 estrual mucus samples from normal cycling (early, mid and late estrus) and repeat breeder buffaloes (mid estrus) in phase -I experiment. Semen from four healthy buffalo bulls (6 ejaculate from each) was collected and evaluated. The effect of semen quality (before and after freezing) on spermatozoal penetrability in vitro. was studied in mid estrual mucus, collected from three normal cycling buffaloes, by employing estrual mucus quality index in phase II experiment. Sperm penetration rate (mm/20 min) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in mid ustrual stage than that in early and late stage of estrus phase and lowest in repeat breeder mucus samples. Higher sperm penetrability was recorded in clear and thin consistency mucus samples. Typical coarse fern pattern was found to be the most suitable for sperm penetration. Comparatively higher sperm penetration rate was observed in sterile (bacterial free) estrual mucus than, that having bacterial growth. The pH of estrual mucus between 7.25 to 7.35 was found more conducive for sperm penetration.ThesisItem Open Access Some studies on the microflora in preputial washings and semen of buffalo bulls(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 1991) Bindra, Daljeet Singh; Pangawkar, G. R.Delay in puberty causes great economic losses to dairy farmers. The present study was planned to see the effect of gonadotropins and gonadotropin releasing hormones in delayed pubertal buffalo-heifers and thus to bring them into estrus. Seventy-five percent of the buffalo-heifers responded to GnRH administration whereas 87.5 per cent response was seen with PMSG and HOG administration. The plasma estradiol-17 maximum during estrus Phase whereas plasma praesterone level was maximum during the diestrus phase of the estrous cycle. The plasma FSH and LH levels were found to be maximum during the estrus phase of the cycle. There was increase in the thyroid gland activity with the onset of estrus cyclicitv resulting in higher circulating levels of plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine. The plasma, cortisol level did not show much variations. The hemoglobin packed cell volume, blood glucose and total protein, inspite of slight variations, remained unaffected with the administration of these hormones. The plasma total cholesterol was high during pre-treatment period and during the estrus phase of the induced estrous cycle. Various plasma enzyme activities were estimated and there was not much variations in the plasma enzyme concentrations. However, slight variations did occur with the change in reproductive status of the buffalo-heifers. The plasma macro-and micro-elements did not show much variations. These findings lead us to the conclusion that various hormonal parameters showed significant variations with the onset of estrus cyclicity. These variations were under the normal range of concentration during different phases of estrous cycle in this species. However, other biochemical constituents did not show much variations with the administration of exogenous hormones and remained within the normal range. The use of these hormones were found to be helpful for bringing the delayed pubertal buffalo-heifers Intorus cyclicity and thus making them capable of carrying out various process of reproductionThesisItem Open Access Studies on chemotherapeutic treatment of transmissible venereal tumour in dogs(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 1995) Singh, Tejinder Pal; Pangawkar, G. R.Present study wan conducted on 27 TVT affected dogs (Group II ) and 6 normal healthy dogs (Group IL The comparative efficacy of antineoplastic drugs (Vincristine sulfate and 5- Fluorouracil) was made in presence or absence of immunostimulator (Levamisole-75).In group IIa (n=6) dogs were given vincristine sulfate weekly, in group III) (n=6) dogs were pre-treated with levamisole and then vincristine was given weekly. On group lie (n=6) dogs were applied 5-luorouracil (5%) cream locally. In group lId (n=6) dogs were first pre-treated with levamisole and then 5-FUcream was applied daily. Haematologif,al, haemostatic, histopathological, histochemical and histoenzymic studies in all TVT affected dogs were carried out and compared with normal healthy dogs (n=6) of group I.Haematological examination of TVT affected dogs revealed that the values were within normal physiological limits and platelet count was significantly tower. After treatment in all sub-groups except IIb significant decrease in Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC and increase in platelet count was recorded.The clotting and bleeding time were significantly higher in TVT affected dogs however, fibrinogen was within normal physiological limits. After treatment significant decrease in clotting and bleeding time was recorded but fibrinogen change was not significant.The osmotic fragility in terms of initial haemolysis was significantly higher, the maximum and mean corpuscular fragility of erythrocyte were also higher, which were statistically non -significant. After treatment there was a signifieant decrease in osmotic fragility in all TVT affected dogs. There was nearly complete regression of tumour by day .14 in group ha and In as evident histopathologifally. There was complete loss of neoplastic cells with fibrous tissue substitution in group ha and IIh. In group IIc the changes were mild and in group lid the changes were moderate. Histochemical picture of unfixed eryostat sections of TVT shows weak reaction for lipids and mueopolysacchrides. After treatment there was marked increase in lipid content of TVT tissue and the acidic mucopolysaccharide were slightly higher, indicting necrotic and degenerative changes were set in tumour tissue. Histoenzymic pattern of unfixed cryostat sections of TVT shows weak AKPase, moderate to strong ACPase and strong LDH and SDH acti4ity indicating higher metabolic activity of TVT cells. After treatment there was marked loss of AKPase, LDH, SOH and increase in ACPase activity, reflecting loss of cell function,degeneration and cytolysis of tumour. The bacteriological isolation in TVT affected dogs represnets normal flora of dogs. StaPh. aureus and Streptococci spp. were the most common isolates. The dogs of group ha and IIb (n = 6 in each) responded completely to chemotherapy, however, the number of vincristine injections levamisole Ile there regression anorexia,required in group IIb after pre-treatment with were less as compared to group ha. While in group was mild and in group lid there was moderate The side effects of chemotherapy seen included, vomition depression, rise of temperature salivation and tremors. Three dogs naturally affected with TVT did not show spontaneous regression.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on filtration through different media and freezing of buffalo bull semen in certain extenders(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 1989) Kumar, Naresh; Pangawkar, G. R.Various aerobic enteropathogens isolated from 39 meat, 32 meat products, 36 swab, 23 fish and 8 fish pakoda samples were Esci erichia coli (13.1%), Salmonella Typhimurium (2.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 15.2%), Prtoeus spp. (15.2%) and Enterobacter spp. (17.3%).Morphologicall:, and biochemically, majority of the isolates gave typical characteristics of family Enterobacteriaceae.Predominent serotype isolated was 0:8 (7) followed by 0:78 (3), 0:106 (3), 0:20 (2), 0:29 (2) and 0:22 (1) out of 18 E. coli isolates while serology of Salmonella revealed the predominence of Sal, nonella Typhimurium (4,5,12:i:1,2). Total bacterial load of different meat samples ranged between 1.1x102 c.f.u./g to1.4x106 c.f.u./g of the sample. Out of 100 different isolates obtained, more than 18.5 per cent were found to be enteroto (igenic by rabbit illeal loop method and rabbit skin vasopermeability factor test mu a positive correlation has been found between these two methods for enterotoxigenicity and are of public health significance in food poisoning under favourE ble environment. The serotypes (0:8, 0:20, 0:22, and 0:106) of E. col, are known to be enteropathogenic and important from public health point of view.ThesisItem Open Access The effect of sugar, glycerol levels and equilibration time in cryopreservation of buffalo semen using tris extender(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 1990) Singh, Gurpaul; Pangawkar, G. R.