Studies on chemotherapeutic treatment of transmissible venereal tumour in dogs
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Date
1995
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Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana
Abstract
Present study wan conducted on 27 TVT affected dogs (Group II ) and 6 normal healthy dogs (Group IL The comparative efficacy of antineoplastic drugs (Vincristine sulfate and 5- Fluorouracil) was made in presence or absence of immunostimulator (Levamisole-75).In group IIa (n=6) dogs were given vincristine sulfate weekly, in group III) (n=6) dogs were pre-treated with levamisole and then vincristine was given weekly. On group lie (n=6) dogs were applied 5-luorouracil (5%) cream locally. In group lId (n=6) dogs were first pre-treated with levamisole and then 5-FUcream was applied daily. Haematologif,al, haemostatic, histopathological, histochemical and histoenzymic studies in all TVT affected dogs were carried out and compared with normal healthy dogs (n=6) of group I.Haematological examination of TVT affected dogs revealed that the values were within normal physiological limits and platelet count was significantly tower. After treatment in all sub-groups except IIb significant decrease in Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC and increase in platelet count was recorded.The clotting and bleeding time were significantly higher in TVT affected dogs however, fibrinogen was within normal physiological limits. After treatment significant decrease in clotting and bleeding time was recorded but fibrinogen change was not significant.The osmotic fragility in terms of initial haemolysis was significantly higher, the maximum and mean corpuscular fragility of erythrocyte were also higher, which were statistically non -significant. After treatment there was a signifieant decrease in osmotic fragility in all TVT affected dogs. There was nearly complete regression of tumour by day .14 in group ha and In as evident histopathologifally. There was complete loss of neoplastic cells with fibrous tissue substitution in group ha and IIh. In group IIc the changes were mild and in group lid the changes were moderate. Histochemical picture of unfixed eryostat sections of TVT shows weak reaction for lipids and mueopolysacchrides. After treatment there was marked increase in lipid content of TVT tissue and the acidic mucopolysaccharide were slightly higher, indicting necrotic and degenerative changes were set in tumour tissue. Histoenzymic pattern of unfixed cryostat sections of TVT shows weak AKPase, moderate to strong ACPase and strong LDH and SDH acti4ity indicating higher metabolic activity of TVT cells. After treatment there was marked loss of AKPase, LDH, SOH and increase in ACPase activity, reflecting loss of cell function,degeneration and cytolysis of tumour. The bacteriological isolation in TVT affected dogs represnets normal flora of dogs. StaPh. aureus and Streptococci spp. were the most common isolates. The dogs of group ha and IIb (n = 6 in each) responded completely to chemotherapy, however, the number of vincristine injections levamisole Ile there regression anorexia,required in group IIb after pre-treatment with were less as compared to group ha. While in group was mild and in group lid there was moderate The side effects of chemotherapy seen included, vomition depression, rise of temperature salivation and tremors. Three dogs naturally affected with TVT did not show spontaneous regression.